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1.
温度影响对虾白斑综合症病毒增殖机制的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
已有文献报道温度是影响虾类感染对虾白斑综合症病毒(WSSV)的重要因素但并不清楚其机制.在本实验中我们通过定量检测病毒拷贝数后发现环境温度与病毒增殖速度有相关性.当温度在21~30℃之间时病毒增殖速度最快,病虾于感染后6~8d全部死亡而高温(33℃)及较低温度(15 ~ 18℃)对病毒的增殖均具有一定的抑制作用,虾存活时间超过了14 d;当温度降至12℃或8℃时病毒增殖受到明显抑制,虾存活时间长达40 d.通过激光共聚焦显微镜观察进一步发现病毒进入宿主细胞的能力与温度密切相关,高温(33℃)和低温(12℃)下病毒进入细胞的数量明显比27℃时少;而通过对病毒iel和up28基因的转录分析发现与27℃相比,高温(33℃)和低温(12℃)明显改变了病毒基因的转录.本实验结果表明温度影响WSSV基因组的复制、转录及病毒入侵细胞的能力从而导致了病虾死亡时间上的差异.  相似文献   

2.
对虾白斑综合征病毒(White Spot Syndrome Virus.WSSV)是引起对虾白斑综合症的主要病原。对虾白斑综合症于20世纪90年代初首先在中国台湾地区发生,1994年扩展到整个亚洲的对虾养殖地区。1995年11月,西半球首先发现该病毒,1999年美国中部和南部也有类似的报道。2001年欧洲和澳洲都检测到了WSSV。短短10余年,对虾白斑综合症席卷了全球的对虾养殖地区,给世界对虾养殖业造成了不可估量的损失。  相似文献   

3.
诱导型一氧化氮合成酶(iNOS)在生物机体免疫,特别在无脊椎动物免疫中的作用近来得到了广泛的关注,由其催化产生的一氧化氯(NO)除具有已知的神经传导、松弛平滑肌等功能外,还具有抗菌、抗病毒、抗寄生虫等作用。作者通过硝基四氯唑蓝(NBT)法和血细胞形态观察等方法,对中国明对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)血细胞中存在的诱导型一氧化氮合成酶进行了初步鉴定。在此基础上,通过亚硝酸盐法和L-瓜氨酸法对比,研究了感染白斑综合症病毒(WSSV)后中国明对虾血细胞中一氧化氯合成酶的变化情况。结果显示,中国明对虾在感染WSSV后,iNOS活性在12h内有上升趋势,实验36h后酶活性显著下降,至60h后酶活性降至对照组的一半左右。同时,被脂多糖(LPS)诱导的一氧化氮合成酶活性与对照相比也有显著下降。与此对应的是,核酸探针斑点杂交法检测病毒的结果显示:实验36h后在对虾体内能够检测到白斑综合症病毒。对照组中国明对虾血细胞的iNOS在实验过程中基本保持稳定。这说明WSSV在感染中国明对虾初期可以诱导血细胞产生iNOS,但随着WSSV在中国明对虾体内的大量增殖及其对血细胞的破坏,使得iNOS活性显著降低,对虾也趋于死亡。因此,iNOS能够作为反映对虾在病毒感染过程中健康状况的有效指标。  相似文献   

4.
探讨对虾白斑综合症(White Spot Syndrome WSS)与虾池中桡足类之间的关系,于2003年5~10月份,在暴发过对虾白斑综合症的池塘中采集桡足类样品共128个,并从冬季底泥样品分离出桡足类休眠卵样品20个,以及此种休眠卵孵化得来的桡足类幼体样品5个。利用PCR斑点杂交法以及巢式PCR法检测样品中对虾白斑综合症病毒(White Spot Syndrome Virus WSSV)携带情况。结果表明,5~10月份桡足类样品中均能检测到阳性样品,总的阳性率为56.3%;其中,5月份样品阳性率为37.5%,6,8,9,10月份各取样1次,每次样品中的阳性率均在60%以上。在20例桡足类休眠卵样品中有1例为阳性,阳性率为5%;并且实验室中孵化此种休眠卵得来的桡足类幼体样品中检测到阳性,阳性率为40%。本研究初步表明,桡足类是WSSV的携带者或传播媒介之一,且冬季池塘底泥中携带WSSV的桡足类休眠卵可萌发出带病毒的桡足类。  相似文献   

