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东海外陆架晚第四纪若干沉积学问题的研究现状与展望 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
我国东海陆架尤其外陆架的晚第四纪沉积地层、古河道沉积与下切河谷充填沉积、潮流沙脊沉积研究等已经取得较多研究成果,综述已有的研究认识和关键科学问题,讨论地层研究中的氧同位素2期和4期地层划分出现的争议、不同的地层演化模式以及与之紧密相关的末次冰盛期古河道的存在与演化、东海陆架冰后期潮流沙脊成因研究中存在的不同观点,提出未来东海外陆架晚第四纪沉积学研究的思路和工作展望。 相似文献
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中国陆架潮流沉积体系和模式 总被引：27，自引：1，他引：26
在1991年中法合作渤海潮流沉积研究的基础上,查阅了国内外有关研究成果,分析了中国陆架的水深地形、沉积地貌与潮流动力的关系,认为潮流对中国陆架的海底地貌和沉积的形成发育起了主导作用。当潮流流速大于3节时,潮流的侵蚀作用是主要的,往复潮流多形成冲刷深槽,大大刷深了海峡或水道。当潮流流速1－3节时,潮流的沉积作用是主要的,多形成浅滩,即潮流沙脊和潮流沙席。以M2分潮椭率绝对值0．4为界,大于0．久者意味着潮流旋转性强,多形成潮流沙席;小于0．4者意味着潮流往复性强,多形成潮流沙脊。提出了我国邻近陆架发育了5个现代潮流沉积地貌体系：（1）黄海东部潮流沉积体系,它由西朝鲜湾潮流沙脊和其南部的沙席两者组成;（2）渤海东部潮流沉积体系,它由老铁山水道冲刷槽,辽东浅滩沙脊和渤中浅滩沙席三者组成;（3）长江口外潮流沉积体系,它由江苏滨外潮流沙脊和长江口浅滩潮流沙席组成;（4）台湾滨外潮流沉积体系,它由台湾海峡冲刷槽、台湾浅滩沙脊、澎湖水道冲刷槽和台中浅滩沙席四者组成;（5）琼州海峡潮流沉积体系,它由琼州海峡冲刷槽、东浅滩沙脊和西浅滩沙脊三者组成。此外,在东海陆架上还有冰后期海侵早期形成的残留潮流沉积体系。全新世陆架浅海潮流沉积模式可分海峡一浅 相似文献
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东海陆架冰后期潮流沙脊地貌与内部结构特征 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
东海陆架以宽平的地形、充分的陆源沉积物供应、快速沉降和强动力场为特征，中外陆架发育大规模潮流沙脊地貌。潮流沙脊走向大致为NW—SE向分布，与区域潮流主方向一致或成较小交角。东海陆架冰后期潮流沙脊以不对称横剖面为特征，陡坡倾向SW。沙脊内部发育典型的高角度前积斜层理，倾向与沙脊横剖面陡坡方向一致。这些斜层理可以划分为高达4组不同特征的组合，分别代表潮流沙脊发育的不同阶段，对应于冰后期海平面上升的不同时期。东海陆架潮流沙脊主体形成于冰后期海侵阶段，目前仍然受到陆架潮流场的影响，沙脊顶部为再沉积活动层。 相似文献
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中国沿海很多陆架受潮流水动力的控制,发育了沙脊、沙席和沙波(沙丘)等潮流沉积地貌。闽江河口外首次发现有潮流沙脊群,沙脊群由数条大小不一呈SW—NE向的线状沙脊体组成,局部沙脊连片成为浅滩,相邻沙脊间为侵蚀沟槽,形成脊槽相间排列的地貌形态,沙脊东南翼较西北翼陡,表明沙脊有向东南方向迁移的趋势。通过对沙脊群和闽江口水下三角洲地形地貌、沉积物以及潮流场环境特征的综合分析,认为闽江口外潮流沙脊群是以古闽江口三角洲物质为基础,在全新世海侵过程中,沙脊群区处于近岸河口湾环境下发育,并在现代水动力的作用下形成与潮流方向相吻合的地貌体。 相似文献
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基于高分辨率的单道地震和多波束测深数据，识别并对比了东海陆架中部同一海区相距20余万年的层U14和层U2两期沙脊群，其中层U14期沙脊属于埋藏沙脊，位于东海海底以下90 m深处，推测属于距今320~200 ka的海侵体系域(TST)，沙脊顶界面是该期海侵的最大洪泛面(MFS)；层U2期沙脊位于东海陆架，属于衰退沙脊，系末次盛冰期(LGM)以来的TST，顶界面是LGM以来的MFS。尽管两期沙脊形成年代相距20余万年，地层层位相距近90 m，但是沙脊群总体走向一致，表明距今2×105 a以来东海陆架潮波基本格局稳定。从层U2期可识别出4个亚期沙脊，通过多波束海底地形图可识别出4组走向的沙脊，多亚期、多走向沙脊是LGM以来海平面阶梯状波动在海底地形演变过程中的响应证据。 相似文献
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基于高分辨率的单道地震和多波束测深数据,识别并对比了东海陆架中部同一海区相距20余万年的层U14和层U2两期沙脊群,其中层U14期沙脊属于埋藏沙脊,位于东海海底以下90m深处,推测属于距今320~200ka的海侵体系域(TST),沙脊顶界面是该期海侵的最大洪泛面(MFS);层U2期沙脊位于东海陆架,属于衰退沙脊,系末次盛冰期(LGM)以来的TST,顶界面是LGM以来的MFS。尽管两期沙脊形成年代相距20余万年,地层层位相距近90m,但是沙脊群总体走向一致,表明距今2×105/a以来东海陆架潮波基本格局稳定。从层U2期可识别出4个亚期沙脊,通过多波束海底地形图可识别出4组走向的沙脊,多亚期、多走向沙脊是LGM以来海平面阶梯状波动在海底地形演变过程中的响应证据。 相似文献
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东海海底沙脊的结构及沉积环境 总被引：20，自引：1，他引：20
杨文达 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2002,22(1):9-14
东海中南部海底分布广泛的脊槽状也形引起了人们广泛关注，有关文献称之谓全新世海进期的潮流沙脊；但对于沙脊的内部结构及其沉积环境序列、沙脊的活动性等问题，尚无明确结论。根据地震剖面和钻孔柱状资料，对沙脊体的地层结构、沉积环境和沉积时代进行了研究，认为海底沙脊群属于退期三角洲沉积体系，目前已被冰后期海进形成的已改造的陆架席状砂所覆盖，且不存在消脊迁移的迹象。 相似文献
