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《海洋工程》2015,(2)
CRT(Controlled Reduced Tide)技术是一种河口潮间带潮汐栖息地恢复新技术,原理是使用简单的水闸结构将已建堤坝改良,通过恢复潮汐频率实现潮汐栖息地的生态修复。与已有恢复技术相比,CRT系统易于管理,并且能使潮汐栖息地的恢复效果更接近自然潮汐状态。目前,CRT技术已在比利时Schelde河口进行试验研究,并成功地修复了潮汐沼泽的植被生态,我国尚无CRT应用实例。以比利时Schelde河口CRT系统为例,阐明该系统对潮汐频率、植物、潮汐通道、土壤重金属及动物这五个方面的修复效果及优势,其应用经验可为我国河口潮汐栖息地的生态恢复提供行之有效的技术选择。 相似文献
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滨海湿地是地球上生产力最高、生物多样性最丰富的生态系统之一,然而由于强烈的人为活动,滨海湿地遭到严重破坏甚至丧失。滨海湿地退化是世界各国普遍面临的问题,退化滨海湿地生态系统的修复也已成为国际上生态学研究的热点。本文在分析国内外研究进展的基础上,从生态退化诊断、修复目标、修复措施、修复监测、修复成效评估等几个关键问题对滨海湿地生态修复进行了探讨。滨海湿地生态退化诊断主要采用参照系统对比法,即选取退化生态系统干扰前、邻近未受干扰或干扰小、或参考多方面资料而构造的假设生态系统等作为参照进行对比;生态修复最终目标不是简单地恢复生态系统的结构和功能,更重要的是建立一个能自我维持、自我调控或在较少人为辅助下能健康运行的滨海湿地生态系统;生态修复途径包括自然恢复、人工促进生态修复和生态重建,只有在自然恢复不能实现的情况下,才考虑采取人工促进生态修复或生态重建;生态修复监测参数包括结构参数和功能参数,监测覆盖施工前、施工期和施工后全过程;滨海湿地生态修复成效评估需同时考虑生态结构、生态功能及生态服务。目前,我国滨海湿地生态修复尚存在退化机制及恢复机理认识不足;滨海湿地生态修复技术储备不足,关键技术不能满足需求;修复的区域空间尺度较小,系统性和完整性不足,缺乏国家和区域生态修复规划;滨海湿地生态修复后期管理、监测、成效评估不足。为此建议:①注重滨海湿地恢复生态学的基础理论研究;②强调滨海湿地生态修复的系统性、综合性和完整性,推动整体规划、区域统筹、系统修复;③加强典型滨海湿地的生态修复关键技术研发,如红树林生态系统功能恢复和提升技术,海草、盐沼植物等种苗人工繁殖和种植技术,珊瑚有性繁殖技术和珊瑚礁生态系统功能恢复技术等;④注重滨海湿地生态修复的后期管理及公众参与。 相似文献
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随着沿海经济带的开发建设,海洋生态环境承受着巨大压力,湿地、河口、海湾、海岛等重要生态系统面临前所未有的威胁。对海洋生态的保护修复已经迫在眉睫、刻不容缓。文章基于辽宁省海洋资源环境的特征,结合海域开发利用及海洋生态修复现状,探索辽宁省海洋生态修复工作面临的主要问题,并提出生态修复重点及对策建议,截至2017年,累计整治修复岸线长度约140km,整治修复海域面积超过50km~2。辽宁省海洋生态修复工作面临的主要问题有:近岸局部海域水体污染、生态受损;湿地、滩涂面积有缩减趋势;河口生态系统脆弱,生物多样性指数降低;海湾生态功能退化;海岛生态环境失衡。辽宁省应重点开展海湾环境综合治理以及滨海湿地、岸滩、岛礁等整治修复工作。 相似文献
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加大海岸整治修复力度是推进海洋生态文明建设的必然要求。沙坝-潟湖海岸具有典型的生态系统和独特的社会价值,同时也因人类活动受到不同程度破坏,是“蓝色海湾”等整治修复项目的重要对象。文章以辽宁省浮渡河口沙坝-潟湖为例,总结国内外河口沙坝-潟湖主要生态修复思路和方法,提出生态修复过程中沙坝-潟湖受损机制和生态修复评估体系构建两个关键技术问题。在此基础上,为深入推进我国海岸生态保护修复管理和海岸整治修复工程实践,需要做好顶层设计和提升整治修复能力两方面主要工作。 相似文献
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中华白海豚(Sousa chinensis)是国家一级重点保护水生哺乳动物,在我国主要分布于东南沿海的近岸及河口水域。厦门湾是中华白海豚重要栖息地之一,同时也是东南沿海经济较为发达的地区。自改革开放以来,厦门进行了高强度的海洋开发活动,对中华白海豚及其栖息地造成了较大影响。为了保护该物种及其栖息地,厦门市制定了一系列的保护措施,如建立自然保护区、跨区域协同管理、鱼类资源管护与增殖放流等,取得了较好成效。本研究总结了厦门湾中华白海豚所面临的主要威胁,以及为保护中华白海豚及其栖息地所采取的保护措施;分析了目前仍然存在的问题并提出改进建议,如保护区优化调整、加强执法监管、开展栖息地生态修复等,可为厦门湾及其他海域中华白海豚的保护与管理提供参考与借鉴。 相似文献
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珠江磨刀门河口亚潮频率水位的控制论研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文应用现代控制论研究河口非潮汐海平面变化及其与影响要素的关系。两年连续的水位及水文气象要素资料表明,在0.01—0.50cpd的频带上水位有相当高能的波动,这些波动的能量主要直接或间接来自风应力、河流径流以及河口外的海平面波动。本文应用1982年时间序列辨识了五个二阶的MISO CAR模型,系统输出是河口亚潮频率海平面;系统输入是河流人注流量、风应力和气压。模型检验后对1983年亚潮频率海平面进行一步和多步后报,符合良好。系统仿真定量地估计了各控制因素对水位的相对重要性。频域和时域分析都表明河口水位系统具有振荡特性。 相似文献
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粤港澳大湾区作为国家战略，在“推进生态文明建设”方面明确提出了要“打造生态防护屏障”。东莞市滨海湾新区位于大湾区珠江口东岸，是大湾区几何中心和珠江口城市群连接点，规划为未来新城中心，其河口海岸生态修复具有典型意义。文章通过文献综述、资料梳理和规划分析等方法，从东莞滨海湾新区河口海岸自然环境现状出发，在分析其生态环境存在的问题的基础上，提出滨海湾新区应以河口海岸自然环境特征为基础，在保障河口行洪纳潮安全的前提下，对接海陆功能，开展沿海岸线的生态修复工程，打造东莞滨海湾新区“一堤一港一岛一廊多园”的生态海岸带，建设珠江河口“美丽湾区”。建议粤港澳大湾区河口海岸开展生态修复应以安全性为第一要素，因地制宜实施精细化修复，探索岸线异地修复制度，实现以“生态空间”支撑“发展空间”。 相似文献
