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1.
海水石油类物质吸收系数遥感化提取算法研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Establishing the remote sensing algorithm of retrieving the absorption coefficient of seawater petroleum substances is an efficient way to improve the accuracy of retrieving a seawater petroleum concentration using a remote sensing technology. A remote sensing reflectance is a basic physical parameter in water color remote sensing. Apply it to directly retrieve the absorption coefficient of seawater petroleum substances is of potential advantage. The absorption coefficient of waters containing petroleum [ACWCP, a_o(λ)], consists of the absorption coefficient of pure water [ACPW, a_w(λ)], plankton [ACP, a_(ph)(λ)], colored scraps [ACCS, a_(d,g)(λ)], and petroleum substance [ACPS, a_(oil)(λ)]. Among those, ACCS consists of the absorption coefficient of nonalgal particle [ACNP, a_d(λ)] and colored dissolved organic matter [ACCDOM, a_g(λ)]. For waters containing petroleum, the retrieved ACCS using the existing method is a combination absorption coefficient of ACNP,ACCDOM and ACPA [CAC, a_(d,g,oil)(λ)]. Therefore, the principle question is how to extract ACPS from CAC.Through the analysis of the three proportion tests conducted between the year of 2013 and 2015 and the corresponding remote sensing data, an algorithm of retrieving the absorption coefficient of petroleum substances is proposed based on remote sensing reflectance. First of all, ACPS and CAC are retrieved from the reflectance using the quasi-analytical algorithm(QAA), with some parameter modified. Secondly, given the fact that the backscatter coefficient [BC, b_(bp)(555)] of total particles at 555 nm can be obtained completely from the reflectance, the relation between BC and ACNP in petroleum contaminated water can be established. As a result, ACNP can be calculated. Then, combining the remote sensing retrieving algorithm of a_g(440), the method of achieving the spectral slope of the absorption coefficient can be established, from which ACCDOM,can be calculated. Finally, ACPS can be computed as the residual. The accuracy of ACPS based on this algorithm is 86% compared with the in situ measurements. 相似文献
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Prorocentrum donghaiense is one of the most common red tide causative dinoflagellates in the Changjiang （Yangtze） River Estuary and the adjacent area of the East China Sea. It causes large-scale blooms in late spring and early summer that lead to widespread ecologic and economic damage. A means for distinguish- ing dinoflagellate blooms from diatom （Skeletonema costatum） blooms is desired. On the basis of measure- ments of remote sensing refectance [Rrs（λ）] and inherent optical parameters, the potential of using a mul- tispectral approach is assessed for discriminating the algal blooms due to P. donghaiense from those due to S. costatum. The behavior of two reflectance ratios [R1 = Rrs（560）/Rrs（532） and Re = Rrs（708）/Rrs（665）], suggests that differentiation of P. donghaiense blooms from diatom bloom types is possible from the current band setup of ocean color sensors. It is found that there are two reflectance ratio regimes that indicate a bloom is dominated by P. donghaiense; （1） R1 〉 1.55 and R2 〈 1.0 or （2） R1 〉 1.75 and R2 ≥ 1.0. Various sensitivity analyses are conducted to investigate the effects of the