5.
采用人工投喂的方法对人工选育的104个"黄海2号"中国对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)家系的5557尾个体[体重(2.1±0.7)g]进行WSSV感染实验,分别选取存活时间最长(342h)和存活时间最短(45h)的48尾个体,定义为抗病组和敏感组。用荧光定量PCR方法检测两组对虾体内WSSV含量,结果表明,抗病组和敏感组对虾体内WSSV含量范围分别为(2.64×104)—(3.13×106)和23.2—1.92×106copies/ngDNA,平均值分别为8.71×105和3.19×105copies/ng DNA,抗病组对虾WSSV含量显著高于敏感组(P<0.05),显示抗病组比敏感组具有更强的抗病性能。对感染测试的所有对虾的死亡情况进行统计分析,结果表明,其死亡曲线不符合数量性状的正态分布特征,提示中国对虾对WSSV的抗性可能由少数几个主基因决定。本研究可为揭示中国对虾抗WSSV性状的基因决定机制提供依据。  相似文献   

6.
中国明对虾caspase 基因的克隆与表达分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
利用细胞凋亡来清除多细胞器官受损伤或有害的细胞,为动物发育过程中保持机体平衡起到关键作用。为了研究细胞凋亡在甲壳类动物应对病毒感染后所起到的作用,作者利用同源克隆技术获得了中国明对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)caspase基因(FcCasp)的cDNA序列,并分析了该基因在对虾受到白斑综合症病毒(white spot syndrome virus,简称WSSV)刺激后的表达变化规律。结果表明,该基因的cDNA含有954个核苷酸,编码317个氨基酸,具有caspase家族典型的QACRG五肽蛋白酶活性位点(190-194氨基酸)。对注射了WSSV的中国明对虾FcCasp的表达进行分析,在5个时间点取其肝胰脏样本,经real-time PCR检测发现,WSSV刺激3 h后,对虾肝胰脏中FcCasp的表达呈现显著性上调,说明FcCasp的表达与WSSV感染密切相关,提示FcCasp基因与细胞凋亡相关。  相似文献   

7.
白斑综合症杆状病毒致病性特征   总被引:19,自引:1,他引:18  
对白斑综合症杆状病毒(WSBV)致病性特征的研究结果表明,WSBV的致病性与斑节对虾个体大小无关,WSBV的致病力与感染方式和病毒数量有关,在盐度为14,温度为28 ̄32℃的海水中,游离WSBV在4h内失去感染活性;体长7cm的白斑综合症死亡斑节对虾,其携带的WSBV在57h失去感染活性;体长7cm死亡斑节对虾经28℃空气干燥,其携带的WSBV在50h失去感染活性;WSBV不能通过体表感染健康斑节  相似文献   

8.
白斑综合症杆状病毒致病性特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对白斑综合症杆状病毒(WSBV)致病性特征的研究结果表明:WSBV的致病性与斑节对虾Penaeusmonodon个体大小无关,WSBV的致病力与感染方式和病毒数量有关;在盐度为14、温度为28-32℃的海水中,游离WSBV在4h内失去感染活性;体长7cm的白斑综合症死亡斑节对虾,其携带的WSBV在57h失去感染活性;体长7cm死亡斑节对虾经28℃空气干燥,其携带的WSBV在50h失去感染活性;WSBV不能通过体表感染健康斑节对虾,而斑节对虾摄食一定数量病毒才能导致感染;水不能作为游离WSBV的载体传播WSBV。  相似文献   

