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1.
The upwelling area in the Changjiang Estuary was selected to collect the core, where the red tide occurred frequently and hypoxic existed. The total organic carbon （TOC）, total nitrogen （TN）, biogenic silica （BSi） and stable organic carbon isotopic ratios（δ13 Corg） were determined on the 210pb-dated sediment core. The concentrations of TOC, TN, BSi as well as their sedimentation fluxes have in- creased to some extent since the 1970s. TOC and TN fluxes increased about 45%, 36% respectively. The average δ13 Coorg value in the core was -23.67 ×10^-3 which remained nearly constant before the 20 century. The δ13 Corg values increased after the 1900s, two marked increases were observed from the 1950s and the 1970s. A simple δ13 Cors model was used to estimate the contribution of terrigenous and marine organic matter inputs for the sediment, which indicated the increase in accumulation since the 1970s has been almost exclusively marine. The increasing of marine organic matter accumulation （TOC, TN and BSi） was corresponding with the increasing of fertilizer consumption and the NO3-N budgets from the Changjiang River. The riverine runoff of fertilizers and nutrients stimulated the algae blooming. Enhanced primary production resulted in an enrichment of organic matter in the sediment. These data support the hypothesis that anthropogenic nutrient loading has been a significant factor on the eutrophication in the Changjiang Estuary.  相似文献   

2.
Distributions and sources of total organic carbon （TOC）in seabed sediments and their implications for hydrodynamics are analyzed, in the turbidity maximum of the Changjiang Estuary. Ecology ecoenvironmental effects of estuary water on the continuously increasing terrigenous organic carbon from the Changjiang River are also explored through variations of organic carbon content and water quality indicators. Results show that, hydrodynamics exert important influences on distributions of organic carbon in the tur- bidity maximum of Changjiang Estuary. For their redistribution effect of terrigenous organic carbon within the moving layer in the whole region, variations from land to sea are not indicated by surficial and vertical average values of TOC and total nitrogen （TN） contents in core sediment, as well as organic stable carbon isotopes in surface sediments. However, on the long-time scale, the trend of terrigenous organic carbon decreasing from land to sea is still displayed by variations of stable carbon isotopic average values becoming heavier from land to sea. Previous studies have shown that high content of Chl a cannot appear in the Changjiang Estuary in despite of adequate nourishment supply, because photosynthesis of phytoplankton is constrained by high suspended sediment concentration（SSC）. However, an area with a high content of Chl a occurs, which may be caused by resuspended benthic algae with bottom fine grain-size sediments. Tremendous pressures are imposed on the environment of Changjiang Estuary, because of uhrophication trends and special hydrodynamics. Phytoplankton bloom area tends to extend from the outer sea to the mouth of Changjiang River.  相似文献   

3.
Phosphate limitation of phytoplankton growth in the Changjiang Estuary   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  
Laboratory experiments of bioassay with Pltaeodaetytum tricornutum, Chatoceros didymus, Chaetoreros calcitraus and Heterogtoea sp. sampled from the Changjiang Estuary in spring and summer, 1986, indicated that both N and P limit phytoplankton growth in the medium with N : P ranged between 8-30, and N limits phytoplankton production in the medium with N: P<8, while P is the limitary nutrient in the N : P>30. Generally, N : P in the Changjiang Estuary waters is 2 times higher than Redfield ratio. The bioassay experiments with high N : P water samples collected from Changjiang Estuary show that phytoplankton production is limited by P. Phytopiankton appears to give priority to the uptake of P at all periods of time. And the optimum N:P for phytoplankton growth is determined to be 18.  相似文献   

4.
Stable carbon isotope ratios have been used to study the sources of particulate organic carbon(POC) in the Amazon River and its tributaries, and to examine the transport of the riverine POC intothe oceanic environment. POC in the upper reaches of the Amazon River has more positive δ ~(13)C values(--24.5‰ to -- 28.0‰) than that in the middle and lower reaches (--27.9‰ to -- 30.1‰). Theδ ~(13)C of POC from the tributaries is generally more negative than that observed in the Amazon mainchannel. This δ ~(13)C datum shows that the POC in the Amazon main channel is predominantly of terres-trial origin rather than a result of in situ production. A large range of δ ~(13)C values (--17.5‰ to -28.4‰) is observed in the Amazon Estuary and plume. and is considered as the result of the mixing  相似文献   

