共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
饵料中添加益生菌对大菱鲆幼鱼肠道菌群及部分免疫指标的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
作者以初体质量为(4.80±0.11)g的大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)为研究对象,在循环水水族箱中进行60 d饲喂实验,研究饲料中添加单一益生菌和复合益生菌对大菱鲆肠道菌群及部分血液免疫指标的影响。以基础饲料为对照组,在基础饲料中分别添加枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)、枯草芽孢杆菌+地衣芽孢杆菌(1:1)、嗜酸乳酸菌(Lactobacillus acidophi-lus)、双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium inopinatum)、嗜酸乳酸菌+双歧杆菌(1:1)、枯草芽孢杆菌+地衣芽孢杆菌+嗜酸乳酸菌+双歧杆菌(1:1:1:1),每克饲料约含菌3.0×109个/g干质量,共配制7种实验饲料。实验结果显示,饲料中添加益生菌对肠道中总菌数无显著影响,但显著降低了肠道弧菌数(P<0.05),显著提高了大菱鲆酚氧化酶活力、溶菌酶活性和总抗氧化力。添加不同的益生菌对血细胞数、血清蛋白浓度及超氧化物歧化酶的影响不同,例如添加的益生菌中含有乳酸菌能显著提高大菱鲆血清蛋白浓度(P<0.05),而添加芽孢杆菌无此效果。上述实验结果表明,与添加单一益生菌相比,在饲料中添加复合益生菌对降低大菱鲆肠道弧菌总数,提高机体免疫力具有更好的促进作用。 相似文献
2.
Effects of dietary probiotic on intestinal bacteria and immunity of juvenile Scophthalmus musmaximus
《海洋科学》2012,36(2)
作者以初体质量为（4.80±0.11）g的大菱鲆（Scophthalmus maximus）为研究对象,在循环水水族箱中进行60 d饲喂实验,研究饲料中添加单一益生菌和复合益生菌对大菱鲆肠道菌群及部分血液免疫指标的影响。以基础饲料为对照组,在基础饲料中分别添加枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）、地衣芽孢杆菌（Bacillus licheniformis）、枯草芽孢杆菌＋地衣芽孢杆菌（1：1）、嗜酸乳酸菌（Lactobacillus acidophi-lus）、双歧杆菌（Bifidobacterium inopinatum）、嗜酸乳酸菌＋双歧杆菌（1：1）、枯草芽孢杆菌＋地衣芽孢杆菌＋嗜酸乳酸菌＋双歧杆菌（1：1：1：1）,每克饲料约含菌3.0×109个/g干质量,共配制7种实验饲料。实验结果显示,饲料中添加益生菌对肠道中总菌数无显著影响,但显著降低了肠道弧菌数（P〈0.05）,显著提高了大菱鲆酚氧化酶活力、溶菌酶活性和总抗氧化力。添加不同的益生菌对血细胞数、血清蛋白浓度及超氧化物歧化酶的影响不同,例如添加的益生菌中含有乳酸菌能显著提高大菱鲆血清蛋白浓度（P〈0.05）,而添加芽孢杆菌无此效果。上述实验结果表明,与添加单一益生菌相比,在饲料中添加复合益生菌对降低大菱鲆肠道弧菌总数,提高机体免疫力具有更好的促进作用。 相似文献
3.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2017,(4)
为研究芽孢杆菌对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)生长指标和血清非特异性免疫指标的影响。以初始体重(4.00±0.03)g的凡纳滨对虾为对象,在对虾饲料中分别添加浓度为1×10~7、1×10~9和1×10~(11)cfu/kg的蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)和枯草芽孢杆菌(B.subtilis),以对虾商品饲料为对照组,养殖42d。实验结束后,测定凡纳滨对虾的生长情况和血清非特异性免疫指标。研究表明:各组对虾的成活率均在90%以上,且组间差异不显著(P0.05);除了枯草芽孢杆菌1×107cfu/kg添加组,其余添加组中凡纳滨对虾的体重、特定生长率、饲料效率和消化率(P0.05)显著提高,在添加浓度为1×109cfu/kg时各指标取得最大值。饲料中添加益生菌可提高凡纳滨对虾的超氧化物歧化酶、碱性磷酸酶、酸性磷酸酶、溶菌酶、总一氧化氮合酶、诱导型一氧化氮合酶活性和血清蛋白浓度等血清非特异性免疫指标,且均在添加浓度为1×109cfu/kg时各指标取得最大值。研究结果表明,饲料中添加适当浓度的益生菌可有效促进凡纳滨对虾的生长,提高其血清非特异性免疫水平。当益生菌的添加浓度为1×109cfu/kg时,效果最显著。 相似文献
