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1.
天津近岸海域生态环境健康评价 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以2004 - 2005年对天津市近岸海域海洋生态环境状况 4 次监测获得的资料为基础,利用"河口及海湾生态系统生态环境健康评价方法"对监测海域的海洋生态环境健康状况进行了评价.结果显示:除沉积物环境和生物残毒指标监测项目评价结果显示处于健康状态外,虽然水环境评价结果为健康,但部分海域水环境严重恶化,主要污染物为无机氮;海洋生物质量生物指标已处于亚健康状态的底线;栖息地环境为不健康,主要是由于滨海湿地的大量减少和大量海岸工程建设造成的.综合以上 5 类评价因子的评价结果最终判定:天津市近岸海域的生态环境处于亚健康状态,而且生态环境质量仍然存在着进一步恶化的趋势. 相似文献
2.
基于水质状态和生态响应的综合富营养化评价模型——以山东半岛典型海域富营养化评价为例 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
对前期构建的长江口及其邻近水域的富营养化评价模型作了进一步改进,并根据2006年至2007年春夏秋冬四个季节的山东半岛典型海域的调查资料,将该模型应用于山东半岛典型海域的富营养化评价。评价结果表明:在"优、良、中、差、劣"五个富营养化等级中,山东半岛大部分海湾和近岸海域出现"中"到"差"程度的富营养化状况,且海湾内富营养化程度明显高于近岸海域。较突出的富营养化症状主要是夏秋季节高浓度的叶绿素水平和周期性发生的有毒有害藻华。烟台四十里湾、丁字湾和青岛胶州湾是山东半岛富营养化状况较严重的三个海湾。仅少数海域,如日照北部近海和黄岛近海的富营养化程度处于"良"的等级。评价模型同时包含富营养化压力因素(水质状态)和效应因素(生态响应)两个方面,在指标评分上不仅考虑评价浓度,还考虑浓度出现的频率和空间覆盖度等方面,以及对各指标合理分配权重,使得评价模型更能准确、全面地反映海域富营养化状况。 相似文献
3.
参考目前国际上被广泛应用的第2代富营养化评价方法体系,结合我国近岸海域生态环境特点和监测资料现状,建立了一种以压力-状态-响应模式为基本框架、以富营养化症状为主的第2代近岸海域富营养化评价体系。实际应用结果表明,应用本方法得出的长江口海域富营养化状况评价结论,与目前国外主流评价方法的评价结论一致,而且本方法具有评价指标代表性强、数据资料易得、评价标准有据、方法简便易行等优点。 相似文献
4.
根据2009-2011年对广西钦州湾海域的综合调查结果,采用《近岸海洋生态健康评价指南》中的河口及海湾生态系统健康评价方法对该海域的生态系统健康状况进行评价与分析。结果显示,水环境健康指数、沉积环境健康指数、生物残毒健康指数、栖息地健康指数、生物健康指数分别为14.61,9.93,9.00,7.50,13.38,海域生态系统健康指数为54.42。表明,钦州湾近岸海域水环境和沉积环境都处于健康状态,未受生物残毒污染,而栖息地和生物指标分别处于不健康状态。综合5类评价因子的评价结果,判定该海域生态环境处于亚健康状态。 相似文献
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6.
根据我国近岸海域表层沉积物6 094个站位、深层1 495个站位沉积物地球化学重金属元素(As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Pb、Zn)含量数据,运用了多元统计等数学方法对测试数据进行了处理,分析了我国近海海域沉积物重金属元素分布特征.在此基础上,根据GB18668-2002(海洋沉积物质量)标准,运用了综合指数法对我国近海海域沉积物重金属生态地球化学进行了评价,结果表明:我国近海海域(10 m水深线以浅)清洁海域占78.93％,轻污染海域占13.80％,重污染海域占7.27％.重污染区域分布在葫芦岛附近海域、珠江入海口附近海域,轻度污染区域在长江入海口附近.样品对比分析结果显示,我国近海海域重污染主要来源于人类活动的影响. 相似文献
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从胶州湾航运资源现状出发,首先提出建立航运资源评价指标体系的要求、原则和应具备的功能,然后采用多目标、多因素决策的综合评价方法结合海岸带可持续发展理论建立胶州湾航运资源评价指标体系,根据胶州湾航运资源实际情况将其评价指标划分为十二大类和若干细类,并通过专家调查法给出每一指标的评价分值和评价标准,对胶州湾航运资源进行综合评价,最后举例说明评价指标体系的具体应用。 相似文献
9.