variation in varying levels of chlorophyll concentration and colored dissolved organic matter （CDOM） as well as changes in the backscattering ratio （bbp/bp） on the efficacy of this muitispectral approach. Results indicate that the intensity and inherent op- tical properties of the algal species explain much of the behavior of the two ratios. Although backscattering influences the amplitude of Rrs（λ）, especially in the 530 and 560 nm bands, the discrimination between P. donghaiense and diatoms is not significantly affected by the variation of bbp/bp. Since aCDOM （440） in coastal areas of the ECS is typically lower than 1.0 m-1 in most situations, the presence of CDOM does not interfere with this discrimination, even as SCDOM varies from 0.01 to 0.026 nm-1. Despite all of these effects, the dis- crimination of P. donghaiense blooms from diatom blooms based on multispectral measurements of Rrs（λ） is feasible. 相似文献
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浮标测量的光学数据时间序列长、分辨率高, 能可靠地测量快速变化的漫射衰减系数(Kd)。东海赤潮高发区水体中的浮游植物生物量及悬浮泥沙含量存在较大的变化, 光学性质复杂。文章利用2013年9月至2014年1月的海洋光学浮标数据, 获得了该海域水体的表观光学特性, 基于Kd(490)与遥感反射比[Rrs(λ)]的相关关系建立了Kd(490)的经验算法, 并与已有7种反演算法进行了比较。结果表明, 该海域的Kd(λ)及Rrs(λ)具有显著的Ⅱ类水体光谱特征, 其中, Kd(490)的范围为0.01~4.31m-1, 水体的浑浊程度变化大。Kd(490)与Rrs比值的相关性较好, 据此建立了以Rrs(650)/Rrs(510)、Rrs(555)/Rrs(510)作为自变量的Kd(490)双比值经验算法。将新建算法反演获得的Kd(490)与实测Kd(490)相比, 均方根误差、平均相对误差百分比和线性回归的决定系数分别为0.27m-1、27.08%和0.77, 优于其他7种算法。算法精度的提高源于新建算法选择的Rrs能充分反映水体信息, 并适应水体组分的变化, 可为东海赤潮高发区Kd(490)的反演提供较好的选择, 并为海洋光学浮标在水体环境监测中的应用提供示例。 相似文献
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本文简要介绍了M99、R06、G01、L10四种典型水上法估算遥感反射率方法的原理,利用现场观测数据,对四种方法的应用效果进行了评估分析。利用高光谱SAS实测的76个站位数据,对比分析了四种方法结果的差异性以及不同太阳天顶角和云况条件的差异分布,结果表明,四种方法估算的遥感反射率总体差异性不大,有80%站位的差异在10%以内,L10方法的结果更接近四种方法的平均值,R06方法的结果与L10大体相当,当太阳天顶角过大时,四种方法估算遥感反射率的差异较大,在阴天条件下,差异性有小幅度增大。利用高光谱SAS和剖面仪MicroPro同步观测的73个站位数据,分析了四种水上法与水中法计算遥感反射率的差异性,以及不同水体和太阳天顶角条件的差异分布,结果显示,四种水上法与水中法计算的遥感反射率结果差异分布趋势大体一致,约75%站位的差异在15%以内,在较好的比对环境下(去掉近岸站位和太阳天顶角较大的站位),四种方法与水中法差异明显减小,其中,R06和L10方法在处理粗糙海面的天空和太阳耀斑修正方面略优。 相似文献
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赤潮生物种类特征光谱获取技术 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
较为系统地研究了赤潮生物水体反射率曲线获取方法。通过对 2类反射率反演方法得出的反射率曲线与实际反射率曲线进行比较 ,得出在不具备大气环境参数的情况下 ,经验线性法的反演结果与实际反射率曲线最接近的结论 ,并进一步对正常海水和赤潮生物水体的光谱特性进行分析 ,提取出赤潮生物水体的特征光谱。这是进行赤潮监测和识别的重要前提 相似文献
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An optical model for the remote sensing of coloured dissolved organic matter in coastal/ocean waters 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
An optical model is developed for the remote sensing of coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in a wide range of waters within coastal and open ocean environments. The absorption of CDOM (denoted as ag) is generally considered as an exponential form model, which has two important parameters – the slope S and absorption of CDOM at a reference wavelength ag(λ0). The empirical relationships for deriving these two parameters are established using in-situ bio-optical datasets. These relationships use the spectral remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) ratio at two wavelengths Rrs(670)/Rrs(490), which avoids the known atmospheric correction problems and is sensitive to CDOM absorption and chlorophyll in coastal/ocean waters. This ratio has tight relationships with ag(412) and ag(443) yielding correlation coefficients between 0.77 and 0.78. The