4.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2021,(11)
本文研究了水体中添加聚羟基丁酸戊酸酯(PHBV)和异养硝化-好氧反硝化细菌枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)H1及H1与短小芽孢杆菌(B.pumilus)BP-171、盐单胞菌(Halomonas sp.)DN3的不同组合对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)养殖系统水质和对虾生长、非特异免疫指标的影响。研究分别设置了PHBV添加组(D1)、芽孢杆菌H1添加组(D2)、芽孢杆菌H1+PHBV添加组(D3)、芽孢杆菌H1+盐单胞菌DN3+PHBV添加组(D4)芽孢杆菌H1+BP-171+盐单胞菌DN3+PHBV添加组(D5),以不添加PHBV和益生菌的实验组作为对照(DZ)。研究表明:同时添加益生菌和PHBV处理组的水体总氨氮、亚硝态氮、硝态氮、总无机氮和总氮浓度均显著低于对照组(P0.05);单独添加PHBV可有效降低水体总氨氮、硝酸氮、总无机氮和总氮浓度,但对亚硝酸氮影响不大(P0.05);单独添加枯草芽孢杆菌H1对总氨氮、硝酸氮去除效果最佳,而同时添加PHBV和3株益生菌对亚硝酸氮去除效果最佳;各处理组总磷平均浓度未见差异,同时添加PHBV和益生菌可显著降低水体活性磷浓度(P0.05)。各处理组对虾的特定生长率、成活率、总重均显著高于对照组(P0.05),以同时添加益生菌和PHBV处理组效果最佳;添加益生菌和PHBV均可不同程度提高对虾的非特异免疫能力。研究结果表明,水体中添加适宜的益生菌和PHBV可有效改善水质,提高对虾的生长性能,并在一定程度上增强对虾的非特异免疫能力。添加益生菌处理优于单独添加PHBV,同时添加益生菌和PHBV有助于提高对虾的生长性能。 相似文献
5.
本文研究了不同饲料添加物对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)肠道菌群结构的影响。实验设计了5种不同的饲料添加物,分别为破壁酵母(A,添加量为0.6%)、中草药提取物(B,添加量为0.3%)、柠檬酸(C,添加量为0.3%)、益生菌(D,蜡样芽孢杆菌Bacillus cereus BC-01,添加量为109cfu/kg)和氟苯尼考(E,添加量为15mg/kg),以投喂实验用基础饲料组作为对照(F)。每个处理组分别设置了5个重复,每个重复10尾虾,实验进行了42d。采用PCR-DGGE技术分析了饲料中不同添加物对凡纳滨对虾肠道菌群结构的影响,研究结果表明:凡纳滨对虾肠道内菌群归属于γ-变形菌纲、黄杆菌纲和芽孢杆菌纲,它们分别为埃希氏菌属(Escherichia)、弧菌属(Vibrio)、假交替单胞菌属(Pseudoalteromonas)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、志贺氏菌属(Shigella)、Tamlana属和Formosa属。A、B、C和D处理组以埃希氏菌属为主要优势菌,E组和对照组以弧菌属为主要优势菌。其中,对照组中弧菌的相对含量最高为37.74%,其次是E组,相对含量为23.79%。总体比较,添加中草药提取物、柠檬酸及芽孢杆菌处理组对虾肠道菌群结构相似,而与添加破壁酵母、氟苯尼考和对照组的细菌群落结构有所差异。饲料中添加适量的破壁酵母、中草药提取物、柠檬酸、芽孢杆菌及氟苯尼考均对凡纳滨对虾肠道内的弧菌属细菌有一定的抑制作用,其中以添加0.6%的破壁酵母效果最佳,可有效抑制对虾肠道中的弧菌属细菌。 相似文献
6.
以初始体质量为(12.2±0.01)g的大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)为实验对象,进行为期56 d的摄食生长实验,在基础饲料中添加240 mg/kg的稀土(Rare earth elements,REE),研究了REE对大菱鲆生长和非特异性免疫力的影响。结果表明:饲料中添加稀土后,大菱鲆的成活率提了8.95%,特定生长率提高了15.79%,增重率提高了26.88%,而饲料系数显著低于对照组(P<0.05);饲料中添加稀土喂养的大菱鲆血液中性粒细胞的吞噬指数和超氧化歧化酶活性高于对照组。同时,饲料中添加稀土后,大菱鲆抵抗迟缓爱德华氏菌感染的能力增强。因此,在饲料中添加REE,能够显著提高大菱鲆的生长和非特异性免疫力。 相似文献
7.