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以南黄海江苏岸外辐射沙脊群为对象,基于已验证的该区域沉积动力学数值模型模拟近30 a(1979~2011年)的水下地形演化,计算辐射沙脊区域海底地形年际变化标准偏差,对沙脊和水道的地貌稳定性进行定量评估。研究发现,地形变化标准偏差愈小,地貌愈稳定;标准偏差愈高,地貌愈不稳定。定量地确定了南黄海辐射沙脊区域内沙脊与水道稳定性系数的时空分布,发现主要淤积区域位于沙脊周围,近岸沙洲有淤高的趋势;主要侵蚀区位于水道,沙脊间水道逐渐冲刷加深,如西洋水道和黄沙洋水道。本研究提出的基于海底地形年际变化标准偏差确定地貌稳定性评估方法,可为海岸陆架地貌稳定性研究、区域资源开发和环境保护等提供参考。 相似文献
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东海陆架中北部沉积物粒度特征及其沉积环境 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
通过对东海陆架表层沉积物粒级组成、粒度参数、14C年龄和微体古生物组合的综合分析,绘制了东海陆架的沉积物类型分布图;运用Folk等(1970)沉积物分类方法将东海表层沉积物分成砂、粉砂、粉砂质砂、砂质粉砂、砂质泥5种类型,其中粉砂质砂分布最广,砂质泥分布最少;沉积物由陆向海粒度变粗,反映沉积过程中的物源和沉积动力控制作用。根据沉积环境及成因分析,可将东海陆架沉积分为3类:分别是长江口外席状砂沉积区、现代泥质沉积区和陆架中部砂质沉积区。长江口外砂质沉积是全新世冰消期晚期潮流作用及风暴潮流共同作用的产物,是高海平面以来太平洋潮波系统作用下的潮流沙沉积,沙波地貌仍在发生变化。现代泥质沉积区包括长江前三角洲沉积、浙闽沿岸流沉积和济州岛西南泥质沉积三个区域,不同沉积区的成因机制不同。陆架中部砂质沉积是末次冰盛期之后海侵作用下发育的砂质沉积物,在海侵的不同阶段中沉积物被冲刷改造,具有不等时性特征,沉积环境与现代陆架海洋环流的动力特征不一致,现代沉积作用较弱,仅接受悬浮体细粒沉积。 相似文献
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Comparison of buried sand ridges and regressive sand ridges on the outer shelf of the East China Sea 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Ziyin Wu Xianglong Jin Jieqiong Zhou Dineng Zhao Jihong Shang Shoujun Li Zhenyi Cao Yuyang Liang 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2017,38(1-2):187-198
Based on multi-beam echo soundings and high-resolution single-channel seismic profiles, linear sand ridges in U14 and U2 on the East China Sea (ECS) shelf are identified and compared in detail. Linear sand ridges in U14 are buried sand ridges, which are 90 m below the seafloor. It is presumed that these buried sand ridges belong to the transgressive systems tract (TST) formed 320–200 ka ago and that their top interface is the maximal flooding surface (MFS). Linear sand ridges in U2 are regressive sand ridges. It is presumed that these buried sand ridges belong to the TST of the last glacial maximum (LGM) and that their top interface is the MFS of the LGM. Four sub-stage sand ridges of U2 are discerned from the high-resolution single-channel seismic profile and four strikes of regressive sand ridges are distinguished from the submarine topographic map based on the multi-beam echo soundings. These multi-stage and multi-strike linear sand ridges are the response of, and evidence for, the evolution of submarine topography with respect to sea-level fluctuations since the LGM. Although the difference in the age of formation between U14 and U2 is 200 ka and their sequences are 90 m apart, the general strikes of the sand ridges are similar. This indicates that the basic configuration of tidal waves on the ECS shelf has been stable for the last 200 ka. A basic evolutionary model of the strata of the ECS shelf is proposed, in which sea-level change is the controlling factor. During the sea-level change of about 100 ka, five to six strata are developed and the sand ridges develop in the TST. A similar story of the evolution of paleo-topography on the ECS shelf has been repeated during the last 300 ka. 相似文献
