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1.
运用分形理论,通过建立不同的相空间,计算了东太平洋多金属结核中的铁、锰元素的时间序列在各相空间中的关联分维,并与其在沉积物岩心中的关联分维进行了对比.通过研究发现,多金属结核中铁、锰元素和沉积物中Fe2O3及MnO在分形演化过程中均存在分维吸引子,认为沉积物中的Fe2O3和MnO可以用3个变量来描述,它们可能代表了火山、生物和陆地的三种来源,而描述结核中的铁、锰元素却需要14个变量,反映多金属结核中铁、锰元素的来源和/或赋存非常复杂,至少有14个因素在起作用,可能暗示了结核在形成过程中存在复杂的生物化学作用,为多金属结核的生物成因提供了间接的数学证据,同时也合理解释了结核生长结构所具有的自相似韵律现象.  相似文献   

2.
以2~4 cm为间隔,对冲绳海槽北部的CSH1孔岩心(17.36 m)进行了岩石磁学研究.根据岩心上部的两个特征火山灰层和浮游有孔虫组合分析建立了钻孔的时间框架,沉积物底部年龄可能为50 ka.除了在三个火山灰层和近表层向下的快速降低外,整个钻孔磁学参数的变化甚小,未能反映出50 ka来的气候变化.与大多数沉积物不同,该钻孔大多数层位的S值(S=-IRM-0.3T/SIRM,它代表了低矫顽力磁性矿物的含量)小于0.9,指示钻孔沉积物中存在相当比例的高矫顽力磁性矿物.代表性沉积物样品的磁化率-温度(K-T)曲线除了存在580℃磁铁矿的居里温度之外,还显示200~350℃的居里温度,指示样品中存在铁硫化物(胶黄铁矿-磁黄铁矿).这与加热过程中有刺鼻的臭味、加热后的沉积物变黑对铁硫化物的指示相吻合.自生成因的铁硫化物的存在以及表层磁性参数的快速降低,都明确表明沉积物遭受了早期成岩作用.除了三个火山灰层以外钻孔的其他层位无特征磁学变化,表明沉积物后来受到的改造作用强烈,磁学参数所蕴含的原始气候信号被破坏.在这一系列氧化-还原过程中消耗了沉积物中的有机质和水溶液中的硫酸盐,造成了沉积物中铁、锰元素的重新溶解和沉淀等.  相似文献   

3.
测试了具代表性的成岩型结核和水成型结壳的稀土元素,以研究稀土元素在这两种成因的海洋铁锰氧化物沉积物的特征及其与成因的关系。稀土元素特征表明稀土元素没有参与成岩型结核的成岩作用。即没有加入到1nm水锰矿中去,而是加入到无定形铁的氧化物、氢氧化物中去。同样,稀土元素也没有直接参与水成结壳的水成作用,即没有加入到锰、铁的氧化物、氢氧化物中去,而是与钙、磷相关。推测在很大程度上是先沉淀在钙、磷相中然后才加入到水成结壳中。稀土元素在这两种类型的沉积物的分布与其成因密切相关。  相似文献   

4.
辽东湾海底铁、锰的氧化还原过程及化学成岩作用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
于1988年6—7月在辽东湾进行了调查,对其沉积物间隙水中Fe~(2+),Mn~(2+)及有关参数的测定结果及相关分析表明,铁、锰平面与垂直分布类型的不同是由于Fe~(2+),Mn~(2+)氧化还原速率、扩散速度及控制体系不同的综合结果,得出Fe(Ⅱ,L)+S_2~(2-)→FeS_2(s)和Mn(Ⅳ,s)→Mn(Ⅱ,L)是控制辽东湾间隙水中Fe~(2+),Mn~(2+)浓度的主要体系,并用氧化还原界面层的一种简单模式讨论了铁、锰转移与其浓度-深度分布形状的关系。本文还应用Fick第一定律直接计算了沉积物-海水界面间铁、锰扩散转移通量。  相似文献   

5.
1994 年 4~11 月在东太平洋铁锰结核区, 使用 “向阳红 09”船, 采集 39 个表层沉积物、12 个上覆水和 7 个结核样。在现场用平板法测定了异养细菌和铁、锰细菌丰度, 用稀释法( M P N 法) 测定硫酸还原菌丰度。为了探讨微生物在大洋成矿过程的作用, 在实验室对异养细菌和锰细菌作纯化分离, 并进行了多项生理生化实验, 参照伯杰氏手册第八版鉴定至属。使用分光光度法, 测定锰细菌对锰、铁离子的转化作用, 使用 p H 计测定了p H 值的变化, 同时测定了不同培养温度对转化作用的影响。结果表明, 沉积物中异养细菌的数量在 3×100~95×103个/g; 锰、铁细菌的数量在1×100 ~1×103 个/g; 硫酸盐还原细菌的数量分布范围在 0~4×103个/g;在上覆水和结核样中各类细菌的数量均较低,比沉积物样中各类细菌数低 1 个数量级。在细菌的种群组成方面与近海区相比存在差异, 特别是在革兰氏阳性菌的组成上微球菌占了绝对优势。在成矿作用方面, 锰细菌对锰、铁氧化还原的实验结果表明, 在好氧的条件下, 锰细菌使可溶性的 M n2+ 氧化为 M n4+ , 其氧化速度与环境温度存在密切关系, 锰细菌对铁的氧化速度比对锰的氧化速度来得快。在  相似文献   