以初始体质量为(12.2±0.01)g的大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)为实验对象,进行为期56 d的摄食生长实验,在基础饲料中添加240 mg/kg的稀土(Rare earth elements,REE),研究了REE对大菱鲆生长和非特异性免疫力的影响.结果表明:饲料中添加稀上后,大菱鲆的成活率提了8.95％,特定生长率提高了 15.79％,增重率提高了26.88％,而饲料系数显著低于对照组(P＜0.05);饲料中添加稀土喂养的大菱鲆血液中性粒细胞的吞噬指数和超氧化歧化酶活性高于对照组.同时,饲料中添加稀土后,大菱鲆抵抗迟缓爱德华氏菌感染的能力增强.因此,在饲料中添加REE,能够显著提高大菱鲆的生长和非特异性免疫力. 相似文献
8.
饲料中添加益生菌对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)非特异免疫基因表达量和抗病力的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用实时荧光定量PCR方法,进行肠道复合益生菌对凡纳滨对虾相关免疫基因表达量的研究。通过感染实验,分析饲料中添加益生菌对凡纳滨对虾病毒感染能力的影响。结果表明,Real-time PCR揭示在投喂期间饲料中添加芽孢杆菌/溶藻弧菌组的对虾血淋巴细胞中的proPO、SOD和LZM的相对表达量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);感染WSSV后,对芽孢杆菌/溶藻弧菌组凡纳滨对虾血淋巴7个采样时间点的proPO、SOD、LZM的表达进行Real-time PCR分析,检测表明WSSV刺激24h后,对虾血淋巴中的proPO、SOD和LZM的表达呈现显著性上调,且分别在48h、96h、96h达到最大值。累积死亡率结果证实饲料中添加益生菌均可提高其对虾抗WSSV感染的能力,尤其以坚强芽孢杆菌活菌与溶藻弧菌活菌配合使用效果更佳。 相似文献
9.
壳寡糖对大菱鲆生长和免疫功能的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以基础饲料中添加500mg/kg壳寡糖(Chitosan oligosaccharide,COS)喂养初始体质量为(12.2±0.01)g的大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus L.)8周,研究COS对大菱鲆生长、血清免疫相关酶活性和抵抗迟缓爱德华氏菌感染能力的影响。结果表明:饲料中添加壳寡糖后,大菱鲆成活率得到提高,特定生长率和增重率分别提高了15.79%和25.26%。相比对照组,饲料中添加壳寡糖饲养的大菱鲆血液中性粒细胞的吞噬指数提高了4.51%,酸性磷酸酶活性提高了32.89%,同时,大菱鲆抵抗迟缓爱德华氏菌感染的免疫保护力显著增强(P<0.05)。研究表明,在饲料中添加壳寡糖能够提高大菱鲆的生长、非特异性免疫功能和免疫保护力。 相似文献
10.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2017,(Z1)
为研究3种益生菌及其复合菌对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)的生长和血清非特异性免疫的影响。以基础饲料为对照组,在基础饲料中分别添加浓度为1×109cfu/kg的蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)、嗜酸乳杆菌(Lactobacillus acidophilus)和酪酸菌(Clostridium butyricum),并以1∶1∶1比例添加浓度为1×109和3×109cfu/kg的复合菌,共5个处理组。养殖42d后,测量了5组凡纳滨对虾的生长与成活率、饲料效率、特定生长率和超氧化物歧化酶、溶菌酶、碱性磷酸酶及酸性磷酸酶的活性。研究表明:凡纳滨对虾的成活率均在90%以上,各处理间差异不显著(P0.05)。饲料中添加3种菌及其复合菌均可显著提高凡纳滨对虾的体重、特定生长率和饲料效率等指标,且均在酪酸菌组取得最大值并显著高于其它处理组(P0.05)。饲料中添加3种益生菌及其复合菌均能不同程度地提高凡纳滨对虾的超氧化物歧化酶、溶菌酶、碱性磷酸酶和酸性磷酸酶等血清非特异性免疫指标,各处理组均显著高于对照组(P0.05),其中酪酸菌组各免疫指标均取得最大值。研究结果显示,饲料中添加3种菌及其复合菌均可有效促进凡纳滨对虾的生长,提高其血清非特异性免疫水平,其中以添加酪酸菌的效果最为显著。 相似文献
11.
12.
