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人工饲料饲养的对虾肠道菌群和水体细菌区系的研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
对人工饲料饲养的凡纳滨对虾Litopenaeus vannamei成虾肠道菌群组成及其水体细菌区系组成进行了研究.分离纯化后的革兰氏阴性菌鉴定到种的水平.对虾肠道菌群主要由弧菌Vibrio spp.、希瓦氏菌属Shewnella spp.、嗜氢菌属Hydrogenophaga spp.、伯克霍尔德氏菌Burkholderia spp.、气单胞菌Aeromonas spp.、食酸菌Acidovorax spp.和芽孢杆菌Bacillus spp.组成.水体细菌区系主要包括弧菌Vibrio spp.、希瓦氏菌属Shewnella spp.、艾肯菌Empedobacter spp.、无色杆菌Achromobacter spp.和芽孢杆菌Bacillus spp..肠道菌群和水体细菌区系的优势菌是副溶血弧菌Vibrio parahaemolyticus和芽孢杆菌Bacillus spp..利用Shannon-Wiener指数进行多样性分析,发现虾肠道多样性指数（H）和均匀度（J）高于水体细菌区系,而丰度（D）较低. 相似文献
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海湾扇贝(Argopecten
irradians)附着基异养细菌区系初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从海湾扇贝附着基上分离出61株异养细菌，对其进行80项生理生化特征测定，以数值分类法进行分析。鉴定结果表明，海湾扇贝附着基上异养菌属于假单胞菌(Pseudomonas)、气单胞菌(Aeromonas)、弧菌(Vibrio)、芽孢杆菌(Bacillus)和产碱杆菌(Alcaligenes)。扇贝幼虫附着前附着的细菌主要为芽孢杆菌与假单胞菌，扇贝幼虫附着后气单胞菌成为优势，弧菌数量明显增加，与假单胞菌数量相当。 相似文献
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本文主要介绍了1988年寿光县对虾养殖期间(5～9月)水环境和底泥环境中微生物种群的变化。据不同的地理位置,选择不同的养殖虾池;分别将水样和底泥环境中的弧菌、异养菌,及硫酸盐还原菌进行培养、分离计数。据对虾养殖期5个月的数据分析,不同的养殖虾池有不同的菌数波动范围。底泥与水环境中的菌数分布各有不同。异养菌在水样中的分布最高值为736×10~2个/ml,最低值为268.1×10~2个/ml;湿泥样中的最高值为372.7×10~4个/g最低值为125.9×10~4个/g。弧菌在水样中的最高值为12.33×10~2个/ml,最低值为0.5×10~4个/ml。据综合资料分析,对虾养殖池中的各种细菌分布,底泥高于水样,高温季节高于低温季节。底泥和水环境中有机物的含量与细菌数的分布成正比。底泥中硫酸盐还原菌的数量,是底泥环境中有机物污染程度的标志之一。根据硫酸盐还原菌的数量分布,可以有效地控制有机质(如对虾饵料)的投放量等。 相似文献
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本研究比较了饲料中添加粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis LYB1)、嗜酸乳杆菌(Lactobacillus acidophilus W2)和凝结芽孢杆菌(Bacillus coagulans NJ17)对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)幼虾的生长、抗病力及肠道菌群结构的影响。以基础饲料中分别添加1.0×1010 cfu/kg浓度的3种不同乳酸菌为实验组,以基础饲料为对照组,以投喂方式养殖对虾42 d。养殖结束后,进行14 d的副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)攻毒实验。研究表明:投喂3种乳酸菌的实验组对虾的体重、特定生长率、饲料效率和表观消化率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),其中以添加凝结芽孢杆菌组效果最佳。攻毒实验显示,添加粪肠球菌和嗜酸乳杆菌均可显著降低对虾的累计死亡率(P<0.05)。添加乳酸菌的各实验组对虾的肠道细菌群落结构与对照组相比均发生了明显变化,其中以添加粪肠球菌组差异最大。在门水平上,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)为对虾肠道优势菌群。在纲分类水平上,α-变形菌纲(Alphaproteobacteria)、丹毒丝菌纲(Erysipelotrichia)和黄杆菌纲(Flavobacteriia)为对虾肠道优势菌群。研究结果显示,凝结芽孢杆菌NJ17对凡纳滨对虾促长效果最佳,而嗜酸乳杆菌W2对对虾抗病力提高效果最佳,3种乳酸菌均明显改善了对虾肠道微生物群落的组成和丰度。 相似文献
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《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2016,(4)
在凡纳滨对虾养殖水体中使用悬浮絮团发生装置(对照组未使用),设置空白对照组、芽孢杆菌(Bacillus sp.)组、产纤维素酶菌组、共同添加组,检测养殖环境中水质指标、细菌数量和对虾生长指标,评估添加甘蔗渣悬浮颗粒和芽孢杆菌对凡纳滨对虾生长和养殖环境的影响。研究表明:芽孢杆菌组、产纤维素酶菌组、共同添加组的氨氮浓度在实验前期显著低于对照组(P0.05),实验中后期,亚硝态氮浓度显著低于对照组(P0.05),生物絮团含量显著高于对照组(P0.05),说明添加甘蔗渣悬浮颗粒和芽孢杆菌能促进生物絮团的形成,有效降低水体中氨氮、亚硝态氮浓度。芽孢杆菌组、共同添加组水体中芽孢杆菌数量显著大于对照组、产纤维素酶菌组(P0.05);芽孢杆菌组、产纤维素酶菌组、共同添加组的弧菌数量在实验后期都低于对照组,对虾成活率显著高于对照组(P0.05),饵料系数显著低于对照组(P0.05),换水比例较对照组低30%。结果表明:甘蔗渣悬浮颗粒和芽孢杆菌的添加,能增加和维持水体中芽孢杆菌等有益菌的数量,改善养殖环境,促进对虾生长,提高对虾产量,降低饵料系数。 相似文献