9.
白斑综合症病毒(white spot syndrome virus,WSSV)是对虾养殖业中最具破坏力的致病病毒.本实验用含WSSV的克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)肌肉投喂健康凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei),模拟自然条件下对虾经摄食感染WSSV的过程.在口服攻毒后不同时间分别取消化系统的不同器官通过荧光定量PCR测定各器官中病毒的拷贝数,发现攻毒后12~24 h病毒在食道或中肠中的病毒量仅增加了3~5倍,而在贲门胃和幽门胃中的病毒量增加了100倍以上.进一步的扫描电镜分析表明,病毒粒子对贲门胃和幽门胃内壁均具有很强的粘附能力,而对食道和中肠内壁的粘附能力很弱,且脱去了囊膜的WSSV核衣壳失去了与对虾消化道粘附的能力.以上结果说明WSSV经摄食后主要入侵的靶器官是胃,且病毒囊膜蛋白在病毒与宿主消化道器官的相互作用中起到了重要的作用.  相似文献   

10.
对虾WSSV人工感染螯虾及其检测   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13  
用对虾白斑综合症病毒(WSSV)人工感染淡水克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii),感染组螯虾3-6d内全部死亡,核酸探针点杂交两次检测感染螯虾的鳃、胃、血淋巴,阳性检出率分别为92%(92%),89%(86%),81%(75%),对照为11%(3%),3%(5%),0(0);光镜下可观察到感染螯虾的胃、鳃组织的靶细胞核肿大,嗜酸性着染,电镜下病变组织细胞核可见形态大小与WSSV一致的病毒粒子;病毒核酸原位杂交两次检测感染螯虾的胃、鳃、阳性检出率均为100%,对照阳性检出率均为0。结果表明:对虾WSSV可感染淡水克氏原螯虾,病毒核酸原位杂交是一种敏感特异的病毒检测方法。  相似文献   

11.
The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ~200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ~380 km from the coast at a depth of ~250 m above the sea level.  相似文献   

12.
We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability.  相似文献   

13.
We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic regime of the sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev  相似文献   

14.
We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the shelf zone and open sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev  相似文献   

15.
Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m3 from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m3 on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area.  相似文献   

16.
We use many-year archival observations of hydrologic and hydrobiologic state of the Sea of Azov for the identification of the structure of a model of its ecosystem. The ecosystem model, supplemented with expert estimates of bioresource consumption (fish reserve), contamination level, and possible ecologic fines for violation of the sea natural state, is formalized by the method of system dynamics. Hereat, the major part of influence functions is found in terms of observational data with application of self-organization algorithms. We also present the results of simulated experiments with the model of the ecosystem, which enable us to analyse scenarios of its behaviour under the influence of various external factors (wind, river discharge, water exchange with the Black Sea, etc.). Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev  相似文献   

17.
A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state.  相似文献   

18.
The stages of the development of the basin of the Bransfield Strait   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
The study of the sedimentary body of the Bransfield Strait has made it possible to identify several sedimentary complexes, to construct the first electronic charts for the acoustic basement, and to establish four stages of the evolution of its floor, which updates the previous knowledge about the formation of the strait. At the first stage, there was an increase in tension stresses that were accompanied by the local splits of the continental crust at the periphery of the Antarctic Peninsula. At the second stage, a graben-like structure filled with the Lower stratigraphic complex was formed northward of the Antarctic Peninsula. At the third stage, the continuing processes of extension led to intensive explosive activity of the growing volcanic structures and filling of the graben with sediments of the Middle seismostratigraphic complex. The fourth stage, which has continued until recently, is characterized by quasi-linear localization of the major centers of volcanic activity in the band closer to the South-Shetland Islands and the formation of the Upper seismostratigraphic sedimentary complex. The evolution of the floor of the Bransfield Strait reflects the process of penetration of the American-Antarctic ridge to the continental lithosphere of the Antarctic Peninsula for the last million years.  相似文献   

19.
The first data on the temporal evolution of the slope of the buried depression of the Black Sea are obtained. The sharp change in the rate of the decrease in the slope steepness that occurred in the Late Miocene-Pliocene time reflects a reorientation of the vector of mutual movement and a related intensification of the collision between the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates.  相似文献   

20.
Three mathematical models are considered: a two-dimensional model for calculating the concentration fields of the ecosystem components on the shelf of the Republic of Guinea, a pointwise model for the annual variation of the components, and a two predators-prey model. These models are used to study the effect of hydrodynamic conditions on the state of the shelf ecosystem and for research into the causes which distort the balance between marketable and unmarketable fish.Translated by Mikhail M. Trufanov.  相似文献   

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