5.
Four cruises were conducted during 2002--2003 in the Changjiang Estuary and adjacent coastal areas. The data presented show a clear coast to open sea gradient in nutrients related to the river inputs. Maximum values of chlorophyll a were typically observed at intermediate salinities at surface water and coincided with non-conservative decreases in nutrients along the salinity gradient, indicating that removal of nutrients was related to phytoplankton uptake. The seasonal variations of nutrient concentrations were just opposite to those of chlorophyll a, indicating that the seasonal variations of nutrients were mainly controlled by phytoplankton uptake, whereas riverine inputs merely weakened or balanced its extent. During the estuarine mixing, phosphate demonstrated some remobilization during all the four cruises; whereas both conservative and non-conservative behaviors for dissolved inorganic nitrogen and silicate were observed in the study area, indicating that both biotic and abiotic events may affect their behaviors during the estuarine mixing. Under the influence of freshwater inputs with high value of ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus, the estuarine and coastal waters impacted by the Changjiang plume were high （ 〉 30） in ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus, but rates of primary production were apparently not constrained by any kind of nutrient elements. However, the low （ 〈 1 ） ratio of silicate to nitrogen in most of the study area might be linked with the rapidly increasing frequency of harmful algal bloom （HAB） incidents in recent years in the coastal waters impacted by the Changjiang plume.  相似文献   

6.
Chlorophyll a(Chl a),particulate organic carbon(POC)and biogenic silica(BSi)were determined in coastal waters adjacent to the Zhujiang(Pearl)River Estuary(ZRE)during summer,in order to examine the C:Chl a ratio of phytoplankton and phytoplankton carbon in the plume-impacted coastal waters during summer,as well as to assess the relative contribution of diatoms to the phytoplankton biomass,by the regression between Chl a,POC and BSi.Our results showed that the C:Chl a ratio(g/g)of phytoplankton was high(up to 142),likely due to high light intensity and nutrient limitation.The river plume input stimulated phytoplankton growth,especially diatoms,resulting in higher relative contribution of phytoplankton carbon(55%)and diatoms(34%)to POC in the plume-impacted region than those(33%and 13%)in high salinity area,respectively.Phytoplankton carbon(up to 538μg/L)in the plume-impacted region was much higher than that(<166μg/L)in high salinity area.Our findings were helpful to improve the biogeochemical model in coastal waters adjacent to the ZRE.  相似文献   

7.
Heavy metal concentrations were measured in the Changjiang Estuary and its adjacent waters. Results from a systematic survey in April 2002 to March 2003 indicate that the ranges of the concentrations of dissolved copper, lead, zinc and cadmium in the study waters are 1.01 - 6.86, 0. 10 - 0.39,3.17 - 9.12 and 0.011 - 0. 049 μg/dm^3 , respectively. Similar to zinc, the behavior of dissolved copper was essentially conservative, but high scatter has been observed for high salinity samples, which can be attributed to the decomposition or mineralization of organic matter by bacteria. Dissolved lead may have active behavior with an addition at high salinity. Overall concentrations of dissolved cadmium increase with salinity. The mean values of these dissolved metals calculated for the surface waters were higher than those for the middle and bottom ones. External inputs of dissolved heavy metals to the surface waters were the likely explanation for these higher values. The maximum seasonal average values of dissolved copper and zinc were found in summer, reflecting higher amounts of riverine input in this season. In contrast, the maximum seasonal average values of dissolved lead and copper were found in winter and the lowest ones in summer, respectively, which might be asso- ciated with a combination of low concentration with heterogeneous scavenging. Concentrations of these dissolved metals found for the Changjiang Estuary fall in the range observed for the other estuaries but are noticeably higher than those from uncontaminated rivers, except for cadmium. Compared with observations for the Changjiang Estuary in the last two decades, it is clear that the Changjiang estuarine waters has been contaminated with copper, lead, zinc and cadmium during China＇ s industrialization, but concentrations of them have decreased in the last few years.  相似文献   

8.
Bacteria abundance, chlorophyll a, ATP and POC concentrations and respiration rates of microorganisms in the Changjiang Estuary and the plume were determined in July 1986. The high values of bacteria abundance occurred in the river mouth in association with suspended matter. It is assumed that bacteria were the major contributor to ATP and the main consumer of dissolved oxygen, and that the relationship between ATP and POC was present in that area. In the dilution zone (salinity; 25-30), instead of bacteria, phytoplankton was the major contributor to ATP and respiration rates, due to diatom bloom. Close relationships between Chi a and ATP, and ATP and POC were observed. Contribution of microbial carbon to POC was also estimated.  相似文献   

