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基于因子分析对2012~2013年海河流域pH、DO、COD、BOD5、氨态氮和总石油烃等6项水质指标的监测数据进行统计,并对其中四项指标进行水污染综合指数评估,旨在对海河水质进行较为系统的评价。结果显示,BJ1和HB2两个站位水质属于Ⅳ类标准,其余各站位均为Ⅴ类;各站位综合评价结果得到海河流域指数为1.44,说明海河流域处于污染状态,其污染程度超过该流域功能区的标准。因子分析发现,COD、DO和NH3-N之间差异显著(P0.05);主成分分析显示,除pH和BOD5外,其余指标都在0.70以上;COD、DO、NH3-N和TPH的贡献率较高,其中总石油烃的贡献率为100%,因此可以认为该海域的污染类型属于有机污染,且石油烃污染较为突出。 相似文献
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汞的界面地球化学研究进展 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
汞的使用历史悠久，工业革命以来，汞广泛应用于工农业生产的各个方面。目前，汞的人为释放通量已超过其自然通量，汞对人类和高等生物具有极大危害性，低分子量的有机汞能引起神经系统的严重缺陷，表现出强烈的致畸、致癌和致突变活性，20世纪60年代日本爆发了震惊世界的水俣病事件。我国很早以来就将环境保护作为一项基本国策，但由于种种原因，我国水资源面临的污染却越来越严重。2001年度全国7大水系监测的752个重点断面中，Ⅰ～Ⅲ类水质仅占29．5％，Ⅳ类水质占17．7％，Ⅴ类和劣Ⅴ类水质占52．8％。“三河三湖”中淮河、辽河、巢湖污染加重，海河Ⅴ类和劣Ⅴ类水质断面占74．9%，太湖、滇池的所有断面均为Ⅴ类和劣Ⅴ类水质，“三河三湖”依然是我国污染最严重的水域。 相似文献
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以2006-2008年的南四湖4条入湖河流水质监测数据为基础,以溶解氧、高锰酸盐指数、5日生化需氧量和氨氮作为监测项目,采用综合水质标识指数评价法对南四湖入湖河流进行水质评价.结果表明,除泗河监测断面水质为Ⅲ类水体外,其他都属于Ⅳ、Ⅴ类水体,污染较为严重.本研究可为南四湖主要入湖河流的污染治理提供一定的科学依据. 相似文献
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根据俚岛镇海湾22个海洋观测点的水质监测数据,依据人工神经网络与模糊理论,建立模糊神经网络模型,对研究区海水水质进行了综合评价.结果表明,区域内40.91％的采样点属于Ⅰ类海水水质标准,其余为Ⅱ类海水水质.其中,水质Ⅱ类区位于临络湾与俚岛湾的半封闭海域,因该区造船业对水体造成污染且海水对流强度较弱,不利于污染物的扩散;而海水水质Ⅰ类区域靠近黄海,工业活动较少,水体对流较强,利于污染物扩散. 相似文献
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为加强对重点海域水环境质量的掌握以及保护海洋生态环境,文章基于24个站位的监测结果,综合单因子污染指数法、富营养指数法和有机污染评价指数法的评价方法,评价2015-2019年滦河口-北戴河海域水环境质量状况。研究结果表明：研究区域整体水质较好;无机氮、活性磷酸盐和化学需氧量存在不同程度的超标现象,但大部分站位符合第一类海水水质标准;2015年和2018年位于河口的站位处于富营养状态,其他年份和站位均处于贫营养状态;除近岸和河口的个别站位外,海水未受到有机污染,水质处于较好或良好状态,且有继续向好发展的趋势。 相似文献
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为了解南四湖13条典型河流入湖口区的水质状况,本研究利用污染分担率值确定评价因子,并应用模糊数学改进层次分析法(IAHP)确定权重,同时求出各水质级别的模糊隶属函数并计算相应的隶属度,最后应用模糊综合评价法对其进行评价。结果表明:河流入湖口区的水质均较差,绝大多数属于Ⅳ类,TP和TN对水质的影响程度较大并远远超出发生富营养化的临界条件。梁济运河和城郭河入湖口区的水质甚至达到了Ⅴ类,泗河和韩庄运河入湖口区的水质较好,属于Ⅲ类,能够达到南水北调东线工程所规划的功能用水的水质要求。与2006至2011年的研究相比,TP、TN的平均含量总体上呈下降趋势,说明近年来南四湖流域环境监管力度成效显著。 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
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Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献
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The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献