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通过室内摄食实验,研究了栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)对麻痹性贝毒(PSP)产毒藻的敏感性及其累积和排出毒素的特征.有毒微小亚历山大藻(Alexandrium minutum)在短时间内可对栉孔扇贝的摄食有一定的抑制作用,且投喂毒藻的浓度越大,对摄食作用的抑制越明显.栉孔扇贝对PSP贝毒的累积能力很强,实验中,48 h后内脏累积毒素就高达5000μg STXeq100g-1,但其毒素排出速率较慢,在24d解毒阶段后内脏中的毒素还没有下降至国际贝毒食用安全标准水平的80μg STXeq 100g-1.各毒素组成比在整个累积与排除过程中有较大变化,GTX1,GTX4在累积阶段比例下降,同时GTX2,GTX3比例上升;内脏中GTX2:GTX3的比值逐渐增加.毒藻中PSP贝毒毒素组成和贝体中PSP贝毒毒素组成之间的主要差别是GTX4含量的减少和GTX1含量的升高;而扇贝粪便中的毒素组成却与对数生长期的毒藻极为接近. 相似文献
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为研究链状裸甲藻所产麻痹性贝类毒素(paralytic shellfish toxins, PST)在翡翠贻贝体内的累积、转化和排出规律,设置试验组和对照组,采用链状裸甲藻和中肋骨条藻投喂翡翠贻贝,开展短期累积(12 h)、长期累积(10 d)和排出(28 d)试验。结果表明:翡翠贻贝具有较强的毒素累积能力,内脏团是PST累积的主要部位, PST含量与产毒藻密度呈显著正相关关系。当链状裸甲藻密度为1.0×106cells/L时,贻贝内脏团PST含量累积2 h已接近食用贝类毒素安全标准,累积8 h超标。当产毒藻密度为5.0×105 cells/L时,贻贝内脏团PST含量累积2 d超标,累积8 d达到峰值(3 590.4±545.7)μg/kg。贻贝对PST具有累积快排出慢的特点,内脏团PST含量在排出16 d达标,排出速率先快后慢。内脏团对PST的累积和排出速率显著高于闭壳肌和其他组织,闭壳肌和其他组织则无显著差异。PST进入贻贝体内后发生了代谢转化,贻贝可能将产毒藻中膝沟藻毒素GTX3转化为GTX2, N-磺酰氨甲酰基膝沟藻毒素C2转化为C1,部分C1转化为脱氨甲酰基膝沟藻毒素2(dc... 相似文献
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《海洋科学进展》2010,(2)
选用高毒性微小亚历山大藻台湾株和菲律宾蛤仔为研究对象,研究了不同毒藻投喂量对贝类累积和排出麻痹性贝毒(PSP)的影响。实验分为累积和排出2个部分,累积实验设计了4个投喂梯度(A组:2.0×107cell/d、B组:7.0×107cell/d、C组:1.1×108cell/d和D组:2.0×108cell/d),在排出毒素阶段,每实验组又分成投喂无毒饵料藻组和饥饿组并进行比较。结果显示不同投喂梯度组间PSP毒素累积存在明显差异。随着毒藻投喂量的增加,PSP毒性增加,但毒素累积率下降,这说明在一定范围内毒藻投喂量的大小对蛤仔的毒素累积有影响。A组、B组、C组的最高累积量依次为6.5,82.9,113.9μgSTXeq/100g,D组达到本实验的最高累积量154.1μgSTXeq/(100g),但累积率却随着投喂量的增加而递减,分别为1.79%,0.92%,0.42%和0.39%。停止投喂毒藻后蛤仔体内的PSP毒性迅速下降,在排出阶段,对投喂饵料组和饥饿组的比较结果用单因素方差分析(ANOVA)得出P0.05,结果差异显著,饥饿组的毒性均高于投喂饵料藻组,说明投喂无毒饵料有助于菲律宾蛤仔体内的毒素排出。其中D饵料组和饥饿组间排出速率差异最明显,饵料组的排出速率为13.2μgSTXeq/(100g.d),饥饿组的仅为8.3μgSTXeq/(100g.d),因此将菲律宾蛤仔归属于快速排毒者。 相似文献
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选用高毒性微小亚历山大藻台湾株和菲律宾蛤仔为研究对象,研究了不同毒藻投喂量对贝类累积和排出麻痹性贝毒(PSP)的影响.实验分为累积和排出2个部分,累积实验设计了4个投喂梯度(A组:2.0×107cell/d、B组:7.0×107cell/d、C组:1.1×108cell/d和D组:2.0×108cell/d),在排出毒素阶段,每实验组又分成投喂无毒饵料藻组和饥饿组并进行比较.结果显示不同投喂梯度组间PSP毒素累积存在明显差异.随着毒藻投喂量的增加,PSP毒性增加,但毒素累积率下降,这说明在一定范围内毒藻投喂量的大小对蛤仔的毒素累积有影响.A组、B组、C组的最高累积量依次为6.5,82.9,113.9μgSTXeq/100g,D组达到本实验的最高累积量154.1μgSTXeq/(100g),但累积率却随着投喂量的增加而递减,分别为1.79%,0.92%,0.42%和0.39%.停止投喂毒藻后蛤仔体内的PSP毒性迅速下降,在排出阶段,对投喂饵料组和饥饿组的比较结果用单因素方差分析(ANOVA)得出P＜0.05,结果差异显著,饥饿组的毒性均高于投喂饵料藻组,说明投喂无毒饵料有助于菲律宾蛤仔体内的毒素排出.其中D饵料组和饥饿组间排出速率差异最明显,饵料组的排出速率为13.2 μgSTXeq/(100g·d),饥饿组的仅为8.3μgSTXeq/(100g·d),因此将菲律宾蛤仔归属于快速排毒者. 相似文献
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基于SPE与SPATT的水体中麻痹性贝类毒素检测方法构建与应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为实现麻痹性贝类毒素(paralytic shellfish poisoning,PSP)的实时监控与提前预警,本研究构建了基于固相萃取技术(solid phase extraction,SPE)与固相吸附毒素跟踪技术(solid phase adsorption toxin tracking,SPATT)的水体中PSP检测方法,重点优化了吸附材料及前处理方法,评价了回收率、检出限等指标,并将方法应用于2019年春季秦皇岛山海关海域PSP消长过程的监测中,比较评估了两种方法的监控预警效果。结果表明:SPE方法选用ENVI-Carb 500mg/6mL固相萃取柱,过样体积为50mL,13种PSP组分的平均回收率为82.2%±10.0%、检出限为4.0-20.0ng/L;SPATT方法选用SP207大孔吸附树脂,洗脱时间为静置Id最佳,整体回收率约为9.2%;在实际应用中,结合产毒藻密度及贻贝富集毒素含量的变化,发现SPE方法的检测结果可实时表征海域PSP风险状况,对于贻贝中PSP的预警效果也显著优于SAPTT方法,后者不仅因监控方式相对滞后一个监测周期,且灵敏度及准确性均较差。对于秦皇岛海域,当SPE方法检测结果达到100ng STX eq/L时,该海域贻贝中PSP残留将具有潜在的食用安全风险,跟踪过程表明这一阈值可提前两周预警贻贝富集毒素含量超出我国限量标准(800μg STX eq/kg),这对于强化风险警示并制定防范措施具有积极作用。 相似文献