根据2007-2011 年青岛市近岸海域环境质量监测结果,分析和评价了该区域海水、沉积物、陆源入海污染物、海洋
功能区等环境质量状况及变化趋势。结果表明：青岛市近岸海域环境质量整体较好,但是,胶州湾局部海域受到N、P、石
油类污染;养殖区和自然保护区无机氮、磷酸盐含量较高;由于青岛沿岸排污口分布较多、设置不合理、入海污染物排量较
大,对临近海域生态环境造成一定的影响;同时,海洋灾害种类较多且频发,危害较大。在此基础上,提出了污染治理与环
境改善的相应建议。 相似文献
10.
多目标可变模糊评价模型在海水水质评价中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
海水环境质量评价是一种多要素、多因子的评价,海水环境质量的分级标准、海水污染程度等都是一些模糊概念.目前已有的海水水质评价模型中都或多或少存在一些不足,基于可变模糊理论,建立基于可变模糊的海水水质评价模型,并将该方法应用于胶州湾海水水质综合评价中.实践表明,该模型方法计算简单,能够比较合理地确定样本指标对各级指标标准区间的相对隶属度、相对隶属函数,并且能够通过变化模型及其参数(a 和 p 参数变化,变化为4个模型,包括1个线性,3个非线性),将稳定结果作为海水水质综合评价的结果,合理地确定出样本的评价等级,为海洋环境领域的多目标综合评价与决策提供了一种新的思路与方法. 相似文献
11.
Coastal inundation associated with extreme sea levels is the main factor which leads to the loss of life and property whenever a severe tropical cyclonic storm hits the Indian coasts. The Andhra and Orissa coasts are most vulnerable for coastal inundation due to extreme rise in sea levels associated with tropical cyclones. Loss of life may be minimized if extreme sea levels and associated coastal flooding is predicted well in advance. Keeping this in view, location specific coastal inundation models are developed and applied for the Andhra and Orissa coasts of India. Several numerical experiments are carried out using the data of past severe cyclones that struck these regions. The simulated inland inundation distances are found to be in general agreement with the reported flooding. 相似文献
12.
Hoi-Soo Jung Kap-Sik Jeong Yong-Shik Chu Sung-Hyun Park Ki-Hyune Kim 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(3):181-195
Grain size and water content in box-core sediments from the Clarion-Clipperton fracture zone (C-C zone) in the northeast equatorial Pacific were analyzed in detail to understand the downcore variations across a hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Grain-size distributions in the topmost core sediments show two modes: a coarse mode (peaked at 50 μm) and a fine mode (at 2-25 μm). The coarse mode disappears gradually with depth accompanied by the dissolution of siliceous fossil tests, whereas the fine mode coarsens due to the formation of authigenic minerals. Water content increases abruptly across a color boundary between an upper pale brown layer and a lower dark brown layer that is the hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Abundant smectites and microvoid molds, which are created by the prolonged fossil dissolution in the underlying sediment, are attributed for the abrupt downcore variation of water content. Overall variations in grain size and water content in the topmost core sediments in the western C-C zone are possibly constrained by the dissolution of biogenic siliceous fossils. Variations in geotechnical properties related to these changes must be considered in the design of nodule collectors. 相似文献
13.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2001,24(1):27-33
This article concerns an interrelation between the sea levels and the western boundary flow near a tectonic boundary in a local zone in the Northwestern Pacific. In this zone, sea level variations at stations located on the coast facing the Pacific are studied to find the interrelation between variations of the Kurosio flow as an index of the distance of the flow axis off a specific coast. The result is discussed after data processing of the monthly means of the sea levels, and a notice is taken of variations caused by active crustal upheavals during a seismic event, a local earthquake. 相似文献
14.
