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1.
基于分形维数的环渤海地区海岸线变迁及成因分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《海洋学研究》2016,(1)
利用遥感和GIS技术提取了环渤海地区1980年、1990年、2000年和2010年4期海岸线信息,采用网格法计算每期海岸线的分形维数;分析了海岸线及其分形维数的时空变化特征、并探讨了其与海岸开发活动之间的关系。研究表明:在1980—2010年间,研究区海岸线长度持续增加,变化强度逐渐增大,海岸线共增加了1 074.35km;从时间过程看,2000年以后海岸线长度进入快速增长时期;从区域范围看,以天津市和河北省所在的渤海湾地区海岸线的变迁最显著。研究期间,环渤海地区海岸线整体向海推进,海岸线分形维数逐渐增大,岸线形状趋于复杂。人为的海岸开发活动是海岸线变迁的主导因素,2000年之前海岸开发以围垦养殖、盐田为主;之后,港口码头建设和城镇建设型的海岸工程逐渐增多。海岸线的分形维数与海岸带的物质组成与演变过程有直接关系,大量规模不等的海岸工程的建设是海岸线分形维数变化的主导因素。 相似文献
2.
利用遥感影像和GIS技术相结合获取福建省1995、2001、2010、2017年共4期海岸线的时空分布情况,并结合网格法计算各时期海岸线的分形维数,结合获取数据分析海岸线的时空变化特征、海岸线长度变化与分形维数变化之间的关系以及影响海岸线变化的原因。结果表明:1995—2017年福建省海岸线长度呈持续增加趋势,共增加388.99 km。从时间方面来看,2010年之后海岸线长度进入快速增长时期,其中2010—2017年是海岸线长度变化最显著的时期;从区域上来看,以宁德和莆田岸线变化最强烈,其他地市相对较稳定。1995—2017年研究区海岸线分形维数总体呈现先增加后减小趋势,其中宁德、福州、泉州分形维数变化比其他地市要复杂。研究区历史海岸线长度变化与分形维数变化之间存在着一定的相关关系,对各地市海岸线长度变化与分形维数变化统计分析表明,总体来看局部海岸线长度的增加或减小会导致整体海岸线分形维数增大或减小,且呈正比例变化。对1995—2017年研究区各时段海岸线变化对应的面积汇总情况来看,人类活动是影响研究区海岸线变化的主要原因,与人类活动相比,自然变化如河口淤积与侵蚀等对海岸线影响较小。 相似文献
3.
分形分析法用于海湾冲淤演化预测的初步探讨 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
针对封闭或半封闭海湾的海岸线，引入分形分析法，预测其冲淤变化趋势。该方法基于海岸线在平衡状态下分形维数最小的思想，建立海岸线分形维数与其冲淤变化之间的相关关系，以此为依据判断海岸线所处的冲淤演化阶段，预测其发展趋势。以胶州湾为研究实例，根据海湾的面积和总岸线长度的变化情况定性分析海岸线分形维数的变化，应用上述方法预测其冲淤演化趋势，得出胶州湾将继续淤积的结论。从分析过程和预测结果2个方面对这砷方法的可行性进行讨论，初步证明这种方法的应用是合理、可行的。 相似文献
4.
胶州湾近期海岸线、水深变化研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以胶州湾1952,1985和2005年的海图为依据,对海岸线位置、海岛、海礁、等深线及水深等自然信息数字化后,对胶州湾近期海岸线、水深的变化进行了分析.研究表明,1952年至今胶州湾海岸线由自然岸线向人工岸线不断转化,岸线长度一直呈现为减少的趋势;1952年至今胶州湾海岸线长度减少了30.39%.1952-1985年之间胶州湾2,5,10 m水深区域面积减小,而20 m水深区域面积基本保持不变.而1985-2005年之间胶州湾2 m水深区域面积有少量减小,但5,10,20 m水深区域面积均有少量增加.水利工程、围海工程和自然环境的变化是引起胶州湾岸线和水深变化的重要原因. 相似文献
5.