6.
锰细菌对锰、铁金属离子的转移作用   总被引:17,自引:2,他引:15  
本文报道了锰细菌对锰的氧化和铁的氧化还原作用的实验结果.在好氧的条件下锰细菌能使可溶性的Mn2+氧化为Mn4+.在锰细菌的生长繁殖过程中其环境的pH不断升高,更有利于锰的氧化;环境的温度升高可加快细菌对锰的氧化速度.锰细菌在含低价铁的培养液中可以较快地把Fe2+氧化为Fe3+,它的氧化速度要比锰的氧化速度快;在厌氧的培养条件下,锰细菌可将溶液中的高价铁还原为低价铁,而且使其环境的pH明显下降.  相似文献   

7.
西沙海槽潜在天然气水合物成因及形成地质模式   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
西沙海槽具备良好的热解成因气及断层通道、深部异常压力等运移条件,分析海底表层沉积物所含甲烷气来源可以很好地指示潜在天然气水合物成因.西沙海槽海底表层沉积物所含甲烷气以热解成因气为主,可能混有少量生物成因气.表层沉积物所含甲烷气为断层渗逸-自由扩散作用双重运移结果,主要有3种来源:(1)直接来自于下部断层通道中气态烃的释放;(2)来自于动态变化的水合物分解,再由渗滤作用或沿浅部微小断层向上运移;(3)来自于原地少量的生物气.不同地区有不同的气体来源,这是海底表层沉积物甲烷高值区与下部断层相关性较大而与BSR区域并非完全一致的原因.甲烷气来源及运聚条件综合分析表明,潜在天然气水合物以热解成因为主,为断层-渗滤综合地质模式.  相似文献   

8.
渤海湾表层沉积物中的砷与铁、铝、锰等元素的关系   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
渤海湾沉积物中的砷含量变动在8.8—18.1μg·g~(-1)之间,其中约有三分之一与铝、铁、锰等元素的水合氧化物相结合。本文主要是讨论渤海湾沉积物中的砷与铝、锰、铁等元素间的关系。 为了解沉积物中水合氧化物对砷的关系,除分析沉积物中铁、锰、钛和有机物外,同时也分析了Tamm溶液可提取的铁、铝、锰和砷的含量。  相似文献   

9.
冲绳海槽北部CS1孔岩石磁学特征及其早期成岩作用的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
以2~4cm为间隔,对冲绳海槽北部的CSH1孔岩心(17.36m)进行了岩石磁学研究.根据岩心上部的两个特征火山灰层和浮游有孔虫组合分析建立了钻孔的时间框架,沉积物底部年龄可能为50ka.除了在三个火山灰层和近表层向下的快速降低外,整个钻孔磁学参数的变化甚小,未能反映出50ka来的气候变化.与大多数沉积物不同,该钻孔大多数层位的S值(S=-IRM-0.3T/SIRM,它代表了低矫顽力磁性矿物的含量)小于0.9,指示钻孔沉积物中存在相当比例的高矫顽力磁性矿物.代表性沉积物样品的磁化率-温度(K-T)曲线除了存在580℃磁铁矿的居里温度之外,还显示200-350℃的居里温度,指示样品中存在铁硫化物(胶黄铁矿-磁黄铁矿).这与加热过程中有刺鼻的臭味、加热后的沉积物变黑对铁硫化物的指示相吻合.自生成因的铁硫化物的存在以及表层磁性参数的快速降低,都明确表明沉积物遭受了早期成岩作用.除了三个火山灰层以外钻孔的其他层位无特征磁学变化,表明沉积物后来受到的改造作用强烈,磁学参数所蕴含的原始气候信号被破坏.在这一系列氧化-还原过程中消耗了沉积物中的有机质和水溶液中的硫酸盐,造成了沉积物中铁、锰元素的重新溶解和沉淀等.  相似文献   

10.
主要研究了南沙群岛海域 湖及其礁外沉积物间隙水中的Fe2+,Mn2+,Mn/Fe值及礁外/ 湖值、沉积物—海水界面扩散通量、沉积类型及其氧化还原环境。结果表明,间隙水中Fe2+,Mn2+浓度 写湖高于礁外,锰高于铁,礁外/渴湖值Fe2+为0.28,Mn2+为0.66,Mn/Fe值 湖内为1.47,礁外为3.52,界面扩散Fe2+,Mn2+均是从沉积物向上覆海水扩散,扩散量的Mn/Fe值 湖为1.38,礁外为3.84,Fe2+,Mn2+浓度及其扩散特征的不同是由其氧化还原速率、扩散速度、控制体系及其氧化还原环境共同作用的结果。 湖沉积物以粗粉砂为主,为还原特征;礁外沉积物以粉砂质粘土软泥为主,为弱还原特征,从间隙水中Fe2+,Mn2+浓度,Mn/Fe值及其礁外/ 湖值,Fe2+,Mn2+界面扩散及其Mn/Fe值,沉积物氧化还原度(ROD)的研究得到一致的结论,南沙群岛海区湖沉积物的还原性比礁外沉积物强。  相似文献   