This study tests the hypothesis that the in situ void ratio of surficial marine sediments may be predicted from shear wave velocity-depth data with a reliability equal to that of other methods currently available. Shear wave velocity is fundamentally controlled by the number of grain-to-grain contacts per unit volume of material and by the effective stress across those contacts. In this study, three previously established empirical formulae are used to predict void ratio from velocity-depth data. Field data were acquired along a transect off the northern Californian coast across which water depth increased from 35 to 70 m and seafloor sediment type varied from sand to silty-sand, respectively. A towed seafloor sled device was used to collect shear wave refraction data, and a marked, systematic decrease in velocity was observed along the line, ranging from 35-70 m/s for the coarse, near-shore material to 25-40 m/s for the finer, offshore deposits. Void ratios predicted from these velocities were compared with data measured directly from box-core samples. Of the formulae used for prediction, two agree remarkably well with the control data. Both predicted and control values increase from 0.6-0.8 for the sandy material to 1.1-1.5 for the silty-sand. Thus, this study does not disprove the hypothesis set and demonstrates the potential of field shear wave velocity-depth data as a means of delineating spatial variation in void ratio for surficial marine sediments in a remote, nondestructive manner. 相似文献
15.
Particulate samples were collected from the Changjiang river system during a flood period, in May 1997, and POC, stable isotope and lipids associated with particles were examined. Results showed the decrease (0.84% ～ 1.88%) of organic carbon content from the upper reaches to the estuary.δ13C values of particulate organic carbon was in the range of -24.9×10-3 to -26.6×10-3, which were close to the isotopic signature of continental C3 vegetation. Total particulate n-alkanes concentrations varied from 1.4 to 10.1μg/dm3,or from 23.7 to 107μg/g of total suspended matter. Fatty acids were present in all the samples, from 1.4 to 5.4μg/dm3, with saturated and unsaturated straight-chain and branched compounds in the carbon number range from C12 to C30. Both δ13C and the ratio of carbon content to nitrogen content indicate the predominance of terrestrial inputs (soil organic matter) among the particles. The biomarker approach has been used to identify the relative portion of terrigenous and autochthonous fraction in the particulate samples. The distribution of fatty acids suggests a striking phytoplanktonic and microbial signal in most particle samples. The terrestrial alkanes are used to estimate the contribution of terrestrial inputs along the mainstream. 相似文献
16.
Andrzej Chybicki 《Marine Geodesy》2018,41(1):1-23
Current trends of development of satellite derived bathymetry (SDB) models rely on applying calibration techniques including analytical approaches, neuro-fuzzy systems, regression optimization and others. In most of the cases, the SDB models are calibrated and verified for test sites, that provide favorable conditions for the remote derivation of bathymetry such as high water clarity, homogenous bottom type, low amount of sediment in the water and other factors. In this paper, a novel 3-dimensional geographical weighted regression (3GWR) SDB technique is presented, it binds together methods already presented in other studies, the geographically weighted local regression (GWR) model, with depth dependent inverse optimization. The proposed SDB model was calibrated and verified on a relatively difficult test site of the South Baltic near-shore areas with the use of multispectral observations acquired by a recently launched Sentinel-2 satellite observation system. By conducted experiments, it was shown that the proposed SDB model is capable of obtaining satisfactory results of RMSE ranging from 0.88 to 1.23[m] depending on the observation and can derive bathymetry for depths up to 12m. It was also shown, that the proposed approach may be used operationally, for instance, in the continuous assessment of temporal bathymetry changes, for areas important in the context of ensuring local maritime safety. 相似文献
17.
N. H. Khadge 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):251-258
As a part of the environmental impact assessment studies, geotechnical properties of sediments were determined in the Central Indian Basin. The undrained shear strength and index properties of the siliceous sediments were determined on 20 box cores of uniform dimension collected from various locations in five preselected sites. The maximum core length encountered was 41 cm and most of the sediments were siliceous oozes consisting of radiolarian or diatomaceous tests. The shear strength measurements revealed that surface sediments deposited in recent times (0-10 cm) have a shear strength of 0-1 kPa; this value increases with depth, reaching 10 kPa at 40 cm deep. Older sediments have greater strength because of compaction. Water content varies in the wide range of 312-577% and decreases with depth. The clay minerals such as smectite and illite are dominant and show some control over water content. Wet density, specific gravity, and porosity do not indicate any notable variation with depth, thereby indicating a uniform, slow rate of sedimentation. The average porosity of sediments is 90.2%, specific gravity 2.18, and wet bulk density 1.12 g/cm 3 . Sediments exhibit medium to high plasticity characteristics, with the average plasticity index varying between 105% and 136%. Preliminary studies on postdisturbance samples showed an increase in natural water content and a decrease in undrained shear strength of sediments in the top 10- to 15-cm layer. 相似文献
18.