经济海藻繁育、养殖及综合利用是海洋农牧业及工业的重要组成部分。20世纪经过几代人的努力，我国在海带、紫菜、裙带菜及龙须菜的繁育、养殖关键技术等方面成功取得突破，为这些海藻的产业化提供坚实的保障，为我国成为世界海藻大国奠定了基础。海藻养殖产业为人们提供了食品、藻胶及其它丰富的产品，这包括保健品、功能食品、化妆品及药物等。海藻养殖产业也对人类经济、社会的发展起到重要作用，通过吸收环境中的二氧化碳、氮和磷，为海洋生态环境的改善发挥了重要作用。本文对我国海藻繁育、养殖及综合开发的历程进行简要回顾，对当前我国、中国科学院海洋研究海藻研究与应用进行了总结，对海藻研究发展的未来进行了展望；适应海藻产业从量向质的方向转变，同时兼顾生态环境效益，为我国海藻研发及应用提供参考。 相似文献
13.
为探究肿瘤易感基因101(简称TSG101)对斑节对虾(Penaeusmonodon)的免疫应答作用,了解在细菌刺激下斑节对虾的机体发生的变化机制,本研究以哈维弧菌(Vibrioharveyi)和金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcusaureus)为实验组,以磷酸缓冲液(PBS)为对照组,通过荧光定量分析展开对斑节对虾对菌刺激的免疫应答作用。结果显示,斑节对虾的TSG101在各组织中均有表达,在肝胰腺中的表达量最高。在金黄色葡萄球菌刺激下,斑节对虾的TSG101在肝胰腺中的表达量与对照组相比呈极显著上调(P0.01),第12小时的TSG101 mRNA的表达量达到最大(为对照组的21.60倍);在鳃中的表达量与对照组相比呈极显著上调(P0.01),第6小时斑节对虾TSG101的表达量达到最大值(为对照组的3.64倍)。在注射哈维弧菌第9小时,肝胰腺中的PmTSG101 mRNA表达量极显著上调(P0.01)且达到最大(为对照组的2.50倍)。实验结果初步表明,斑节TSG101参与斑节对虾的先天免疫反应,在金黄色葡萄球菌和哈维弧菌的刺激的情况下,该基因RNA水平的表达情况发生明显变化。 相似文献
14.
向水体中添加不同浓度的短小芽孢杆菌CGMCC1004（Bacillus pumilus）和胶红酵母菌CGMCC1013（Rhodotorula mucilaginosa）以研究凡纳滨对虾（Litoenaeus vapznamei）体长、体质量、存活率、胃蛋白酶、肝胰腺淀粉酶和肝胰腺脂肪酶的影响，以及需钠弧菌（Vibrio natriegens）的感染效果。结果表明：向水体中添加10^4CFU／mL短小芽孢杆菌能提高对虾体长、存活率，但结果不显著，但对体质量增长率具有显著提高作用；水体中添加10^4CFU／mL短小芽孢杆菌对提高需钠弧菌感染后对虾成活率有一定的提高作用；水体中添加10^4CFU／mL短小芽孢杆菌能显著提高胃蛋白酶活性，但是对肝胰腺淀粉酶活性有一定抑制作用；添加复合菌剂比添加单一菌种的作用要好；亦证明了向水体中添加细菌的方式对凡纳滨对虾的体长、体质量、存活率以及水质指标影响比较小，但是对消化酶具有一定的提高作用。 相似文献
15.
Eight ophiuroid species, six from the northern Kattegat-eastern Skagerrak and three from the northern Adriatic Sea, were examined for regeneration of arms. The species were separated into groups based upon mode of feeding and habitat. Comparison between groups collected in the northern Kattegat-eastern Skagerrak showed that infaunal suspension- and deposit-feeding species (Amphiura filiformis and A. chiajei) had significantly more scars per arm (mean number 0.78) than epibenthic suspension feeders (Ophiothrix fragilis and Ophiocomina nigra, 0.29) or epibenthic carnivores and deposit feeders (Ophiura ophiura and O. albida, 0.13). Spatial variation in arm regeneration incidence was found between sampling sites in the northern Kattegat-eastern Skagerrak for Amphiura filiformis and in the northern Adriatic Sea for Ophiothrix quinquemaculata. The ash-free dry weight (AFDW) and nitrogen (N) contents were measured in arms of six species of brittle-stars from the northern Kattegat-eastern Skagerrak. Differences between species were found, with highest concentrations of AFDW and N in Amphiura filiformis, intermediate in A. chiajei, Ophiocomina nigra and Ophiothrix fragilis, and lowest in Ophiura ophiura and O. albida. As the infaunal suspension- and deposit-feeding brittle-stars (Amphiura spp.) had the highest proportions of damaged arms and highest AFDW and N contents in their arms in this comparison, it is suggested that selective cropping of arms by demersal fish is the main cause of arm damage on Amphiura spp. in this area. 相似文献
16.