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南黄海陆架沙脊的形成与演变 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：11
张光威 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》1991,11(2):25-35
本文在对水深较大的滨外沙脊区钻孔、柱状样岩心详细观察的基础上,综合分析已有资料,并对该区浅地震地层剖面和水下沙脊的卫片进行了解译,提出南黄海陆架沙脊最早的形成年代为距今4000年,而现代的潮流沙脊形成于距今2000年以来的最近时期,潮流沙脊是在海面稳定、强潮流发育和大量物质供给的条件下形成和发展的,潮流沙脊的沉积物主要来自黄河和淮河;现代滨外沙脊具有向西北方向迁移、纵向延伸长度不断萎缩的动态演化特征。 相似文献
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福建沿海强潮河口闽江口和九龙江口外均发育有一定规模的线状沉积沙体,通过多波束调查采集数据和浅剖、沉积物资料的分析,对此类沙体特征进行研究,初步认为其为潮流沙脊。结果表明:在平面分布上,闽江口外潮流沙脊走向近SW-NE向,沙脊局部连片;九龙江口外沙脊走向近ENEWSW向,沙脊末端有分叉现象。分析现代海洋环境作用并结合沙脊规模、水深和河口相对关系的研究显示,沙脊主体规模基本稳定,现代水动力仅对沙脊表面有改造作用。在潮流、波浪和近岸余流的共同作用下沙脊脊顶部略显平滑,两翼坡度较缓,其沉积物组成以粒度较粗的古河口砂质浅滩砂为主,沉积主体为全新世海平面上升时期,近岸河口环境的古水下三角洲遭受潮流侵蚀而成。 相似文献
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东海和凯尔特海潮流沙脊的对比研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
东海潮流沙脊与凯尔特海沙脊均为开阔陆架上的大型深水沙脊，它们都形成在冰后期海面上升时期。目前仍然经受现代潮流和风暴浪的作用，具有一定的活动性，处于活动沙脊和衰亡沙脊之间的发育过程，属于准活动沙脊。与东海比较，凯尔特海的动力作用更强。东海沙脊横剖面大多呈向西南方向倾斜的前积层理，偶见波浪侵蚀面，反映以潮流作用为主形成的沙脊内部结构的特点；凯尔特海沙脊剖面呈现复杂的交错层理，内部有较多的波浪侵蚀面，这是潮流和波浪共同作用形成的沙脊内部结构的特点。 相似文献
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Tidal sand bars and tidal sand ridges are extensively developed in the macrotidal Gulf of Khambhat, offshore western India. The inner and outer regions of the gulf are characterised by the development distinct tidal sand bodies with discrete geometries and dimensions. The outer gulf ridges are long, narrow, curvilinear and several metres high (∼20 m). They are asymmetric in cross-section and migratory in nature, forming ‘ribbon’ like sand bodies separated by tidal channels. Active dunes on these ridges indicate the presence of sand and their orientation parallel to palaeo-shorelines supports a tidal origin. In contrast to the outer gulf tidal sand ridges, sand bars associated with macrotidal estuaries flanking the Gulf of Khambhat typically have an elongate to diamond shape and are only hundreds of metres in width and a few kilometres length. These tidal sand bars occur in the estuary mouths and within the tidally influenced fluvial reaches of the rivers flowing into the gulf. The height of these sand bars is in the range ∼1–3 m. Due to high tidal ranges and bi-directional flow the sand bars do not develop significant height and are formed between the mutually evasive ebb and flow channels. Their bi-directional foresets and the presence of abundant mud drapes associated with the dunes within in-channel sand bars indicate a tidal origin.The Gulf of Khambhat acquired the present configuration in the last few thousand years since the Pleistocene sea-level lowstand (last glacial maximum, ∼18 ka) when the entire continental shelf was subaerially exposed and rivers down-cut into the coastal plain. With increasing sea-level rise, the exposed shelf was drowned, flooding parts of the Modern western Indian peninsula, and large tidal sand ridges formed in