9.
The East Sea(Sea of Japan)is a marginal,semi-closed sea in the northwestern Pacific.The Ulleung Basin area,which is located near the subpolar front of the East Sea,is known to have high primary production and good fisheries in spring season.After episodic wind-driven events during the spring of 2017,horizontal and vertical profiles of physical chemical biological factors were investigated at 29 stations located in the Ulleung Basin area.In addition,growth responses of phytoplankton communities to nutrient additions were evaluated by bioassay experiments to understand the fluctuation of phytoplankton biomass.Because of strong northwestern wind,phytoplankton biomass was scattered and upwelling phenomenon might be suppressed in this season.The phytoplankton abundances in the coastal stations were significantly higher than offshore and island stations.In contrast,the nutrient and chlorophyll a(Chl a)concentrations and the phytoplankton biomass were quite low in all locations.Bacillariophyceae was dominated group(>75.1%for coastal,40.0%for offshore and 43.6%for island stations).In the algal bioassays,the phytoplankton production was stimulated by N availability.The in vivo Chl a values in the+N and+NP treatments were significantly higher than the values in the control and the+P treatments.Based on the field survey,the higher nutrients in coastal waters affected the growth of diatom assemblages,however,little prosperity of phytoplankton was observed in the offshore waters despite the injection of sufficient nutrients in bioassay experiments.The growth of phytoplankton depended on the initial cell density.All of results indicated that a dominant northwestern wind led to a limited nutrients condition at euphotic layers,and the low level of biomass supply from the coasts resulted in low primary production.Both supplying nutrients and introducing phytoplankton through the currents are critical to maintain the high productivity in the Ulleung Basin area of the East Sea.  相似文献   

10.
Introduction The estuarine and coastal waters are nutrient-enriched and the nutrient ratios have been altered as a result of the changed riverine input due to land-use change and anthropogenic nutrient emission over the last century [1, 2]. Estuarine and coastal ecosystems respond to such changes in nutrient budgets by shifting population dynamics of phytoplankton and hence of the rest of the food web, leading to changes in top-down as well as bottom-up control of community structures [3]. Sin…  相似文献   

11.
选取长江口外赤潮多发区沉积物柱状样,在高分辨率测年基础上,通过有机碳、有机碳同位素(δ13C)、生物硅、绿素等多项指标的分析获得了调查海区古生产力的变化信息。并结合近几十年来营养盐浓度及组成结构的变化探讨了海洋浮游藻类组成结构的变化在海洋古环境中的记录。柱状样年代可追溯到20世纪40年代初。δ13C值在柱中的分布为-26.15×10-3~-19.5×10-3,表明有机碳为陆源与海生的混合。生物标志物在柱状样中的分布可大致分为三个阶段,50年代以前含量均较低;50年代至80年代含量均增加,表明海洋浮游藻类活动强烈且以硅藻为主,与此阶段长江口营养盐浓度迅速增加相对应;80年代以后,生物硅的含量下降至整个柱中最低水平,绿素有所降低,但高于50年代前的水平,而有机碳含量增加,表明在该时段硅藻生物量降低,其他藻类生物量有所增加,这与长江口营养盐氮盐持续增加而硅酸盐逐年降低、氮与磷的含量比值、磷与硅的含量比值迅速增大有关。沉积记录还表明此阶段陆源有机碳的贡献增强。  相似文献   

12.
长江口沉积记录反映的近80年陆源输入和营养盐变化特征   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
A variety of environmental problems have been observed in the Changjiang River Estuary and adjacent coastal area, including eutrophication, harmful algal blooms (HABs), and hypoxia in recent decades. A...  相似文献   

13.
过去几十年来全球近海有害藻华（又称赤潮）发生频率持续增加。人类活动造成的河口-近海富营养化程度的加剧,被认为是导致全球有害藻华增加的主要原因。但是,富营养化程度的加剧可能不是全球有害藻华增加的惟一原因。河流入海的非营养盐类的其他物质通量变异（如泥沙）,也可能显著影响河口-近海的生物活动乃至赤潮的发生。过去40年来随着长江入海营养盐通量的增加,长江入海泥沙通量减少了70%。长期观测资料显示,由于泥沙减少使得长江口羽状流区光照条件显著改善,长江口浮游植物生物量最大值区已扩展至更低盐度的区域。此外,过去40年来长江口赤潮发生频率变化与长江入海泥沙通量变化呈现镜像关系,且二者呈显著的负相关关系。因此认为,长江入海泥沙的剧烈减少降低了羽状流区水体浊度,从而对长江口区赤潮频率的增加有一定贡献。  相似文献   

