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系统介绍了胜利滩海油田勘探开发基本情况、含油面积、生产层位、控制储量及所处的地理位置、环境条件和特点,为实现滩海边际油田的最佳经济效益,分析对比了人工岛方案和常规海洋石油开发工程建设模式基础,确立了“安全、简易、经济、高效、重视环保”工程建设指导思想,逐步探索出适应胜利滩海石油开发工程的建设模式。着重阐述了胜利滩海石油工程建设在不同发展阶段所产生的各种工程建设模式的优缺点、适应性、使用价值及其演变 相似文献
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现代黄河三角洲的泥沙运移是河-海动力相互作用下的泥沙分配和再分配结果。现行水口门区岸滩和水下岸坡仍以不大的速率向海淤进,三角洲西段和南段沿岸基本处于动态平衡状态,三角洲中段广大岸段大都处于不同程度的冲刷蚀退态势。冲刷蚀退已严重地恶化了黄河现代三角洲的发育功能和三角洲经济开发环境,对油田的滩海工程和海上设施造成了严重威胁。 相似文献
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根据相似理论和物理模拟技术，解决滩海油气开发工程技术问题，以此为目标对滩海工程模拟实验室进行整体设计、造流、造潮、测试等各系统的设计及配套设备研制。实验室具有“滩”字特色；模拟滩海工程建筑物于海洋动力环境下的受力，及其置位区泥沙海床变形，具有相当齐备的配套试验条件。对滩海环境动力要素能实施单项和多项合成模拟。 相似文献
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在滩海油田首次进行海底注水管道的铺设、受其结构等因素的影响,其施工工艺及技术性远比海底输出管道更复杂,难度更大。本文介绍了滩海油田海底注水管道的施工工艺,并对接口内防腐技术,底拖法海管拖运技术、海上接口技术及立管吊装技术做了详细的阐述。 相似文献
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地质建模是油田开发的基础性工作,由于滩海油田特殊的地理位置条件,造成钻井少,各种资料获取、采集难度大,给处于开发初期的油田带来了较大挑战。以大港滩海关家堡开发区为例,提出在前期地质概念模型的指导下,多学科综合,应用随机模拟理论,采用储层约束反演与地质建模相结合,建立储层岩性模型,并在岩性模型的控制下实现储层参数建模,通过三维地质模型的建立,提取出沿设计井轨迹方向的预测曲线成果,指导复杂结构井的钻探,利用该建模思路与成果,大大降低了井间储层预测的不确定性与开发风险,现场实施效果显著,其建模方法对于类似滩海稀井网开发提供了很好的借鉴。 相似文献
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本文采用数值模拟方法研究了笔架岭油田滩海公路与潮流的相互作用。根据对模拟结果的分析，认为工程方案Ｉ和方案ＩＩ的条件，潮流均不至于对新修路段产生严重损坏，但就潮流的冲淤效果上看，方案ＩＩ比方案Ｉ更有利于路基的维护，风险探井路（方案ＩＩ）的走向合理，但必须在跨越大凌河东水道的路段上修筑桥涵。 相似文献
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河口最大浑浊带形成的动力模式和数值试验 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
应用改进的ECOM模式，耦合泥沙输运模型，研究理想河口最大浑浊带形成的动力机制。河口最大浑浊带位于滞流点处，上下游余流均向该处输运泥沙，造成该处泥沙汇合，而由流场辐合产生的上升流又使该处的泥沙不易落淤。南岸(河口东向)的泥沙浓度比北岸高，最大浑浊带位于南岸，这是由于盐水入侵带来的高盐水位于北岸的底层，其斜压效应使底层的环流由北向南流动，把底层高浓度的泥沙向南岸平流，聚集于南岸底层。除上游河流泥沙来源外，强大的涨落潮流冲刷床面，使沉降于床面的泥沙再次悬浮，成为余流输运泥沙的来源之一。 相似文献
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胜利油田海上勘探区 ,位于渤海湾南部的极浅海海域 ,其范围为 :西起四女寺河口 ,经套儿河口、老黄河口、新黄河口、小青河口 ,东到潍河口 ,海岸长 4 1 4km,胜利矿产登记线内面积 4 870 km2 ,水深一般 0～ 5m,最深 1 8m。截止 2 0 0 0年年底 ,已完成二维地震 71 3 6.1 km,三维地震 1 588.58km2 ,完钻探井 1 0 2口 ,测井解释油气层井 87口 ,试油 85口 ,其中 74口获工业油流 ,6口获低产油流。发现了埕岛、埕北 3 0、新滩 3个油田 ,在明化镇组、馆陶组、东营组、沙河街组、中生界、上古生界、下古生界、太古界中发现了 8套含油层系 ,6种类型的油气藏 ,已探明含油面积 1 45.8km2 ,石油地质储量 3 860 9万 t;控制含油面积57.5km2 ,石油地质储量 894 8万 t,其中埕岛油田是渤海域发现最早的亿吨级油田 ,目前已建成 2 1 6万 t年生产能力 ,累积产油 1 0 57万 t。根据两轮资源评价及勘探实践的认识 ,与本区有关的 8个生油凹陷 (岐口、沙南、渤中、埕北、桩东、青东、莱州湾、潍北 )总资源量约 1 2 .0亿 t,目前已找到探明加控制石油地质储量为 4 .75亿 t,仍有较大的勘探开发潜力。今后将对 8个构造带 (埕子口、埕岛、埕北 3 0、长堤、垦东、青东、青坨子、潍北 )进行勘探 ,落实探明储量 ,进一步投入开发 ,为胜利油田 相似文献
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辽东湾北部浅海区现代冲淤动态分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对辽东湾北部浅海区现代动力分析，本文对该区岸线变化、潮滩冲淤以及水下动态进行了初步分析。用细粒级沉积物堆积的沉积延迟效应理论论来解释该区西部岸线向海推移和潮滩淤积。水下部分－１—－３ｍ处为波浪破碎区和潮流强烈作用区，受到侵蚀和冲刷，并且悬浮的泥沙几岸和深水区运移，形成两个稳定堆积区。 相似文献
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Microbial biomass response to different quantities and sources of organic matter in Brazilian coastal sediments 
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下载免费PDF全文 Cintia O. Quintana Paula C. de Moraes Marcos Y. Yoshinaga Stuart G. Wakeham Paulo Y. G. Sumida 《Marine Ecology》2015,36(3):766-779
This study investigates the benthic microbial responses to organic matter (OM) variations in quantity and sources in two shallow water bays (Fortaleza and Ubatuba Bays) on the SE coast of Brazil on six occasions during the year. The pelagic and benthic compartments of the bays were evaluated by: (i) nutrients and chlorophyll a (Chl a) in the water column; (ii) quantity and sources of OM in the sediment (Chl a, total organic carbon and total nitrogen and lipid biomarker composition); and (iii) microbial biomass in sediments as an indicator of active benthic response. Although there were changes in water‐column nutrients during the year, Chl a was fairly constant, suggesting a regular supply of microalgae‐derived OM to the sea bottom. Based on the composition