Four species in the genus Navicula were isolated using the serial dilution method. Based on scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and sequence comparisons of two segments of genes(small ribosomal subunit and large subunit of Rubisco), the species were identified as Navicula perminuta, N. pseudacceptata, N. vara, and N. rhynchocephala. Based on phylogenetic analysis and culture trials, there was a close relationship between N. perminuta and N. vara. Growth of these species was evaluated using measurements of optical density at 680 nm(OD680) under various environmental factors. Results showed that the optimum culture conditions were 25℃, 50–100 μmol photons m-2 s-1, pH 8.0, and salinities from 25 to 30. However, the favorable salinity for N. perminuta was surprisingly high at 35. Nutrient requirement analysis demonstrated that growth of Navicula depended on the availability of SiO32-. Their relative growth rates(RGR) peaked at the highest tested level(0.25 mmol/L). The optimal concentrations of NO3- and PO43- were 3.6 mmol/L and 0.18 mmol/L, respectively. Culture of these Navicula species for abalone or sea cucumber aquaculture should take these factors into consideration. 相似文献
17.
18.
In order to trace their feeding habits, stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios (delta15N and delta13C), as well as trace metal concentrations (Zn, Cd, Fe, Cu, Se and Hg) were analysed in the tissues of five commercial shark species from the Celtic Sea: the tope shark Galeorhinus galeus, the black-mouthed catshark Galeus melastomus, the starry smooth hound Mustelus asterias, the spiny dogfish Squalus acanthias and the lesser-spotted dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula. Our results were compared to previously described stomach contents and isotopic composition of potential preys. Isotopic ratio delta15N suggested that tope sharks fed at a higher trophic level (16.7 per thousand in the muscle) than the other species, reflecting its piscivorous diet. The lower values of spiny dogfish (11.6 per thousand in the muscle) might be explained, amongst other things, by either its migratory behaviour or its preference for preys from lower trophic levels. Cd and Hg were correlated with isotopic ratios delta13C and delta15N, and were shown to be diet-related whereas Zn, Fe and Cu seemed much more linked to species-specific metabolism. Although this multidisciplinary approach is revealed as a useful tool for the study of shark ecology, the lack of known trophic fractionation suggests that isotopic data be compared to traditional diet analyses. 相似文献
19.
The aim of the present study was to investigate seasonal and spatial patterns of soil oxygen consumption, nitrification, denitrification and fluxes of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) in a tidal salt marsh of the Lagoon of Venice, Italy. In the salt marsh, intact soil cores including overlying water were collected monthly at high tide from April to October in salt marsh creeks and in areas covered by the dominant vegetation, Limonium serotinum. In May, cores were also collected in areas with vegetation dominated by Juncus maritimus and Halimione portulacoides. In laboratory incubations at in situ temperature in the dark, flux rates of oxygen and DIN were monitored in the overlying water of the intact cores. 15N-nitrate was added to the overlying water and nitrification and denitrification were measured using isotope-dilution and -pairing techniques. The results show that highest soil oxygen consumption coincided with the highest water temperature in June and July. The highest denitrification rates were recorded in spring and autumn coinciding with the highest nitrate concentrations. Soil oxygen consumption and nitrification rates differed between sampling sites, but denitrification rates were similar among the different vegetation types. The highest rates were recorded in areas covered with L. serotinum. Burrowing soil macrofauna enhanced oxygen consumption, nitrification and denitrification in April and May. The data presented in this study indicate high temporal as well as spatial variations in the flux of oxygen and DIN, and nitrogen transformations in the tidal salt marshes of the Venice lagoon during the growth season. The results identify the salt marshes of the Venice lagoon as being metabolically very active ecosystems with a high capacity to process nitrogen. 相似文献
20.
Vertical and horizontal distribution of meiofauna in mangrove sediments in Transkei, southern Africa
The depth-distribution profiles of meiofauna in four transects in the Mngazana River, Transkei were studied during summer 1980. Highest densities [±1000(100 cm3)−1] were encountered within the top 10 cm of the sediment. Nematodes dominated (80%) and the remainder was made up of ciliates, oligochaetes, gastrotrichs, and low numbers of polychaetes, copepods, kinorhynchs and various crustacean larvae. Among chemical parameters Eh correlated most consistantly with distribution, particularly at the lower tidal levels. Temperature and pH appeared to be of lesser importance. The maximum estimated depth of penetration was on average 72 cm at the HW levels; 32 at MW and 23 at LW. The mean dry biomass was estimated at 1073 mg m−2; 941 mg m−2 and 196 mg m−2 at these tidal levels respectively. The importance of preliminary studies designed to estimate the depth distribution of meiofauna is discussed. 相似文献