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1.
为了解栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)、虾夷扇贝(Patinopecten yessoensis)及其杂交子代(F1)的种群遗传多样性和遗传结构,对3个群体的线粒体COI和Cytb基因的部分序列进行了扩增和分析。经比对分别获得781bp和725bp核苷酸片段,74个样本共检测到47个单倍型;F1群体的单倍型数、单倍型多样性指数、核苷酸多样性及平均核苷酸差异数都是最高的,而双亲的较低;F1和栉孔扇贝间的遗传距离最小,其次为栉孔扇贝和虾夷扇贝群体之间,F1和虾夷扇贝群体之间的遗传距离最大;F1和栉孔扇贝之间的遗传分化系数较小而两者间的基因流比较大,F1和栉孔扇贝与虾夷扇贝之间的遗传分化系数较大而基因流较小,说明栉孔扇贝和虾夷扇贝群体群体很早就发生了遗传分化;采用UPGMA法和简化的中介网络法构建的系统树表明,3个群体的所有个体被分为2个族群,栉孔扇贝和F1交叉聚为一类,虾夷扇贝独自聚为一类,2个分支间没有交叉;使用特异性引物分别对3个群体进行PCR扩增检验,结果栉孔扇贝的特异引物能在杂交子代中扩增,而虾夷扇贝的特异引物不能在子代中扩增出条带,说明栉孔扇贝和虾夷扇贝杂交,其子代的线粒体遗传模式为严格的母系遗传。本研究结果表明杂种优势的形成与线粒体遗传多样性的变化有关。  相似文献   

2.
通过对栉孔扇贝、华贵栉孔扇贝及其两者的种间杂交子代、种内交配子代的ISSR标记分析,研究了4种子代群体之间以及子代群体与共享亲本个体间的遗传关系。使用3组ISSR引物,得到清晰的扩增位点169个,平均多态位点检出率66.44%。分析结果显示:杂交子代个体中具有来自父母本的扩增位点,表明杂交子代确为杂种;杂交子代群体不仅具有较高的遗传多样性,而且在与亲本个体和其他子代群体间的遗传关系上表现出与种内交配子代的明显差异;另外杂交子代与2种亲本的遗传关系上并不对等,表现出明显的倾向性,更加偏向于母本一方。  相似文献   

3.
应用MSAP技术研究扇贝全基因组DNA甲基化水平   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
DNA甲基化作为真核生物基因组重要的表观遗传学修饰,对生物体基因的表达有重要的调控作用。为获得扇贝基因组DNA甲基化修饰水平及模式等表观遗传学信息,以栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)、海湾扇贝(Argopecten irradians)、虾夷扇贝(Mizuhopecten yessoensis)以及本课题组培育的"海大金贝"为材料,建立了甲基化敏感扩增多态性方法(Methylation-sensitive amplified polymorphism,MSAP)的反应体系,利用该方法对其基因组DNA CCGG区域的甲基化水平进行分析。结果表明,本研究筛选得到的引物组合可用于贝类DNA甲基化的研究,在栉孔扇贝、海湾扇贝、普通虾夷扇贝和"海大金贝"的甲基化比例分别为32.08%、25.99%、32.88%和34.97%。几种扇贝基因组CCGG序列中,胞嘧啶的全甲基化率要高于半甲基化率,推测扇贝基因组中主要的甲基化模式是CpG型。通过对"海大金贝"和普通虾夷扇贝闭壳肌甲基化谱进行比较,筛查得到46个差异位点,这些位点可能参与"海大金贝"闭壳肌积累类胡萝卜素的调控。  相似文献   