new model, with the above parameterization applied to independent datasets (NOMAD SeaWiFS match-ups and Carder datasets), shows good retrievals of the ag(λ) with regression slopes close to unity, little bias and low mean relative and root mean square errors. These statistical estimates improve significantly over other inversion models (e.g., Linear Matrix-LM and Garver-Siegel-Maritorena-GSM semi-analytical models) when applied to the same datasets. These results demonstrate a good performance of the proposed model in both coastal and open ocean waters, which has the potential to improve our knowledge of the biogeochemical cycles and processes in these domains. 相似文献
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We measured the absorption coefficients of suspended particles (ap(λ)) during three cruises from coastal waters to open ocean in the northern South China Sea (NSCS). The absorption contributions of phytoplankton (aph(λ)) and nonalgal particles (aNAP(λ)) were determined using the methanol extraction method. Based on the dataset of about 360 samples, we examined the spectral relationships of the particle absorption coefficients. The results show that ap(λ) spectra are well linearly correlated with ap(443) over the wavebands between 420–650 nm; aph(λ) could be well expressed as the second-order quadratic equations of aph(443) among the blue-green wavebands, and aNAP(λ) follows the general exponential function. Based on these spectral relationships, a model was proposed for partitioning the total particulate absorption coefficients into the contributions of phytoplankton and nonalgal particles using the nonlinear optimization method. The model was validated by comparing the computed results with in situ absorption coefficients. In some wavebands, such as 412 nm, 443 nm, 490 nm and 683 nm, we obtained good correlations with the percentage root mean square error (RMSE) values being controlled within 25% and the slopes being closer to 1.0. For samples from coastal waters, the discrepancy was a little large, which might be due to the higher absorption contributions from certain pheopigments. Overall, this model provides us much insight into phytoplankton absorption retrieval from in situ measurements and remote sensing ocean color data. 相似文献
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利用蒙特卡罗方法模拟研究405和632 nm波长的高斯光束和均匀光束照射胃正常和肿瘤组织时,光在组织内的传输特性.得到漫反射率和透射率随径向半径r的分布规律和组织内能流率随组织厚度z和径向半径r的二维变化关系及等值线分布.模拟结果表明:632 nm波长光照射时,漫反射率和透射率以及穿透深度均>405 nm波长的值;相同功率和光束半径下,高斯光束的径向传播范围比均匀光束小,中心光场附近光能量集中但衰减较快,穿透深度小于均匀光束;对于632 nm激发光,光在胃正常组织中的穿透深度小于在肿瘤组织中的穿透深度,而对于405 nm激发光,光在胃正常组织中的穿透深度大于在肿瘤组织中的穿透深度. 相似文献
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由现场离水辐亮度估算黄海透明度几种方法的比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文根据黄海现场离水辐亮度及遥感反射比,采用４种统计算法估算海水透明度（Ｓｅｃｃｈｉ Ｄｉｓｃ Ｄｅｐｔｈ）。前２种算法中海水透明度作为因变量,两不同波段辐亮度之比及两辐亮度之和与第三者之比分别作为自变量,进行一元回归分析,前者相关系数ｒ２为０．９３３５。后者相关系数ｒ２为０．９４８３。第３种算法中,所有波段的遥感反射比做因子分析形成的主因子作为自变量,透明度作为因变量进行多元回归分析,子样全相关系数ｒ２为０．９６４９。第４种算法中,遥感反射比作为自变量,透明度作为因变量进行逐步回归分析,复相关系数ｒ２为０．９８１５。计算结果表明,多元统计分析的估算精度高于一元回归分析。 相似文献