14.
通过对采集自南海北部的D06和S0612两个短柱状沉积物样品中的不同赋存形态钡、有机碳和生物硅的含量以及有机质碳氮同位素组成的分析，结果表明沉积物中的钡主要以碎屑钡和自生的生物钡形式存在。沉积物中生物钡的含量在10.3~385.2 μg/g之间，平均值为177.0 μg/g，据此计算的新生产力在12.3~146.7 mg/（d·m2）（以碳计）之间，平均为78.9 mg/（d·m2）；D06站计算的结果和附近站位的实测值相当。沉积物中有机碳的含量在0.64%~1.34%之间，平均值为0.89%，C/N比值为4.96~5.93，平均值为5.54。有机碳的δ13C值在-22.98‰~-20.73‰之间，平均值为-21.46‰，依据端元组份同位素组成计算的陆源有机质比率显示，D06站位的有机质主要来自海洋生物，而S0612站位则受陆源有机质的影响较大。沉积物中有机质的δ15N值在3.96‰~6.29‰之间，平均值为5.26‰，反映的是该海区氮源的同位素组成，而不受硝酸盐利用率的影响。  相似文献   

15.
近50年长江口的主要有机污染的记录   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
本文通过近50年来我国长江口及长江流域有机物污染物的研究记录和成果和国内外其它重要河口海域的资料进行对比分析,认为人类近50年的活动对长江口已造成了比较严重的有机污染。本世纪初长江干流中检出的有机污染物达308种。从上世纪50年代到80年代初长江口的有机氯农药污染呈逐年上升趋势,之后开始下降,但至今还对生态系统造成影响。同时,与上世纪80年代相比,上个世纪90年代长江口的多氯联苯(PCBs)污染要来得重。在上世纪50年代和60年代在我国沿海均已出现油污染,并在上世纪90年左右最为严重,虽然从上世纪90年代中期开始呈下降趋势。长江口多环环芳烃(PAHs)污染在上世纪70年代很少,但随着长江流域工业的发展,从上世纪80年代开始加重,到上世纪90年代中期才开始下降。  相似文献   

16.
Phytoplankton productivity and community structure in marginal seas have been altered significantly during the past three decades, but it is still a challenge to distinguish the forcing mechanisms between climate change and anthropogenic activities. High time-resolution biomarker records of two 210Pb-dated sediment cores(#34: 28.5°N, 122.272°E; CJ12-1269: 28.861 9°N, 122.515 3°E) from the Min-Zhe coastal mud area were compared to reveal changes of phytoplankton productivity and community structure over the past 100 years. Phytoplankton productivity started to increase gradually from the 1970 s and increased rapidly after the late 1990 s at Site #34; and it started to increase gradually from the middle 1960 s and increased rapidly after the late 1980 s at Site CJ12-1269. Productivity of Core CJ12-1269 was higher than that of Core #34. Phytoplankton community structure variations displayed opposite patterns in the two cores. The decreasing D/B(dinosterol/brassicasterol) ratio of Core #34 since the 1960 s revealed increased diatom contribution to total productivity. In contrast, the increasing D/B ratio of Core CJ12-1269 since the 1950 s indicated increased dinoflagellate contribution to total productivity. Both the productivity increase and the increased dinoflagellate contribution in Core CJ12-1269 since the 1950–1960s were mainly caused by anthropogenic activities, as the location was closer to the Changjiang River Estuary with higher nutrient concentration and decreasing Si/N ratios. However, increased diatom contribution in Core #34 is proposed to be caused by increased coastal upwelling, with higher nutrient concentration and higher Si/N ratios.  相似文献   

17.
中肋骨条藻是一种广温、广盐性的浮游硅藻，并且多次在长江口及其他海域形成赤潮，对海洋生态环境造成严重危害，因此引起国内、外赤潮研究者的广泛关注。不少学者对中肋骨条藻种群的生态、生理特点展开研究(刘东艳等，2002；黄文祥等，1989；邹景忠等，1989；李铁，1990，2000)。营养盐是海洋浮游植物所必需的成分，海水中某种营养盐含量过低往往对浮游植物生长形成限制(Myers et al.，1981；Brian，1986；胡明辉等，1989)。海水营养盐含量过高则易形成富营养化，可进一步引发赤潮(周名江，2001)。硝酸盐是海洋浮游植物所必需的营养物质之一，它直接影响着浮游植物的生长、繁殖等生物活动(李铁，2000；Ryther et al.，1971)。研究海水中硝酸盐浓度和N/P对浮游藻类生长的影响将有助于我们了解高营养化与赤潮发生之间的关系。本文对在不同营养结构条件下，中肋骨条藻的生长速率、培养介质中的pH和溶解有机碳(DOC)进行了研究。  相似文献   

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