滨海城市海岸线的空间特征演变规律及其影响因素对于陆海统筹的空间规划具有重要的研究意义。将改进的归一化水体指数(Modified Normalized Difference Water Index, MNDWI)和Canny边缘检测法相结合,从Landsat遥感影像中提取了厦门岛1976-2018年共九景海岸线,并对其进行分形分析。采用自主编写的图像分形维数计算程序计算了研究期间厦门岛海岸线的盒维数,总结分析了其变化趋势以及变化原因。结果表明:厦门岛的海岸线具有分形特性,其盒维数的变化范围为1.098 9~1.118 1,先后经历降低、增加、再降低和最后缓变四个阶段,总体呈现下降的趋势;进一步分析,发现厦门岛在快速发展进程中,海洋工程对海岸线空间形态复杂性有显著的影响,其中,填海造陆工程的实施导致海岸线盒维数降低,而港口、码头建设却导致盒维数增加。盒维数的变化程度间接反映了海洋工程对海岸带的改造程度。本研究对厦门海岸线分形特征的分析,可为该区域资源开发、生态保护和城市规划提供有价值的参考依据。 相似文献
6.
为了分析珠江口区域海岸线近年来的发展变化情况，文章基于分形理论，分别对珠江口及深圳段大陆海岸线2005-2019年的变迁趋势采用网格法进行分形分析，得出14年间，珠江口及深圳段海岸线分维数的变化情况。通过对计算结果的分析对比发现，近年间珠江口海岸线整体因开发强度大，人工岸线居多，分维数值变化较小；而深圳段海岸线分维数较整个珠江口有较大幅度增加。深圳段海岸线曲折度提高的原因主要为修复类工程的实施。海岸线分形维数与海岸线曲折程度的正相关系，与海岸带开发利用规划管理要求相符，提出分维数可作为规划用海的重要评估参数。 相似文献
7.
《海洋湖沼通报》2015,(4)
利用北部湾海域1987-2013年7个时期多时序遥感影像为信息源,通过提取水体指数并以最大类间方差法计算水陆分割阈值,从而分割得到"水边线"并进行潮位校正后得到海岸线;对各时期海岸线的时空分布、分形维数、变迁速率等特征进行计算,并初步分析了海岸线变化的驱动力。研究结果表明:从1987-2013年北部湾海岸线增加120km,其中:北海市增加65km,防城港市增加54km,钦州市保持稳定。海岸线分维数从1.0677增加至1.0870,与海岸线长度变化趋势相同;从空间上看,北海、钦州、防城港段海岸线分维数逐渐增大,说明了北部湾海岸线由东向西逐渐变得曲折与复杂。从海岸线变迁的速率来看,总体变化速率为3.48m/a,77.30%的岸段变化速率低于平均值(保持稳定),22.70%的岸段变化速率远高于平均值(变化剧烈);从海岸线变迁的方向来看,约68.20%的岸段向海推(淤)进,约27.30%的岸段保持稳定,仅有约4.50%的岸段向陆侵蚀。人类生产建设活动是引起北部湾海岸线变化的主要驱动力,河口淤积与水力侵蚀对海岸线影响较小。 相似文献
8.
9.
岛屿海岸线自动化提取及其时空变迁研究——以大连市獐子岛为例 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
海岸带是受人类活动和全球海平面上升影响的敏感地带,海岸线的提取和监测是海岸带生态系统研究和社会管理的重要内容。本文在遥感和地理信息系统的支持下,以修正的归一化水体指数(Modified Normalized Difference Water Index,MNDWI)为基础,结合遥感影像处理和直方图均衡化等技术,实现了大连市獐子岛1985—2016年海岸线的自动化提取。结果表明:(1)通过与三位专家目视解译的成果比对,本文提取海岸线的精度能满足后续研究的要求(相对误差分别为0.045%,0.032%和0.023%);(2)近30年来,獐子岛海岸线总体呈现蚀退趋势,岸线长度与岛屿面积分别呈现变短和变小的趋势,獐子岛(主岛)和大耗岛的岸线蚀退速率最大,褡裢岛次之,小耗岛最小;在人类活动较为密集的区域,海岸线呈现出较为强烈的增长趋势,海水养殖和圈海建坝是岸线增长的主要驱动力;(3)獐子岛海岸线具有显著的分形性质,分形维数随时间呈现增大的趋势,獐子岛(主岛)的分形维数最大,褡裢岛的分形维数最小。 相似文献
10.