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渤海裸甲藻和链状亚历山大藻的麻痹性贝毒毒素分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目的:分析渤海裸甲藻(Gymnodinium sp.)和链状亚历山大藻(Alexandrium catenella)的麻痹性贝毒毒素,为渤海天津海域的赤潮研究积累基础数据。方法:通过实验室培养裸甲藻和链状亚历山大藻,选取对数生长期、平台生长期的裸甲藻以及平台生长期的链状亚历山大藻,利用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)对这两种微藻进行麻痹性贝毒(PSP)毒素分析。结果:裸甲藻细胞内不含有麻痹性贝毒(PSP);链状亚历山大藻细胞内含有C毒素和GTX1-4毒素,该微藻每个细胞毒素含量约为10.81 fmol/cell。结论:裸甲藻细胞内虽不含有麻痹性贝毒(PSP),但不能排除其含有其它毒素的可能。链状亚历山大藻细胞内含有麻痹性贝毒(PSP),属于有毒微藻,需要对其进行密切监测。 相似文献
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目前,改性粘土技术已成为国内外普遍认可的有害赤潮治理方法,但在利用该技术治理产毒藻赤潮过程中,对底栖滤食性贝类体内毒素累积和排出的影响尚不清楚。通过室内实验,考察了聚合氯化铝改性粘土(MC I)絮凝典型产毒藻——太平洋亚历山大藻(Alexandrium pacificum)后,虾夷扇贝食用组织和消化腺组织中麻痹性贝毒(paralytic shellfish poisoning,PSP)含量、组分的变化情况。研究结果表明,在前期毒素累积阶段,虾夷扇贝暴露于A. pacificum 3 h后,未添加改性粘土的对照组中虾夷扇贝食用组织毒素水平由空白组的未检出迅速升高至13.24µg STXeq/kg,消化腺组织毒素水平由0.68µg STXeq/kg升高至42.97µg STXeq/kg,第4 d时对照组食用组织、消化腺组织毒素水平达到最高,分别为258.67和3 208.40µg STXeq/kg。添加0.2 g/L MC I的实验组中,3 h后水体中97%的A.pacificum藻细胞被絮凝沉降,此时虾夷扇贝食用组织和消化腺组织毒素水平远低于对照组,分别为6.33和18.39µg STXeq/kg,第2 d时达到98.92和574.54µg STXeq/kg,均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),随后呈下降趋势。在随后的毒素排出阶段,实验组虾夷扇贝食用组织和消化腺组织毒素水平显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。另外,在累积阶段,对照组和实验组虾夷扇贝食用组织和消化腺组织中PSP各组分相对含量差异不大,说明改性粘土未对虾夷扇贝体内的PSP转化造成明显影响。由实验结果可见,改性粘土可有效絮凝去除水体中的A.pacificum藻细胞,减少虾夷扇贝对其的滤食,从而降低了PSP在贝类体内的积累,该研究结果将为改性粘土治理底栖贝类养殖水体有毒赤潮提供科学依据。 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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Coastal inundation associated with extreme sea levels is the main factor which leads to the loss of life and property whenever a severe tropical cyclonic storm hits the Indian coasts. The Andhra and Orissa coasts are most vulnerable for coastal inundation due to extreme rise in sea levels associated with tropical cyclones. Loss of life may be minimized if extreme sea levels and associated coastal flooding is predicted well in advance. Keeping this in view, location specific coastal inundation models are developed and applied for the Andhra and Orissa coasts of India. Several numerical experiments are carried out using the data of past severe cyclones that struck these regions. The simulated inland inundation distances are found to be in general agreement with the reported flooding. 相似文献
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Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
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Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献