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1.
长期以来我国沿海织纹螺科的分类一直存在着种名鉴定错误、同物异名或混淆等现象,它严重困扰和制约着织纹螺的生态学、分子生物学和毒理实验等相关研究。为了解决我国沿海织纹螺种名使用混乱和部分种名无法准确鉴定等问题,作者对中国科学院海洋生物标本馆收藏的标本,以及近年来在我国沿海补充采集的织纹螺科标本进行了系统地整理和进一步的分类学研究。结果表明,半褶织纹螺Nassarius(Zeuxis)semiplicatus(A.Adams,1852)是Nassarius(Z.)sinarus(Philippi,1851)的同物异名;拟半褶织纹螺Nassarius(Z.)semiplicatoides Zhanget You,2007是秀长织纹螺Nassarius(Z.)oveolatus(Dunker,1847)的同物异名;而光织纹螺Nassariusdorsatus(Rding,1789)和节织纹螺Nassariushepaticus(Pulteney)的学名是误定,它应是塔氏织纹螺Nassarius(Zeuxis)thachiDekker,2004和节织纹螺Nassarius(Niotha)nodiferus(Powys,1835)。作者对上述几种织纹螺的外部形态特征进行了观察确认,对齿舌的齿式排列和齿舌的形态进行认真的比较研究,依据目前较新的文献资料,把我国沿海4种重要织纹螺的种名进行了澄清和修订。 相似文献
2.
本文记述中国海织纹螺科两新记录种。研究材料来自中国科学院海洋研究所历年来在中国沿海采集的织纹螺科标本,通过外部形态和齿舌解剖比较研究,鉴定出属于织纹螺属Nassarius的2个中国新记录种:厚唇织纹螺Nassarius biendongensis Kool,2003和佳美织纹螺Nassarius euglyptus Sowerby,1914。它们分布于中国的东、南部沿海,前者栖息于潮间带中、低潮区的泥沙质海底;后者栖息于潮下带,垂直分布在水深10—200m左右的泥沙或软泥质海底。 相似文献
3.
利用光学显微镜对8种蛾螺科种类、3种织纹螺科种类和1种细带螺科种类的齿舌形态进行了观察和比较。结果表明,3科12个种的齿舌均由2列侧齿和1列中央齿构成,无缘齿,齿式为0·1·1·1·0。蛾螺科种类(方斑东风螺、泥东风螺、台湾东风螺、深沟东风螺、缝合海因螺、香螺、甲虫螺和Antillophos sp.)的侧齿具小齿2—3枚,中央齿具小齿3—7枚。织纹螺科种类(半褶织纹螺、秀长织纹螺和红带织纹螺)的侧齿具小齿2枚,中央齿具小齿9—13枚,其基板的两端常延伸至下一齿排附近。半褶织纹螺具侧齿附板,秀长织纹螺和红带织纹螺无侧齿附板。塔形纺锤螺的侧齿呈长形的梳子状,具小齿9—12枚,中央齿极小,具小齿3枚。与其他学者的研究结果不同,本研究未发现东风螺属种类的齿舌具有种特异性。侧齿附板不存在于所有织纹螺科的种类中,其有无也不能作为同属或同亚属种类的共性。 相似文献
4.
为确定中国沿海不同地区织纹螺中的毒素成分,本研究在江苏省、浙江省和福建省设立了多个采样点,对采集的半褶织纹螺样品进行了毒性测试和毒素组成分析。研究结果显示,采集的织纹螺样品毒性范围为2—664MU(mouse unit)/g湿重,其中,采自江苏省连云港地区的织纹螺样品毒性远高于其它地区。应用高效液相色谱-质谱联用(high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry,LC-MS)方法对样品中的毒素成分进行分析,在各地的织纹螺样品中均检测到了河豚毒素(TTX)及trideoxy TTX、4-epi TTX和anhydro TTX等衍生物,但各种毒素成分所占的比例存在差异。自江苏省连云港市和浙江省舟山市采集的织纹螺样品中,Trideoxy TTX是主要的毒素成分,TTX和其它两种毒素成分次之;而自江苏省盐城市、浙江省宁波市及福建省宁德市和莆田市采集的织纹螺样品中,TTX的含量最高。采集自江苏省连云港和浙江省舟山市的大部分织纹螺样品中,肌肉组织的毒素含量最高,其次是消化腺组织,其余组织中的毒素含量最低。高毒性成分TTX的最高值主要出现在肌肉组织或消化腺组织中。从实验结果可以看出,各地的有毒织纹螺中毒素成分基本一致,而各种毒素成分所占的比例有一定的差异,织纹螺的毒性与高毒性成分TTX的含量有关。 相似文献
5.