分维数是反映海岸线复杂程度的客观依据。结合国内外海岸线分形研究进展,本文以漠阳江入海口附近海域为研究区,基于Landsat 8 OLI遥感影像对研究区域提取瞬时水边线,并利用潮汐数据进行校正得到海岸线;利用Fractal Fox2.0计算获得该海岸线的分维数为1.071;通过对研究区的分形机制分析,认为漠阳江附近的断裂构造对海岸起宏观控制作用,从而对海岸线的分维值也起了决定作用。根据断裂体系模型计算得到西侧海岸线的理论分维值为1.089,而对数螺线模型计算得到东侧海岸线的分维值为1.171;实际分维值相对理论值偏小,说明海岸带的沉积与侵蚀影响了分维值。此外,根据本区海岸侵蚀原因的分析,对分维机制进行了探究,初步论证的分维值大小可为海岸的冲淤变化研究提供参考。 相似文献
11.
The probability of fractal determination of coastal types based on GIS is preliminarily discussed with China as an example. Finally, some significant conclusions are drawn: (1) The fractal dimension of coastline of the bedrock coast is larger than that of the plain coast on the same scale map; (2) As far as the bedrock coast is concerned, the larger fractal dimension of coastline of the bedrock coast on the same scale map indicates that the bedrock coast is probably not typical; (3) As far as the plain coast is concerned, the smaller fractal dimension of coastline of the plain coast on the same scale map indicates that it is probably the silt plain coast; (4) The different substantial compositions affect the fractal dimensions of coastlines of different coastal types. In general, the coast which lies in the north of the Hangzhou Bay consists of sand mainly, its surface is flat, and it is connected with the coastal plain, its landform is broad shoal, its total change is comparatively homogenous in the tidal dynamic process, and thus, the relatively smaller fractal dimension of coastline results from this. For the bedrock coast, there is more bedrock, the coastline is comparatively smooth and straight, being affected by the faults and ocean dynamic process, which result in the larger fractal dimension. 相似文献
12.
应用海岸线变化定量分析原理,综合分析了近50年来泉州湾海岸线变化的基本特征,计算了古浮澳岸段的海岸线变化速率.研究分析结果表明,泉州湾海岸线长度以0.94km/a的速率减小,海域面积(含岛屿)以1.01 km2/a的速率减小；古浮澳岸段呈现南北淤进,中间侵淤交互的岸线变化趋势.通过了解泉州湾海岸线变化特征和变化趋势,获取海岸线变化速率数据,为泉州湾海域的可持续开发与管理提供参考依据. 相似文献
13.
Headland-bay beach equilibrium planform has been a crucial problem abroad to long-term sandy beach evolution and stabilization,extensively applied to forecast long-term coastal erosion evolvement and the influences of coastal engineering as well as long-term coastal management and protection.However,little concern focuses on this in China.The parabolic relationship is the most widely used empirical relationship for determining the static equilibrium shape of headland-bay beaches.This paper utilizes the relation to predict and classify 31 headland-bay beaches and concludes that these bays cannot achieve the ultimate static equilibrium planform in South China.The empirical bay equation can morphologically estimate beach stabilization state,but it is just a referential predictable means and is difficult to evaluate headland-bay shoreline movements in years and decades.By using Digital Shoreline Analysis System suggested by USGS,the rates of shoreline recession and accretion of these different headland-bay beaches are quantitatively calculated from 1990 to 2000.The conclusions of this paper include that (a) most of these 31 bays maintain relatively stable and the rates of erosion and accretion are relatively large with the impact of man-made constructions on estuarine within these bays from 1990 to 2000;(b) two bays,Haimen Bay and Hailingshan Bay,originally in the quasi-static equilibrium planform determined by the parabolic bay shape equation,have been unstable by the influence of coastal engineering;and (c) these 31 bays have different recession and accretion characters occurring in some bays and some segments.On the one hand,some bays totally exhibit accretion,but some bays show erosion on the whole.Shanwei Bay,Houmen Bay,Pinghai Bay and Yazhou Bay have the similar planforms,characterized by less accretion on the sheltering segment and bigger accretion on the transitional and tangential segments.On the other hand,different segments of some bays have two dissimilar evolvement characters.Dacheng Bay,Shenquan Bay,Hudong Bay,Wukan Bay,Fengjia Bay,Wuchang Bay,Lingshui Bay and Tufu Bay produce accretion on the tangential segment,erosion on the transitional segment and accretion on the sheltering segment.However,Guang’ao Bay,Haimen Bay,Jinghai Bay,Sanya Bay(a),Dajiao Bay,Hailingshan Bay,Hebei Bay,Fuhu Bay,Shuidong Bay,Wangcun Bay and Bomao Bay generate erosion on the tangential part,accretion on the transitional part and accretion on the sheltering part.It seems to imply some relations between headland-bay beach evolvement and controls on headland-bay beaches,which may possibly to classify headland-bay beach types and should be further studied. 相似文献
14.