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本文研究了不同饲料添加物对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)肠道菌群结构的影响。实验设计了5种不同的饲料添加物,分别为破壁酵母(A,添加量为0.6%)、中草药提取物(B,添加量为0.3%)、柠檬酸(C,添加量为0.3%)、益生菌(D,蜡样芽孢杆菌Bacillus cereus BC-01,添加量为109cfu/kg)和氟苯尼考(E,添加量为15mg/kg),以投喂实验用基础饲料组作为对照(F)。每个处理组分别设置了5个重复,每个重复10尾虾,实验进行了42d。采用PCR-DGGE技术分析了饲料中不同添加物对凡纳滨对虾肠道菌群结构的影响,研究结果表明:凡纳滨对虾肠道内菌群归属于γ-变形菌纲、黄杆菌纲和芽孢杆菌纲,它们分别为埃希氏菌属(Escherichia)、弧菌属(Vibrio)、假交替单胞菌属(Pseudoalteromonas)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、志贺氏菌属(Shigella)、Tamlana属和Formosa属。A、B、C和D处理组以埃希氏菌属为主要优势菌,E组和对照组以弧菌属为主要优势菌。其中,对照组中弧菌的相对含量最高为37.74%,其次是E组,相对含量为23.79%。总体比较,添加中草药提取物、柠檬酸及芽孢杆菌处理组对虾肠道菌群结构相似,而与添加破壁酵母、氟苯尼考和对照组的细菌群落结构有所差异。饲料中添加适量的破壁酵母、中草药提取物、柠檬酸、芽孢杆菌及氟苯尼考均对凡纳滨对虾肠道内的弧菌属细菌有一定的抑制作用,其中以添加0.6%的破壁酵母效果最佳,可有效抑制对虾肠道中的弧菌属细菌。 相似文献
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水体碳氮比对芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌与弧菌生长、拮抗作用及菌体碳氮比的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
从凡纳滨对虾养殖池塘中采集分离芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌与弧菌,并设置水体碳氮比分别为:C∶Nw=2、5、10、15、20共5个水平。在养殖环境营养水平下研究了芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌与弧菌的生长、拮抗作用及细菌菌体碳氮比(C∶NB)的变化。研究发现,较高的C∶Nw适合芽孢杆菌(C∶Nw=15)与乳酸菌(C∶Nw≥10)的生长,较低的C∶Nw适合弧菌(C∶Nw=5、10)的生长,并且当C∶Nw较高时芽孢杆菌与乳酸菌对弧菌的生长具有明显的拮抗作用。因此向养殖水体和饵料中添加碳源,将环境C∶N提高至超过10的水平不仅可以促进芽孢杆菌与乳酸菌的快速生长,而且可以有效抑制弧菌的繁殖。 相似文献
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冬季刺参养殖环境与肠道内细菌菌群的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
运用传统细菌分离培养与分子生物学技术相结合的方法,对2008年11月至2009年1月冬季刺参(Apostichopus japonicus Liao)养殖池塘环境(养殖水、底泥、附着基)及刺参肠道内的细菌菌群进行了分析。应用平板稀释涂布培养计数法测得刺参养殖池塘水体、底泥、附着基和肠道细菌数量分别为0.75×102～1.4×104cfu/mL、8.7×104～8.1×105cfu/g、3.8×105～2.8×106cfu/g、7.1×105～1.5×107cfu/g;根据形态学差异从培养所得的细菌中筛选得到22株菌,用限制性内切酶Rsa I和Msp I对所分离菌株进行ARDRA(Amplified rDNA Restriction Analysis)分析,这22株菌被分为8种不同的分类单元(Operational Taxonomic Unit,OTU),其中OTU2与OTU3所包含的菌株分别占分离菌株种数的30%和20%;此外,作者对不同环境培养所得的优势度最高的细菌进行分子鉴定分析。结果表明:水环境中优势菌为施氏假单胞菌(Pseudomonas stutzeri)、门多萨假单胞菌(Pseudomonas mendocina)及巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megaterium),沉积物中优势菌为巨大芽孢杆菌(B.megaterium)、施氏假单胞菌(P.stutzeri)、苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis),附着基中优势菌为巨大芽孢杆菌(B.megaterium)、苏云金芽孢杆菌(B.thuringiensis),灿烂弧菌(Vibrio splendidus),肠道中优势菌为巨大芽孢杆菌(B.megaterium)、苏云金芽孢杆菌(B.thuringiensis),灿烂弧菌(V.splendidus)、施氏假单胞菌(P.stutzeri)。通过对冬季刺参池塘细菌菌群多样性分析和优势菌鉴定,为筛选低温益生菌和防治刺参疾病提供了有益参考。 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
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Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献
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The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献