4.
采用新型的分子标记技术(Sequence-related amplified polymorphism,简称SRAP)对栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)(♀)×虾夷扇贝(Patinopecten yessoensis)(♂)子一代及其双亲的遗传变异进行分析.从不同的引物组合中筛选出9对条带清晰、多态性丰富的组合,9对引物共产生了121条扩增带,其中多态性条带107条,平均每对引物组合产生11.89条多态标记.Shannon信息指数I分别为0.299 9、0.218 9、0.334 3,Nei's基因多样性指数h分别是0.196 4、0.141 1、0.218 9,栉孔扇贝与杂交后代的遗传距离是0.107 4,虾夷扇贝与杂交后代的遗传距离是0.228 7,聚类分析也显示了这一特点.从变异贡献率来看,3个群体的总变异中,有37.31%的变异来源于群体间,62.69%的变异来源于个体间.  相似文献   

5.
几何形态学(morphometrics)是基于笛卡尔地标点的统计分析方法,主要运用广义普鲁克分析(GPA)、薄板样条分析(TPS)、主成分分析(PCA)、典型变量分析(CVA)等方法,定量的对形态变化进行识别,结果更为客观。本研究运用几何形态学方法对8种常见扇贝(栉孔扇贝Azumapecten farreri、虾夷盘扇贝Mizuhopecten yessoensis、海湾扇贝Argopecten irradians、平濑掌扇贝Volachlamys hirasei、北海道扇贝Swiftopecten swiftii、荣套扇贝Gloripallium pallium、华贵类栉孔扇贝Mimachlamys nobilis、美丽环扇贝Annachlamys striatula)间形态关系进行研究,运用界标点和半界标点对扇贝的壳盘和壳耳进行数字化标点,利用PCA、CVA、TPS方法,获得8种扇贝的形态差异并进一步分析,建立系统发育树。PCA和CVA分析结果表明可以通过几何形态测量学分析方法将8种扇贝基于形态差异进行有效区分。此外,结合TPS的分析结果,发现壳耳和壳盘在扇贝中具有种间规律性差异。通过其形态分异进行表型聚类,从结果可知:美丽环扇贝、虾夷盘扇贝和海湾扇贝距离较近,壳型有共同的特征:扇贝壳盘较椭圆,壳耳相对较小;荣套扇贝和华贵类栉孔扇贝距离较近,壳型有共同的特征:扇贝壳盘更扁平,前耳相对较大;北海道扇贝、平濑掌扇贝和栉孔扇贝与其他种类没有交集。在聚类过程中,华贵类栉孔扇贝和荣套扇贝有交集,10个标本混淆,其他标本均成功聚类,正确率为95.5%。  相似文献   

6.
本文指出栉孔扇贝干贝氨基酸含量较高,次于虾夷扇贝,高于海湾扇贝。其氨基酸的含量与个体大小成反比。在软体部中以闭壳肌的氨基酸含量最高:闭壳肌的平滑肌的氨基酸含量高于横纹肌。从分析栉孔扇贝的17种氨基酸中以谷氨酸含量最高。栉孔扇贝外套膜和内脏块均含有相当量的氨基酸,可加以利用  相似文献   

7.
栉孔扇贝×虾夷扇贝的杂交技术   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
以栉孔扇贝与虾夷扇贝为实验材料,进行了两者之间自交和栉孔扇贝♀×虾夷扇贝♂和虾夷扇贝♀×栉孔扇贝♂的杂交的实验。实验结果表明:两者的杂交是可行的,在幼虫阶段表现出一定的生长优势,幼虫成活率间没有差异,但在幼虫附着变态方面,杂交组低于自交组,两者之间有明显的差异。然后以具有生长优势的栉孔扇贝♀×虾夷扇贝♂组进行了生产性育苗实验,取得明显的经济效益。  相似文献   

8.
应用元素分析和稳定同位素质谱联用技术(EA-IRMS)对中国北方不同养殖地区的虾夷扇贝(Patinopecten yessoensis)、栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)和海湾扇贝(Argopecten irradians)闭壳肌的碳、氮稳定同位素进行了测定,分析3种养殖扇贝的碳、氮稳定同位素组成特征。结果显示,青岛和獐子岛虾夷扇贝闭壳肌的?13C和?15N均差异性显著,长岛和旅顺栉孔扇贝闭壳肌的?15N差异性显著,莱州、牟平和旅顺海湾扇贝闭壳肌的?13C和?15N均差异性显著。闭壳肌的碳、氮稳定同位素组成能有效区分不同产地来源的3种养殖扇贝。  相似文献   