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溢油污染的渤海海冰反射光谱特征实测研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Oil spilled on the sea ice surface in the Bohai Sea of China is studied through the field measurements of the reflectance of a simulated sea ice-oil film mixed pixel. The reflection characteristics of sea ice and oil film are also analyzed. It is found that the mixed pixel of sea ice and oil film is a linear mixed pixel. The means of extracting sea ice pixels containing oil film is presented using a double-band ratio oil-film sea-ice index(DROSI) and a normalized difference oil-film sea-ice index(NDOSI) through the analysis of the reflectance curves of the sea iceoil film pixel for different ratios of oil film. The area proportion of the oil film in the sea ice-oil film pixel can be accurately estimated by the average reflectance of the band of 1 610–1 630 nm, and the volume of the spilled oil can be further estimated. The method of the sea ice-oil film pixel extraction and the models to estimate the proportion of oil film area in the sea ice-oil film pixel can be applied to the oil spill monitoring of the ice-covered area in the Bohai Sea using multispectral or hyperspectral remote sensing images in the shortwave infrared band(1 500–1 780 nm). 相似文献
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浒苔水体光谱特征参量时间序列数据拟合研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
开展时间序列浒苔水体光谱特征参量的拟合研究可为寻求最佳拟合方法,从而对进一步开展大尺度的高光谱高空间高时间分辨率遥感动态实时监测具有重要的参考价值。在实验室培养3种不同浓度的浒苔水体,用ASD光谱仪测定并获取浒苔水体的时间序列反射光谱,基于反射光谱定量提取光谱特征参量,构建时间序列数据;应用曲线拟合和时间序列ARMA模型开展浒苔水体光谱特征参量的时间序列拟合研究。结果表明:应用二阶或三阶多项式和ARMA模型可较高精度地拟合浒苔水体的光谱特征参量;但时间序列ARMA模型比多项式拟合模型更能反映浒苔水体光谱特征参量的时间序列数据的分布和变动特性。该研究可为浒苔灾害动态监测业务化运行部门提供浒苔光谱数据,同时也为光谱数据的处理和分析提供一种新的方法。 相似文献
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利用Minolta CM-2002光谱光度计对南黄海陆架136个短柱样品20~25cm段的沉积物进行了颜色反射率数据测量,通过化学元素、粒度、磁化率等来确定影响沉积物颜色反射率变化的成分和因素,介绍了反射率光谱的一阶导数和因子分析的方法。分析结果表明,南黄海陆架沉积物颜色反射率受控于沉积物中的铁氧化物、有机质以及粘土矿物和钙质生物碎屑含量。主因子F1指示氧化环境,并与陆源物质相关,F2指示弱氧化环境,F3指示弱还原环境,主因子的波长范围分别是405~445 nm和495~595 nm,605~695 nm,445~485 nm。 相似文献
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H.S. Yoon O.A. El-Samni A.T. Huynh H.H. Chun H.J. Kim A.H. Pham I.R. Park 《Ocean Engineering》2009,36(9-10):697-707
The present study numerically investigates the characteristics of three-dimensional turbulent flow in a wavy channel. For the purpose of a careful observation of the effect of the wave amplitude on the turbulent flow, numerical simulations are performed at a various range of the wave amplitude to wavelength ratio (0.01?α/λ?0.05), where the wavelength is fixed with the same value of the mean channel height (H). The immersed boundary method is used to handle the wavy surface in a rectangular grid system, using the finite volume method. The Reynolds number (Re=UbH/ν) based on the bulk velocity (Ub) is fixed at 6760. The present computational results for a wavy surface are well compared with those of references. When α/λ=0.02, the small recirculating flow occurs near the trough at the instant, but the mean reverse flow is not observed. In the mean flow field, the reverse flow appears from α/λ=0.03 among the wave amplitude considered in this study. The domain of the mean reverse flow defined by the locations of separation and reattachment depends strongly on the wave amplitude. The pressure drag coefficient augments with increasing the wave amplitude. The friction drag coefficient shows the increase and decrease behavior according to the wave amplitude. The quantitative information about the flow variables such as the distribution of pressure and shear stress on the wavy surface is highlighted. 相似文献
