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1.
徐双全  王波 《海洋测绘》2014,34(6):52-55
滩涂地形测绘产品精度直接影响资料分析和应用的准确性,确保滩涂地形测量成果的质量和精度,滩涂地形测绘产品检验工作就尤为重要。简单介绍了滩涂地形测量范围、测量方法、技术标准等,并以上海市滩涂地形测量产品为例,详细探讨滩涂地形测量产品质量检验方法,以指导今后的滩涂地形测量工作。  相似文献   

2.
多波束条带测深仪研究发展动态   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
多波束条带测深仪是一种近年发展起来的具有高测量效率、高测量精度、高分辨率的海洋海底地形测量设备,特别适合于大面积的扫海测绘作业。本文较详细地总结了这种水声测量仪器目前在国内、外研究发展的概况,并分析了其未来研究发展的可能方向  相似文献   

3.
随着我国远海地形测量的日益频繁,进一步提高测量的效率和精度成为研究的热点。利用WOA18数据,对远海地形测量所涉及海域温盐等海洋要素时空分布规律展开预先分析,由此得到该海域声速垂直和水平分布规律,再利用层内常梯度的声线跟踪方法,对相关海域声速剖面获取频次和线性变化开始深度展开定量研究。结果表明,WOA18数据不但能较好优化远海多波束地形测量声速剖面,还能对声速剖面获取的频次和线性变化开始深度做出较好预测,研究结果对提高远海地形测量的精度和效率具有较高价值。  相似文献   

4.
RTK技术在杭州湾跨海大桥桥位地形测绘中的应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
介绍了RTK技术在杭州湾跨海大桥桥位地形测绘中的应用,并对其定位结果进行了精度比较与分析,结果表明:RTK定位测量的点位精度可达厘米级,各点位之间不存在误差积累,与全站仪等测量手段取得的结果符合得较好,可以用来代替二三级导线控制测量和等外水准等测量方法;流动站与基准站的距离在10km范围以内时,应用RTK技术对近岸水下地形进行测量具有方便、快捷、精度高等特点,但当此距离超过10km时,其精度则难以保证。杭州湾跨海大桥施工时应用RTK技术进行定位、高程测量,可提高工作效率和成果的质量。  相似文献   

5.
徐双全 《海洋测绘》2007,27(3):71-74
针对上海市滩涂水下地形测量工作的历史与现状,详细介绍了滩涂水下地形的测量方法、技术标准以及测绘成果的应用,说明了水下地形测量工作在水利事业中发挥的重要作用,并对更好地提高测绘精度提出了建议,展望了滩涂水下地形测绘的未来发展。  相似文献   

6.
AUV搭载多波束声纳进行地形测量的现状及展望   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
多波束声纳是一种常用的水底地形测量设备,AUV搭载多波束声纳对深海地形进行测量得到了普遍应用。首先介绍了目前国内外AUV搭载多波束声纳在地形测量中的应用情况,然后总结了这种方式的高效率、高质量、高经济性等优点,并分析了导航定位精度、载体运动、系统兼容性等方面对于提高测量精度存在的技术难点,最后介绍了该技术的应用经验,并对该技术的未来应用前景进行了展望。  相似文献   

7.
采用旋转浅水系统对地形Rossby波进行实验室模拟,Rossby波实验的目的是模拟地球上中纬度大气、海洋中产生Rossby波的机理。由于地球流体实验的特殊性,它与普通流体力学实验不同,必须要具备模拟地球自转形成的科氏效应的实验设备,同时,还必须采用特殊的测量手段和实验方法。地球上Rossby波的存在,是因为行星效应或β效应为其提供了回复力,由于地形效应与β效应在动力学上具有等价性,所以能够在实验室中通过斜坡地形的应用来模拟真实地球的β效应,进而对Rossby波的现象进行模拟。实验模拟出了地形激发Rossby波的基本现象,并在此基础上对已有的相关理论进行验证,并且给出了β值与Rossby波的关系。  相似文献   

8.
牛冲 《海洋测绘》2021,(6):36-39
为了探究连续运行参考站网的实时动态相对定位(continuously operating reference stations-real time kinematic,CORS-RTK)无验潮技术在海岸带水下地形测量精度问题,以单波束测深数据为例,通过对比分析主测线与检查线交叉点误差以及有验潮和无验潮重合点误差两种方式,对基于CORS-RTK无验潮的海岸带水下地形测量数据精度进行分析。结果表明,CORS-RTK无验潮水下地形测量技术获取的测深点数据不符值比例为2.82%,说明CORS-RTK无验潮水下地形测量具有较高的可靠性;无验潮与验潮站相比,高程互差波动在-0.12~0.32m之间,平均值为0.11m,且偏差在0.2m以内的测深点占总样本的93.40%,说明有验潮与无验潮两种水下地形测量结果具有较好的一致性,可为CORS-RTK无验潮技术在海岸带水下地形测量中的广泛应用提供参考。  相似文献   

9.
在杭州湾跨海大桥桥位地形测绘中,采用三角分带解析法进行潮位改正计算,结果表明:合理布设潮位站、合理安排测量时间,可以提高地形测量精度,正确地进行潮位计算。一般应在高平潮前后3h时间内施测,可保证浅滩不出现测量空白区。地形测绘过程中还应布设不少于主测线数量的5%的检查线,以检查其测量精度。在所测的河口湾两岸潮位明显不等时,采用三角分带解析法进行潮位改正计算,其结果合理、正确,可达到规范的要求。  相似文献   

10.
在平坦海区测量工作中,多波束测深系统质量监控窗口经常会显示出凹凸变形地形,如果处理不及时或处理不当,将会导致测量的海底地形呈现凹凸不平的伪地形,严重影响测量工程的质量.分析了多波束系统测量凹凸变形地形的原因,论述了在测量中以及数据后处理中解决测量凹凸变形地形故障的方法,实际应用证明方法有效、实用.  相似文献   

11.
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance.  相似文献   

12.
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm.  相似文献   

13.
海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明:土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。  相似文献   

14.
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths.  相似文献   

15.
16.
Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations.  相似文献   

17.
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement.  相似文献   

18.
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested.  相似文献   

19.
20.
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria ( 〉 99% ), but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments ( ≥ 98.8% ), including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level.  相似文献   

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