of lipid biomarkers in sediments, OM sources were classified as mostly marine and with high contributions of labile (microalgae‐derived) OM. Labile OM composition varied from diatoms in the summer to phytoflagellates in the winter and tended to accumulate in areas protected by physical disturbances in one of the bays. Microbial biomass followed this trend and was 160% higher in protected than in exposed areas. This study suggests that the coupling between labile OM and benthic microbial biomass occurs primarily in protected areas, irrespective of the time of the year. Since meio‐ and macrofaunal assemblages depend upon secondary microbial production within the sediments, this coupling may have an important role for the benthic food‐web. 相似文献
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In order to determine the temporal and spatial variations of nutrient profiles in the shallow pore water columns (upper 30
cm depth) of intertidal sandflats, we measured the salinity and nutrient concentrations in pore water and seawater at various
coastal environments along the southern coast of Korea. In the intertidal zone, salinity and nutrient concentrations in pore
water showed marked vertical changes with depth, owing to the active exchange between the pore water and overlying seawater,
while they are temporally more stable and vertically constant in the sublittoral zone. In some cases, the advective flow of
fresh groundwater caused strong vertical gradients of salinity and nutrients in the upper 10 cm depth of surface sediments,
indicating the active mixing of the fresher groundwater with overlying seawater. Such upper pore water column profiles clearly
signified the temporal fluctuation of lower-salinity and higher-Si seawater intrusion into pore water in an intertidal sandflat
near the mouth of an estuary. We also observed a semimonthly fluctuation of pore water nutrients due to spring-neap tide associated
recirculation of seawater through the upper sediments. Our study shows that the exchange of water and nutrients between shallow
pore water and overlying seawater is most active in the upper 20 cm layer of intertidal sandflats, due to physical forces
such as tides, wave set-up, and density-thermal gradient. 相似文献
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Much attention should be paid to a large FPSO moored permanently in an oil field with water depth of only about 20 m, since shallow water effects on the hydrodynamics may bring about collision and damage. A 160kDWT FPSO with a permanent soft yoke mooring system is investigated with various shallow water depths and focuses are the low frequency surge motion and mooring load. Computation for the FPSO system is made based on linear 3-D potential fluid theory and time-domain numerical simulation method. Corresponding model test is carried out in the ocean engineering basin of Shanghai Jiao Tong University. It is shown that, in the surge natural period, low frequency surge motion and mooring force increase remarkably with the decrease of water depth. Especially, the smaller the ratio of water depth and draught is, the quicker the increase is. The shallow water effects should be taken into account carefully for determining the design load of a single point mooring system. 相似文献
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黄河三角洲飞雁滩沉积物颗粒度分布和粒度参数特征及水动力解释 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
黄河三角洲飞雁滩因入海河口改道而缺乏泥沙来源,导致海滩蚀退10余km。近30a来,蚀退后的浅滩在不同潮流和风浪的作用下,浅海滩沉积物颗粒在空间分布上出现明显的差异,表现为浅水区沉积物粗于深水区,来沙少的沉积区粗于来沙多的沉积区。根据2004年实测沉积物颗粒度参数和实测水流及风浪资料分析,该海滩可以分为三个沉积区:I号沉积区,水深较浅,泥沙补给较少,主要受不同风浪的影响,沉积物颗粒组成较粗,以细砂和粉砂为主,分选良好,目前抗冲能力较强;II号沉积区,水深较浅,水流较弱,常受来自高中低潮滩下泄水流携带的细颗粒泥沙影响,沉积物组成粗细混合,以粉砂质粘土为主,分选较差;III号沉积区,水深大,在潮流和风浪作用下,常有来自沿岸尤其I号沉积区的细颗粒泥沙影响,沉积物组成粗细混合,以粘土质粉砂为主,分选较差。黄河三角洲飞雁滩桩106海滩沉积物空间分布较好地反映了泥沙来源和沉积动力条件,该成果可为海岸海滩防护工程规划设计提供科学依据。 相似文献