9.
本研究应用 AFLP 分子标记技术,对紫扇贝(Argopecten purpuratu, PP)、海湾扇贝(Argopecten irradians, II)、正交子一代(紫扇贝♀×海湾扇贝♂, PI)及反交子一代(海湾扇贝♀×紫扇贝♂, IP)群体的遗传结构进行了分析和比较。用5对AFLP引物扩增得到433个位点,其中多态位点为88.45%;正反交子代中的扩增位点大部分(97.23%)来源于紫扇贝和海湾扇贝;扩增中出现了非孟德尔遗传位点,如紫扇贝和海湾扇贝的部分扩增位点在杂交子代中丢失,正反交子代中出现12个紫扇贝和海湾扇贝中没有的扩增位点;通过多态位点比率、Nei’ s基因多样性、香农式多样性指数、遗传距离和AMOVA分析发现,正反杂交子代之间的遗传分化最小,与紫扇贝和海湾扇贝的遗传分化均显著。  相似文献   

10.
EST(表达序列标签)数据库发掘是单核苷酸多态性标记(SNP)开发的重要途径。本研究利用栉孔扇贝转录组测序数据进行SNP筛选,在含有4条EST以上的18 780条contig(拼接序列)中,共获得21 813个候选SNP位点。利用高分辨率熔解曲线结合非标记探针技术,对其中90个位点在4个野生群体中进行了位点多态性检测。得到33个(36.7%)具有二等位基因位点,并对其中26个位点进行了功能注释。进一步的标记验证显示,33个多态位点在青岛野生群体的48个个体中均成功分型,其观测杂合度Ho和期望杂合度He的分布范围分别为0.062 5~0.744 7和0.099 8~0.504 6,其中5个位点偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡,各位点间没有检测到连锁不平衡。研究为栉孔扇贝群体遗传学和遗传育种分析提供了候选标记。  相似文献   

11.
The AFLP (amplified fragrnent length polymorphism)technique was used to analyse the genetic diversity in four scallop species, Patinopecten yessoensis, A rgopecten irradians, Chlamys nobilis and C. farreri. The genetic similarity indexes of these four species are 0.8415, 0.7863, 0.7190 and 0.6731, while Shannon diversity indexes are 43.52, 58.87, 80.16 and 92.83, respectively. As analyzed, the genetic diversities in two native species, i.e., C, farreri and C. nobilis, are higher than those in other two introduced species, A. irradians and P. yessoensis. The results also showed that C. nobilis and C, farreri shared the most common loci. The genetic distance indicated that C. nobilis and C. farreri are closely related. Moreover, out of 510 AFLP markers, 21 specific bands are found to distinguish the four species scallops and these markers may be applied to the specific germplasm characterization and molecular assistant classification in scallops.  相似文献   

12.
本研究建立了一种高效、经济的非损伤性扇贝DNA提取方法,在不影响扇贝个体生存状态的前提下,采用擦拭法和室温裂解相结合的方式在20 min内即可获得个体基因组DNA。以虾夷扇贝(Patinopecten yessoensis)、栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)和海湾扇贝(Argopecten irradians)为实验对象,研究了不同擦拭材料(棉签、滤纸)和不同擦拭部位(外套膜、鳃丝、内脏团)的核酸提取效果,评估了本方法在贝类基因分型领域应用的可行性。研究表明,用棉签、滤纸2种材料擦拭扇贝的鳃丝、内脏团或外套膜组织均能获得主带清晰完整的基因组DNA,且不影响扇贝的存活状态。在3种扇贝中采用棉签擦拭法的DNA得率均高于滤纸法,以这2种方式获得的DNA为模板进行SSR和SNP标记分析,能获得均一稳定的扩增条带,SSR标记分型结果准确可靠。本研究建立了简便、快速进行扇贝基因型分析的非损伤性DNA提取方法,为贝类全基因组选育和珍稀贝类资源的种质保护开发提供了新的技术手段。  相似文献   