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为系统推进海岸带生态修复和实现海岸带可持续发展,文章以象山港流域为例,基于国土空间重塑理论和景观生态理论,在陆海统筹视角下构建“本底评估-风险诊断-格局构建-分区修复”的海岸带生态修复分区技术框架,并进行生态修复分区。研究结果表明：象山港流域的生态重要性整体较高,其中林地水体生态系统是核心,约有50%为生态极敏感区域和生态高度敏感区域;12个生态源地通过生态廊道相互连接,呈现“两横一纵”的总体生态安全格局;结合生态安全格局构建、生态重要性和生态敏感性分析以及海洋功能区划,象山港流域可划分为2个等级生态源点、3条生态带、1个恢复区、3个缓冲区、3个保育区和5个修复区,分别开展相关生态修复工程。 相似文献
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S. Jacobs O. Beauchard E. Struyf T. Cox T. Maris P. Meire 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009
Throughout the world, tidal marshes are being restored to obtain natural protection against recurring storm surges and sea level rise and to preserve the resources these habitats provide. Managed realignment, or breaching of the seaward dikes, is a restoration technique increasingly used; yet unsuitable site elevation has been a major constraint to habitat development. Controlled reduced tide (CRT), a new technique to implement tidal regime on low elevated sites, could offer solutions for several problems associated with reconstruction or mitigation of tidal marshes. 相似文献
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Losses of pelagic diatom production resulting from silica limitation have not only been blamed for toxic algal blooms, but for the reduction in ability of coastal food webs to support higher trophic levels. Recent research has shown the importance of advective seepage water fluxes of dissolved silica (DSi) from freshwater marshes to pelagic waters during moments of riverine Si-limitation. In this study, we investigated the potential impact of recently installed new tidal areas along the Schelde estuary, located in former polder areas and characterized by so-called controlled reduced tidal regimes (CRT). Nine mass-balance studies were conducted in a newly constructed CRT in the freshwater Schelde estuary. During complete tidal cycles both DSi and amorphous silica (ASi) concentrations were monitored at the entrance culverts and in different habitats in the marsh. A swift DSi-delivery capacity was observed despite the shifted spatiotemporal frame of exchange processes compared to reference marshes. As silica-accumulating vegetation is not yet present, and difference with reference marshes’ deliveries is surprisingly small, we indicate diatomaceous debris and phytoliths to be the main silica source. Although further research is necessary on the driving forces of the different processes involved, restoration of former agricultural areas under CRT-regime provide the potential to buffer silica in the estuary. 相似文献
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Tidal variation in a rocky inter‐tidal fish population: the case of white seabream Diplodus sargus juveniles 