Extreme sea levels associated with severe cyclonic storms are common occurrences along the east coast of India. The coastal districts of Orissa have experienced major surges in the past. The recent Paradip super cyclone is one of the most severe cyclones, causing extensive damage to property and loss of lives. Extreme sea levels are major causes for coastal flooding in this region. Damages can be minimized if the extreme sea levels are forecast well in advance. In the present study, we develop a location specific, fine resolution model for the Orissa coast on the lines similar to that of IIT-D storm surge model (Dube et al. 1994). The model runs on a personal computer. The bathymetry for the model is extracted from very fine resolution naval hydrographic charts for the region extending from the south of Orissa to south of West Bengal. A simple drying scheme has also been included in the model in order to avoid the exposure of land near the coast due to strong negative sea surface elevations. An attempt was made in this study to simulate extreme sea levels along the Orissa coast using the data of past severe cyclones. The model results reported in the present study are in good agreement with available observations or estimates. 相似文献
19.
An Improved Calibration of Satellite Altimetric Heights Using Tide Gauge Sea Levels with Adjustment for Land Motion 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Gary T. Mitchum 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(3):145-166
Several major improvements to an existing method for calibrating satellite altimeters using tide gauge data are described. The calibration is in the sense of monitoring and correcting temporal drift in the altimetric time series, which is essential in efforts to use the altimetric data for especially demanding applications. Examples include the determination of the rate of change of global mean sea level and the study of the relatively subtle, but climatically important, decadal variations in basin scale sea levels. The improvements are to the method described by Mitchum (1998a), and the modifications are of two basic types. First, since the method depends on the cancellation of true ocean signals by differencing the altimetric data from the tide gauge sea level time series, improvements are made that produce a more complete removal of the ocean signals that comprise the noise for the altimetric drift estimation problem. Second, a major error source in the tide gauge data, namely land motion, is explicitly addressed and corrections are developed that incorporate space-based geodetic data (continuous GPS and DORIS measurements). The long-term solution, having such geodetic measurements available at all the tide gauges, is not yet a reality, so an interim solution is developed. The improved method is applied to the TOPEX altimetric data. The Side A data (August 1992?February 1999) are found to have a linear drift component of 0.55 + / 0.39 mm/yr, but there is also a significant quadratic component to the drift that is presently unexplained. The TOPEX Side B altimeter is estimated to be biased by 7.0 + / 0.7 mm relative to the Side A altimeter based on an analysis of the first 350 days of Side B data. 相似文献
20.
J. N. Pattan Ch. M. Rao A. A. Migdisov S. Colley N. C. Higgs L. Demidenko 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(3):155-165
The rare earth element (REE) distribution in nine deep-sea ferromanganese nodules and their associated siliceous sediments from the Central Indian Ocean Basin (CIOB) have been studied to elucidate the REE relationship among them. Total REE concentration varies from 398-928 ppm in the nodules and 137-235 ppm in the associated sediments, suggesting two- to four-fold enrichment in the nodules compared to associated sediments. REE of nodules and their associated sediments show a positive correlation, suggesting REE are supplied from a common source such as seawater. The positive correlation between REE of nodules and sediments from the CIOB is contrary to the competitive scavenging of REE between nodules and sediment in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. REEs in the nodules are carried by Fe, P, and Ti, whereas in the sediment they are carried by P and Mn phases. A similar REE fractionation pattern with middle REE enrichment over heavy and light REE in both the nodules and their associated sediment suggest fractionation is independent of REE abundance and their carrier phases. 相似文献