13.
The ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region is a useful genomic region for understanding evolutionary and genetic relationships. In the current study, the molecular phylogenetic analysis of Pectinidae (Mollusca: Bivalvia) was performed using the nucleotide sequences of the nuclear ITS region in nine species of this family. The sequences were obtained from the scallop species Argopecten irradians, Mizuhopecten yessoensis, Amusium pleuronectes and Mimachlamys nobilis, and compared with the published sequences of Aequipecten opercularis, Chlamys farreri, C. distorta, M. varia, Pecten maximus, and an outgroup species Perna viridis. The molecular phylogenetic tree was constructed by the neighbor-joining and maximum parsimony methods. Phylogenetic analysis based on ITS1, ITS2, or their combination always yielded trees of similar topology. The results support the morphological classifications of bivalve and are nearly consistent with classification of two subfamilies (Chlamydinae and Pectininae) formulated by Waller. However, A. irradians, together with A. opercularis made up of genera Amusium, evidences that they may belong to the subfamily Pectinidae. The data are incompatible with the conclusion of Waller who placed them in Chlamydinae by morphological characteristics. These results provide new insights into the evolutionary relationships among scallop species and contribute to the improvement of existing classification systems.  相似文献   

14.
The identification of scallop larvae is essential to understand the population structure and community dynamics and to assess the potential environmental impacts caused by scallop larvae released or escaped. However, the larvae identification by morphological characteristics is notoriously difficult, mainly due to the small size (usually being less than 150 μm) and vague morphological characteristics among different scallop species. A simple and accurate molecular method was developed to identify four economically farmed scallop species, the Zhikong scallop Chlamys farreri, the noble scallop C. nobilis, the bay scallop Argopecten irradians and the Yesso scallop Mizuhopecten yessoensis. The tests used the high degree of species-specific microsatellite markers, which was specified by transferability analyses, assessed by reference individuals and evaluated by BLAST searches. The sensitivity test indicated that the species-specific microsatellites were sensitive enough for the detection of 1% -2% larvae in mixed plankton samples. Larvae collected from scallop hatcheries and their effluents and from the artificially controlled crosses were well identified to the species/hybrid level. The results demonstrated that the one-step PCR-based assay was technically simple, inexpensive and robust in identification analyses, and also less sensitive to initial quality of template DNA extracted from the ethanol-preserved samples for several years.  相似文献   

15.
紫扇贝与海湾扇贝种间杂交的研究   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
为推动中国扇贝养殖业的进一步发展,作者于2008年从秘鲁引进了紫扇贝(Argopecten purpuratus),尝试将紫扇贝与海湾扇贝(Argopecten purpuratus)进行杂交,以期培育出具有优势性状的杂交子代.利用引进的紫扇贝与海湾扇贝进行种间杂交,培育出紫扇贝(雌)×海湾扇贝(雄)杂交扇贝.实验证明紫扇贝的卵子与海湾扇贝的精子可正常受精,受精卵发育正常.杂交扇贝的生长速度在幼虫阶段和成体阶段均快于海湾扇贝.至收获时,杂交贝比海湾扇贝平均壳高、壳长和壳宽分别大27.3%,25.2%和19.3%,体质量增加107.0%,杂种优势明显.  相似文献   

16.
Cytogenetic analysis was performed for the bay scallop(Argopecten irradians Lamarck 1819) and the Japanese scallop(Patinopecten yessoensis Jay 1857) by primed in situ labeling(PRINS) and propidium iodide(PI) banding techniques.The PRINS analysis revealed that major rRNA genes were clustered in two loci on the telomeric regions of the short arms on two acrocentric chromosome pairs in A.irradians and on two submetacentric pairs in P.yessoensis.The histone H3 gene sites differed in number and location between these two species.The C-band-like patterns revealed by PI staining varied considerably between these two species.A.irradians displayed terminal bands at long arms on all chromosomes,centromeric bands on some pairs and interstitial bands on five pairs.P.yessoensis exhibited only centromeric bands on all chromosomes.These results would contribute to the better understanding of karyotype evolution in A.irradians and P.yessoensis.  相似文献   