Jun Shoji Takaya Kudoh Hideyuki Takatsuji Osamu Kawaguchi Akihide Kasai 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2010,86(3):485-490
Biological and physical surveys were conducted in order to investigate the relationship between environmental conditions and the distribution of moon jellyfish Aurelia aurita in Hiroshima Bay, western Seto Inland Sea, Japan. Moon jellyfish and ichthyoplankton were collected at 13 stations in Hiroshima Bay during monthly surveys from July to September in 2006 and 2007. Surface temperature in 2006 was significantly lower during the August and September cruises and surface salinity was lower during all cruises than in 2007. Moon jellyfish was the most dominant gelatinous plankton collected, accounting for 89.7% in wet weight. Mean moon jellyfish abundance in 2006 was higher than that in 2007 from July through September, with significant inter-year differences for July and September. Variability in precipitation and nutritional input from the Ohta River, northernmost part of Hiroshima Bay, were suggested as possible factors affecting the inter-annual variability in moon jellyfish abundance in the coastal areas of northern Hiroshima Bay. Moon jellyfish were more abundant in the coastal areas of northern Hiroshima Bay, where the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration was lower, while low in the central part of the bay. Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus eggs were most dominant (58.1% in number) among the ichthyoplankton and were abundant in the central area of Hiroshima Bay. Explanatory analysis was conducted to detect possible effects of environmental conditions on the abundance of moon jellyfish and Japanese anchovy eggs during the summer months in Hiroshima Bay. Of the environmental conditions tested (temperature, salinity and DO of surface and bottom layers at each sampling station), bottom DO had the most significant effect on the moon jellyfish abundance: there was a negative correlation between the bottom DO and the moon jellyfish abundance in Hiroshima Bay during summer. 相似文献
15.
海岸带工程地质环境的稳定性对于海洋工程的建设安全和沿海经济繁荣十分重要。在胶州湾海域已有地质、水文等数据的基础上,对胶州湾海底工程环境适宜性进行了分区。通过无监督机器学习的谱聚类算法,构建了胶州湾海底工程环境适宜性综合评价模型。结果表明,胶州湾整体工程环境适宜性趋势为北高南低,从北向南依次可分为适宜性高、适宜性较高、适宜性较低和适宜性低四个区域。相关性分析表明,影响胶州湾海域海底工程适宜性的因素从高到低依次为冲淤分布、沉积物类型、坡度、第四系沉积物厚度、水深、海流流速、断裂分布。本研究可为胶州湾工程环境和地质灾害预防提供参考,有助于海洋工程环境稳定和经济安全保障。 相似文献
16.
The outer shelf of Funka Bay, located at the bay head of Hidaka Bay, is a recognised main winter spawning ground for walleye
pollock (Theragra chalcogramma), whose newly hatched juveniles migrate eastward along the Hidaka shelf to the nursery ground located in the Doto area. To
examine the seasonal change of the coastal current along this migration route, four current moorings were deployed along the
shelf in Hidaka Bay from April, 2004 to June, 2006. Since these mooring sites were close to the coast, the circulation was
estimated after removal of the wind-driven component. It was found that the winter coastal flow, forced by a north-westerly
monsoon wind, is clockwise along the Hidaka shelf. However, this flow is weak due to the superimposition of the opposite Coastal
Oyashio flow trapped on the shelf. In summer, a bifurcation of the coastal current occurs along the north-eastern Hidaka shelf
with a south-eastward flow, associated with the Tsugaru Gyre, and a north-westward flow, consisting of a branch from this
gyre. Our results provide a new understanding of the migration of juvenile walleye pollock: (1) very slow transport of juveniles
along the Hidaka shelf from winter to spring, and (2) selection of earlier spawning survivors due to the bifurcated flow in
early summer. 相似文献
17.