the outer gulf. After the fall of sea-level at 2 ka the gulf acquired the Modern configuration with multiple estuaries on both coastlines, rivers supplied the embayment with sandy sediment, and tidal sand bars formed in the Modern estuaries.Quantitative data gathered from the Modern Gulf of Khambhat indicates that for the P50 case, a vertical drill hole will encounter tidal sand bodies (ridges and bars combined) of approximate dimensions 1700 m long, 470 m wide and 1.5 m high, with a spacing of 400 m. In subsurface hydrocarbon reservoirs, where data is sparse and only limited amount of core is available, this quantitative dataset can be useful to constrain subsurface geocellular models. Also, the overall geometry, distribution and aspect ratio of the tidal sand ridges and tidal sand bars can be used to identify ancient counterparts through seismic geomorphology or in core. 相似文献
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Donald J.P. Swift 《Marine Geology》1975,18(3):105-133
In 1963, Off defined a bedform type which he described as rhythmic linear sand bodies caused by tidal currents. He figured twelve examples from around the world. Since then, the morphology and dynamics of sand transport in one of these areas, the tidal shelf seas around Great Britain, have undergone intensive study. The tidal sand ridges emerge as anomalies, in that they do not fit into the sequence of morphologic provinces which characterize the major sediment transport paths.It is suggested here that the ridge fields are analogous to the shoal-retreat massifs of the Middle Atlantic Bight in that they have been inherited from a nearshore regime during the course of the Holocene transgression. Shoal-retreat massifs are low, broad, shelf-transverse sand bodies which mark the retreat paths of coastal depocenters associated with littoral drift convergences. Two main types of shoal-retreat massifs in the Middle Atlantic Bight are: (1) estuarine shoal-retreat massifs; and (2) cape shoal-retreat massifs.Two similar classes of shoal-retreat massifs may develop in tidal shelf seas, but the mechanism is somewhat different. Class-1 tidal massifs are tidal ridge fields whose ridges were hydraulically packaged in an estuarine environment. If, upon transgression, they find themselves in a broad tidal bight which continues to funnel tidal flow, the ridges may survive for long distances out into the bight. The ridge fields of the Southern Bight of the North Sea may have undergone such an evolution.Class-2 tidal massifs occur off promontories in tidal seas that are swept by the edge waves generated by amphidromic tidal systems. Here the debris of shoreface erosion tends to be stored as shoreface-connected, tide-maintained ridges. Such ridges are also pre-adapted to survive with modification for long distances out on the associated shelf, as the water column deepens during a marine transgression. 相似文献