从2000年3月到2002年10月对中国沿海海产腹足类性畸变的大范围调查过程中．在广东省汕头港、湛江港和厦门港分别采集到西格织纹螺(Nassarius siquijorensis)、胆形织纹螺(Nassarius thersites)和节织纹螺(Nassarius hepaticus)等3个种，解剖观察发现3种织纹螺的雌性个体都发生了性畸变现象。根据织纹螺性畸变的发展过程，对目前的性畸变发展划分体系作了新的修改和补充。通过对比性畸变个体与正常雄性个体的特征．探讨了雄性个体结构特征在性畸变过程中的效应。 相似文献
6.
在整理广东珠海高栏岛潮下带的螺类样品时，发现两不同形态类型的织纹螺，一类型鉴定为西格织纹螺（Nassarius siquijorensis），另一类型与前者在内唇和外唇形态上存在明显差异但其他特征基本相同。比较了两类型个体的齿舌形态，并对选取的5个个体的COⅠ基因序列进行了研究。结果表明，两类型个体的齿舌形态基本一致，齿列数53—66排，中央齿上缘小齿8—12枚；COⅠ基因序列存在较大的变异，709bp的DNA片段上共有40个位点变异，其中38个变异位点为密码子第三位碱基，个体间的碱基差异在2—35bp之间；贝壳变异与DNA变异不存在关系，同类型的个体在DNA序列上差异较大，不同类型个体的差异却极小；在基于COⅠ基因序列构建的系统树中两类型的个体明显聚为一支。依据5条COⅠ基因核苷酸序列推导的氨基酸残基序列完全相同。齿舌形态和分子生物学证据都证实两种类型的个体同属于西格织纹螺。 相似文献
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为了摸清中国沿海分布的刍秣螺亚科(Ocenebrinae)的物种数量,以及分布状况和生活习性,完成刍秣螺亚科的系统分类研究.采用传统的形态分类学方法,对中国科学院海洋研究所历年来在中国沿海采集的刍秫螺亚科标本进行了整理分类,共鉴定出刍秣螺亚科4属,9种,其中1种在中国沿海为首次报道.文中对刍秣螺亚科动物的形态特征、习性及地理分布等进行了较详细的描述. 相似文献
9.
节织纹螺(Nassarius hepaticus)贝壳差异的COⅠ基因分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选择在厦门港市场购买的节织纹螺(Nassarius hepaticus),挑选五种典型贝壳形态,每种形态各5个个体,研究其COⅠ基因序列及其分子系统发育。结果表明,节织纹螺五种贝壳类型的齿舌形态基本一致,但个体间齿列数和中央齿上缘小齿数有差异;COⅠ基因序列存在较大的变异,678—679bp的片段上有31个变异位点,其中20个为密码子第三位碱基,6个为密码子第二位碱基,5个为密码子第一位碱基;贝壳、齿舌变异与DNA变异不存在关系,同类型和不同类型的个体在DNA序列上差异较小,根据Kimura 2-parameter法计算25个个体的遗传距离在0.001—0.010之间,平均值为0.007。以COⅠ基因序列计算的遗传距离和构建的系统发育树证实五种贝壳形态的25个个体同属于节织纹螺。 相似文献
10.
长臂虾科(Caridea:Palaemonidae)是真虾类中最大的科级单元之一,为了探索长臂虾科内部的系统演化关系,作者采用从Genbank中下载的长臂虾科两亚科(Palaemoninae,Pontoniinae)14属30种长臂虾的线粒体16s rRNA基因序列片段,以鼓虾科(Alpheidae)细足鼓虾(Alpheus gracilipes)为外群分析长臂虾亚科和隐虾亚科之间的系统发育关系。在获得的466个序列位点中,变异位点263个,简约信息位点213个。DNA序列分析显示,隐虾亚科的德曼隐虾属(Manipontonia)与长臂虾亚科的遗传距离(0.211)要小于其与所在亚科的遗传距离(0.245);此属在基于贝叶斯法(BI)和邻接法(NJ)构建的系统发育树中也与长臂虾亚科的种属聚合为一支,然后与隐虾亚科种属聚合的一支成为姊妹群。结合此属与长臂虾亚科尾瘦虾属(Urocaridella)形态相似的特征,建议对德曼隐虾属在长臂虾科中的分类地位进行重新评估。除隐虾亚科德曼隐虾属聚合到长臂虾亚科聚类簇外,两亚科所属的其他种属各自聚合为一支,在系统树中互为姊妹群,支持将长臂虾分为两亚科的分类系统。 相似文献
11.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
12.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
13.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
16.
The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
19.
Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献
20.
The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献