17.
应用AFLP标记技术对我国北方近海短蛸的遗传多样性进行分析。采用6对AFLP引物组合对4个群体(大连、烟台、青岛、连云港)120个个体进行扩增,其中每对引物扩增位点数在42—66之间,共得到303个扩增位点。4个群体内的多态位点比例为62.03%—67.93%。群体的Nei’s基因多样性指数(H)为0.2353—0.2617,Shannon多样性指数(I)为0.3497—0.3863,群体间的遗传距离为0.0497—0.085;大连群体的多态位点比例、Shannon多样性指数和群体Nei’s基因多样性指数均高于其它三个群体。用UPGMA方法构建的群体系统进化树显示,大连群体与烟台群体聚到一起,青岛群体与连云港群体聚到一起,显示群体间具有典型的地理特征,但群体间存在遗传渗透。分子变异分析(AMOVA)结果表明,短蛸群体88.28%的变异来源于群体内,群体间的变异占11.72%,显示短蛸的遗传变异主要来源于群体内个体间,但群体间已经有了一定程度的遗传分化。  相似文献   

18.
Intracytoplasmic infection with a prokaryotic mycoplasma-like organism (MLO) were characterized in the scallop Argopecten irradians, and the first report of such infection in this scallop was represented. Ultrastructurally these microorganisms are usually pleomorphic and variable in morphology and size, and appear in several cell types such as small spherical body, rod-shaped bodies and longer filament-shaped body. They lack a cell wall. These observations revealed that these types of the prokaryote showed some characteristics of a mycoplasma-like organism (MLO). MLO reproduced in two ways: binary fission and budding. The results of isolation and purification showed that a large number of MLOs existed in the tissues of diseased scallops. The results of experimental infection revealed that the MLO is pathogenic to the scallop Argopecten irradians.  相似文献   

19.
中国北方沿海6个栉孔扇贝群体的AFLP分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用4对AFLP引物首次对我国北方沿海主要的6个栉孔扇贝养殖区的自然采苗群体进行了遗传多样性分析,共扩增得到191条清晰带谱,其中175条具有多态性。对各群体进行遗传多样性分析,结果表明各群体均具有较高的遗传多样性水平,香农式多样性指数在0.347 4~0.391 7之间。AMOVA结果表明遗传变异主要来源于群体内,占总遗传变异的87.22%。个体聚类结果表明,烟台、长岛、大连3个群体的个体聚在一起,可看做1个群体;而荣成群体的个体单独聚在一起,具有独立的遗传结构;胶南和日照的一部分个体聚在一起,其他大部分各群体单独聚在一起;推测是海洋环境和人工养殖影响的共同结果。  相似文献   

20.
流式细胞术比较研究4种双壳贝类血细胞的分群   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
应用流式细胞术对太平洋牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)、海湾扇贝(Argopecten irradians)、虾夷扇贝(Patinopecten yessoensis)和毛蚶(Scapharca subcrenata)4种双壳贝类的血细胞分类进行了比较。根据其血细胞的前向角散射光(FSC)和侧向角散射光(SSC)特性的不同将血细胞分群,FSC和SSC二维图分析发现太平洋牡蛎、海湾扇贝和虾夷扇贝的血细胞都可分为3个亚群,即透明细胞、小颗粒细胞和大颗粒细胞,而毛蚶的血细胞只可区分为透明细胞和颗粒细胞2个亚群。同时还对这4种双壳贝类各种血细胞所占比例进行了比较研究,发现各亚群细胞所占比例差异很大。  相似文献   

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