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下载免费PDF全文 Ana Ribeiro Gonçalves Liliana de Sousa Pedro Duarte‐Coelho Vitor Carvalho Almada 《Marine Ecology》2015,36(4):1468-1471
The rocky inter‐tidal habitat is a harsh and fluctuating environment, subject to frequent disturbances. Field observations of juvenile white seabream Diplodus sargus in inter‐tidal rocky habitats were conducted to analyse the spatial distribution and feeding activity of this species in relation to the tidal cycle. The depth at which fish were observed did not change in most tidal phases while feeding activity changed with tidal level, showing the occurrence of tidal migrations and that feeding may be limited by habitat availability in shallow waters and thus be dependent on tidal changes. The present results show the exploitation of available feeding areas in the rocky inter‐tidal by juvenile white seabream, which corroborates the importance of these habitats for the first developmental stages of this fish species. 相似文献
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Spatial, environmental, and material resources are important for tidal flats and wetlands, thus, a harmonious balance between utilization and protection should be maintained. In the present study, the concept of tidal flat is defined, and its spatial limitation is also clarified. Located at the Yangtze Estuary, tidal flats in Shanghai area are selected for study. The relationship between water discharge and sediment transport of the Yangtze River, allowed exploration intensity and needs for wetland protection are discussed in the paper. The dynamic process and changing trend for different types of tidal flats are illustrated in detail. Regulations are proposed for a reasonable exploitation, dynamic protection, and ecosystem restoration of each individual tidal fiat and wetland. Some valuable suggestions are put forward for further study about the sustain＇able exploitation of offshore resources in Shanghai area. 相似文献
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潮汐变形是近岸潮汐的一个基本特征,潮汐不对称的判断及量化是一个重要的研究内容。传统的判别方法是通过M2分潮与其倍潮(M4、M6等)以及分潮K1、O1和M2等的相对振幅和相对相位实现。这些方法主要基于满足特定关系的分潮组的调和常数计算,不易应用于研究潮汐不对称在不同时间尺度的变化。针对正规半日潮海域,通过对潮汐不对称的分解,对潮汐不对称在一个涨落潮过程中的产生及量化进行了探讨。研究认为,近岸潮汐一个涨落过程的历时随潮汐过程变化,在一个涨落潮过程中,近岸的潮汐不对称不仅来自于M2分潮及其倍潮或K1、O1和M2等满足一定频率关系的分潮波组合,M2分潮与任何分潮叠加均可能导致涨落潮过程的不对称及其类型的潮间转换。潮汐不对称的大小与所选分潮与M2分潮的相位、振幅之间的关系密切。给出的潮汐不对称分解方法在正规半日潮海域具有一定的适用性,能够将不同分潮对潮汐不对称的贡献进行分离。但对于相对振幅大于1/2的分潮,此分解方法尚需进一步研究。 相似文献
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Jong-Kuk Choi Hyun-Joo Oh Bon Joo Koo Joo-Hyung Ryu Saro Lee 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011