由于滨海湿地丰富的资源和优越的环境,人们对其进行了大规模的开发利用,导致了滨海湿地的丧失与生态退化。滨海湿地位于陆地-海洋-大气相互作用最活跃的地带,具有非常重要的生态意义。总结泉州湾滨海湿地水动力、地貌、生态、环境质量的特征,分析围填海、养殖、污染物排放及人工生态工程等对滨海湿地的影响。结果表明,随着社会经济的快速发展以及人类活动的显著增强,泉州湾滨海湿地面积减小,输水及输沙的路径和方式发生变化,湿地环境质量显著下降,生物多样性及生物量减少。为了实现泉州湾滨海湿地的可持续发展,提出了如下对策:(1)加强围海造地的科学管理,提倡新的围海造地方式;(2)开展海岸整治与生态修复,建设特色湿地公园;(3)挖掘海洋文化特色,发展生态旅游。本研究揭示高强度人类活动对滨海湿地环境的影响,为开展滨海湿地研究、整治与修复,为制定滨海湿地开发利用与保护对策提供科学依据。 相似文献
18.
LiangShichu WangBosun 《海洋通报(英文版)》2003,5(2):54-61
The fractal characteristics of the canopy structure o! B. gymnorrhiza population are investigated by fractal dimension analysis in the National Shankou Mangrove Nature Reserve. The 3-year-old branches have box dimensions between 1.22 and 1.55, showing thecomplexity degree of branching structure and the ability of occupying and utilizing ecological space. It may be considered that fractal dimension provides a useful index for the study of light utilization efficiencies and growth processes of B. gymnorrhiza. Calculated by using the two-surface method, the fractal dimensions for the crown pattern of individuals with ages of 20 to 50 years range from 2.21 to 2.54, indicating that the filling degree of foliage to a tree crown is relatively low and B. gymnorrhiza has the property of a sun plant.Along with the increase of ages of individuals, the filling degree of foliage to a tree crown changes from high to low, and so does the fractal dimeilsion. The box dimensions obtained from the grayscale curves of population canopy are between 1.47 and 1.61. The greater the box dimension, the more loosely organized the canopy spatial structure, and the more the light spots. The canopy structural information and complexity of a population can be effectively captured by box dimensions obtained from canopy grayscale curves. 相似文献
19.
近30年来莱州湾滨海湿地景观格局变化特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于莱州湾滨海湿地特征以及野外实地观测数据,利用landsat遥感影像手段,揭示1990-2018年莱州湾滨海湿地景观格局变化特征,并结合景观指数分析莱州湾滨海湿地异质性。结果表明,1990-2018年间,莱州湾滨海湿地呈现人工滨海湿地面积增加而天然滨海湿地面积减少的趋势。截至2018年莱州湾滨海湿地面积总计1954 km2,其中天然滨海湿地面积约811 km2,人工滨海湿地面积约1143 km2,分别占42%和58%,滨海湿地向建设用地转化的趋势明显。斑块数量(NP)、景观形状指数(LSI)等景观指数值逐年增加,表明莱州湾景观格局变化明显且破碎化程度加重。莱州湾滨海湿地不同岸段之间景观格局变化的驱动机制不完全一样,造成其破碎化程度加重的自然驱动力有河口冲淤、降水量变化等;人工驱动力主要为城市建设、港口码头、集约用海区建设、养殖业和制盐业的开发利用等。以期对莱州湾滨海湿地生态系统退化原因、合理利用和优化土地空间布局、采取有效措施保护及恢复滨海湿地提供一定的技术支持。 相似文献
20.
利用2017年8-9月期间大连长兴岛海域实测遥感反射率、悬浮物浓度及GF-1 WFV数据,研究了该区域悬浮物浓度的遥感反演算法,发现遥感反射率与悬浮物浓度的散点图存在两种不同的变化趋势,将2008-2015年期间辽东湾内其它海域的数据与长兴岛海域数据进行叠加后,可初步推断产生两种变化趋势的主要原因在于疏浚区与非疏浚区悬浮物的粒径大小不同,导致其光学特性和反演算法也存在差异。将两种算法分别应用于2017年9月20日辽东湾及长兴岛近岸海域的GF-1 WFV4影像,发现采用非疏浚区算法反演长兴岛海域悬浮物浓度时,出现明显的低估现象,而疏浚区算法则能较好地反映出疏浚施工过程中悬浮物的分布规律,具有较好的工程应用价值。 相似文献