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基于2012~2014年期间江苏近岸海域实测遥感反射率、悬浮泥沙浓度及HJ CCD数据,建立该海域HJ CCD影像悬浮泥沙遥感反演模型。通过研究水体实测反射光谱特征,确定对悬浮泥沙浓度变化的敏感波段,并与悬浮泥沙浓度进行函数拟合分析。结果表明:将HJ CCD Band3的等效遥感反射率、HJ CCD Band3与Band2等效遥感反射率的比值分别作为敏感因子,并采用对数函数模拟低值区、指数函数模拟高值区获得的叠加模型表现最为突出。通过卫星应用发现,第2、3波段比值模型的遥感反演结果与实际情况相符,可有效削弱大气校正、表观反射率到遥感反射率的转换方法以及HJ CCD辐射分辨率较低等一系列问题的干扰,为江苏近岸海域HJ CCD悬浮泥沙遥感反演的最优模型。 相似文献
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基于图像特征的航空高光谱数据油污染光谱曲线提取分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运用基于图像特征的相对发射率数据处理模型，对获得航空高光谱油污染水体数据和正常水体数据进行了反射率提取，得到了相对定标后的油污染水体和正常海水的光谱反射率数据。进一步对正常海水和油污染水体的光谱特性进行分析，通过反射率曲线比较，得出运用基于图像特征的反射率处理模型提取光谱信息和运用航空高光谱数据进行海上油污染检测的可行性。 相似文献
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Bassem S. Nabawy 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2018,39(4):537-550
The Middle Eocene Lutetian Samalut formation is among the best examples of anisotropic fossiliferous rocks in Egypt, where the effect of the anisotropic Nummulite Gizehensis fossils on the petrophysical behavior can be traced. The Samalut formation has been sampled and studied at Wadi Feiran in SW Sinai. Petrographically, it is composed of two microfacies; Nummulitic packstone and Fusulinid mudstone. Tight cementation by micro to pseudosparite, aggrading neomorphism and compaction with increasing load pressure are the most important porosity-reducing factors. The anisotropy of the fossil content (λF), due to shape and orientation, and its effect on the petrophysical properties were assigned by measuring the lengths of the longest and shortest axes. Petrophysically, both microfacies are characterized by low porosity values (1.47 ≤ \({\emptyset _{{\text{He}}}}\) ≤ 5.29%). The formation resistivity factor (F) and permeability (k) were measured in the horizontal and vertical directions (parallel and perpendicular to the bedding plane, respectively). The studied samples are characterized by high to very high formation resistivity factor (190?≤?F?≤?8938) and relatively very low permeability (0.012?≤?k?≤?0.110 md). The studied samples are characterized by fair to medium electric anisotropy ‘λE’, which is attributed to a relatively medium to fair degree of electric foliation. It has been shown that, the fossil shape anisotropy and orientation ‘λF’ (1.5?≤?λF?≤?3.5) is the main contributor for the electric and permeability anisotropy that corrected for the same porosity value (1.61?≤?λEC?≤?2.25 and 1.03?≤?λkC?≤?2.04; respectively). Foliation of the studied microfacies has been contributed to the orientation of the fossil remains parallel to the bedding plane. The anisotropy degree is relatively greater for the Nummulitic packstone microfacies than that of the Fusulinid mudstone. The present study refers to the possible anisotropic effect of fossil content (due to shape and orientation) on the petrophysical properties of the studied rocks which may be extended to the anisotropy of reservoir rocks on the bedding scale. 相似文献
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浮体运动和海床土刚度是引起钢悬链式立管(steel catenary riser,简称SCR)管土相互作用的关键因素,将导致SCR触地区的疲劳损伤。以工作水深为1500 m的浮式平台上生产立管SCR为研究对象,基于法向抗力模型和侧向阻力模型建立管土作用模型,在环境载荷和浮体运动作用下,开展SCR与浮式平台的整体分析,研究海床土参数对SCR触地区动态响应和疲劳寿命的敏感性。通过改变海床土的不排水抗剪强度Su0、强度梯度ρ、吸力因子fsuc、吸力衰减参数λsuc以及再贯入系数λrep等,得到不同参数对触地区动力响应、疲劳寿命的影响规律。研究结果表明:①基于软黏土海床,随着不排水抗剪强度Su0的增加,触地区立管疲劳寿命减幅达到33.23%,敏感性最高;②吸力因子fsuc越大,立管疲劳寿命越小且减幅达23.77%,其敏感性较高;③随着再贯入系数λrep增大,触地区立管疲劳寿命增幅达到15.48%;④海床抗剪强度梯度ρ和吸力衰减参数λsuc对立管疲劳寿命影响较小。研究结论能为SCR设计分析及安全服役提供重要参考。 相似文献