The purpose of this study was to apply probabilistic models to the mapping of the potential polychaeta habitat area in the Hwangdo tidal flat, Korea. Remote sensing techniques were used to construct spatial datasets of ecological environments and field observations were carried out to determine the distribution of macrobenthos. Habitat potential mapping was achieved for two polychaeta species, Prionospio japonica and Prionospio pulchra, and eight control factors relating to the tidal macrobenthos distribution were selected. These included the intertidal digital elevation model (DEM), slope, aspect, tidal exposure duration, distance from tidal channels, tidal channel density, spectral reflectance of the near infrared (NIR) bands and surface sedimentary facies from satellite imagery. The spatial relationships between the polychaeta species and each control factor were calculated using a frequency ratio and weights-of-evidence combined with geographic information system (GIS) data. The species were randomly divided into a training set (70%) to analyze habitat potential using frequency ratio and weights-of-evidence, and a test set (30%) to verify the predicted habitat potential map. The relationships were overlaid to produce a habitat potential map with a polychaeta habitat potential (PHP) index value. These maps were verified by comparing them to surveyed habitat locations such as the verification data set. For the verification results, the frequency ratio model showed prediction accuracies of 77.71% and 74.87% for P. japonica and P. pulchra, respectively, while those for the weights-of-evidence model were 64.05% and 62.95%. Thus, the frequency ratio model provided a more accurate prediction than the weights-of-evidence model. Our data demonstrate that the frequency ratio and weights-of-evidence models based upon GIS analysis are effective for generating habitat potential maps of polychaeta species in a tidal flat. The results of this study can be applied towards conservation and management initiatives for the macrofauna of tidal flats. 相似文献
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青岛近海潮流沉积体系 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
通过分析钻孔和浅地层剖面资料,研究了胶州湾及青岛前海潮流沉积体系。该体系包括大沽河-洋河潮控三角洲和与狭口海湾密切相关的涨、落潮流三角洲,潮流作用在各三角洲的形成过程中为主要的沉积动力。前者发育在湾西侧,形成了河口沙坝和分流间湾等沉积相;后者分布在湾口两侧,以潮道和潮流沙脊为主要特征。根据对各沉积相特征的分析,认为潮流沉积体系的演化已整体趋于稳定。 相似文献
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渤海西南部海域潮流数值计算 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用二维有限差分解法对渤海西南部海域进行潮流数值模拟,得出M_2分潮的潮波图,椭圆长短轴图,最大流速分布和不同时刻的潮流场图,并根据实测资料对其进行了验证。从而可系统地了解这一海区M_2分潮的潮波系统及逐时潮流场等海洋要素的分布情况。 相似文献
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2008年8—9月份吕宋海峡西南侧锚定ADCP的斜压海流观测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2008年8月份在吕宋海峡西侧大约4000m深的海域首次布放了两套深水潜标，对上层海洋进行了为期一个月的高频率ADCP海流采样。对数据进行了多重处理，分解得到平均流和逐层潮流，并分析了具有斜压性海流的频率分布。调和分析结果表明，该海域以不规则日周期潮流为主，潮流椭圆随深度旋转。海流的功率谱分析表明，内潮能量在温跃层附近最大，并随深度减小，同时海流有明显的近惯性振荡信号。该观测为了解吕宋海峡深层海洋的潮流、近惯性运动以及海峡水交换提供了第一手的资料。 相似文献