11.
I\TRODUcrIO\Most substances that enter the oceans are ultimately kept as sediments. ffefore settingdOwn, they experienced vdrious complex biological and chebocal cycles and interactions, whichinvolve sorne substances more than others. The interactlons continue after deposition. Sedl-ments do not lie passive]y on the sea--floor until they are buried: deeP--sea animals disturb thesediments as they forage fOr fdri, and some sediments may experience erosion and resuspensionby bottom currents. …  相似文献   

12.
高素兰 《海洋科学》1992,16(3):45-48
利用不同的化学分析方法,对5个岩芯沉积物进行了分析,结果表明,岩芯可分为铝硅酸盐沉积和碳酸盐沉积两种类型。前者主要是由Sio_2,Al_2O_3,Fe_2O_3以及其他金属氧化物组成,可能与火山源有关。后者主要是由碳酸盐组成,它与生物源有关。 典型岩芯沉积物多种氧化物含量的垂向变化往往发生在岩芯某一相同位置,这暗示了在地质时期中曾发生过地质环境的变化。  相似文献   

13.
Grain size and water content in box-core sediments from the Clarion-Clipperton fracture zone (C-C zone) in the northeast equatorial Pacific were analyzed in detail to understand the downcore variations across a hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Grain-size distributions in the topmost core sediments show two modes: a coarse mode (peaked at 50 μm) and a fine mode (at 2-25 μm). The coarse mode disappears gradually with depth accompanied by the dissolution of siliceous fossil tests, whereas the fine mode coarsens due to the formation of authigenic minerals. Water content increases abruptly across a color boundary between an upper pale brown layer and a lower dark brown layer that is the hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Abundant smectites and microvoid molds, which are created by the prolonged fossil dissolution in the underlying sediment, are attributed for the abrupt downcore variation of water content. Overall variations in grain size and water content in the topmost core sediments in the western C-C zone are possibly constrained by the dissolution of biogenic siliceous fossils. Variations in geotechnical properties related to these changes must be considered in the design of nodule collectors.  相似文献   

14.
Abstract

Grain size and water content in box-core sediments from the Clarion-Clipperton fracture zone (C-C zone) in the northeast equatorial Pacific were analyzed in detail to understand the downcore variations across a hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Grain-size distributions in the topmost core sediments show two modes: a coarse mode (peaked at 50 μm) and a fine mode (at 2–25 μm). The coarse mode disappears gradually with depth accompanied by the dissolution of siliceous fossil tests, whereas the fine mode coarsens due to the formation of authigenic minerals. Water content increases abruptly across a color boundary between an upper pale brown layer and a lower dark brown layer that is the hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Abundant smectites and microvoid molds, which are created by the prolonged fossil dissolution in the underlying sediment, are attributed for the abrupt downcore variation of water content. Overall variations in grain size and water content in the topmost core sediments in the western C-C zone are possibly constrained by the dissolution of biogenic siliceous fossils. Variations in geotechnical properties related to these changes must be considered in the design of nodule collectors.  相似文献   

15.
Polymetallic nodule and sediment characteristics were investigated for two blocks (KR2 and KR5) in the Korea Deep Ocean Study (KODOS) area in order to better understand nodule distribution and the potential effects of sediments on nodule genesis. The northern block (KR2) is dominated by hydrogenetic nodules, whereas the southern block (KR5) is dominated by diagenetic nodules. Sediments in the study area are assigned to three major lithologic units which are distinctive in color and texture. The northern block is characterized by a thick, metalpoor Unit 1 sediment, which is thin in the southern block, where metal-rich Units 2b and 3 occur close to the surface. The distribution of different nodule genetic types in the northern and southern blocks can be attributed to topographic variations (topographic high near seamounts in KR2 and abyssal plain in KR5) and different sedimentation rates (0.1 and 0.32 mm/kyr in blocks KR2 and KR5, respectively). The southern block has a geologic setting more conducive to diagenetic nodule formation, such as flat topography and sediment composition. Nodule distribution in the studied blocks might also be explained by the distribution of the sediment units of different metal contents. The northern block, in which Unit 1 is thicker, has more abundant hydrogenetic nodules, possibly because Unit 1 prevents metals that are remobilized from the underlying sediments from reaching the seabed where the nodules are forming.  相似文献   

16.
济州岛西北部的反气旋型涡旋沉积   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
利用992年以来采自南黄海的沉积物样品和199御的南黄海水文调查资料,采用地层对比、沉积动力及环境分析等方法,研究了济州岛西北海域反气旋型涡旋流型的环流性质、其下方泥质沉积物的特征以及它们之间的因果关系,并与南黄海中部的气旋型涡旋沉积进行也深入的对比。结果表明,反气旋和气旋型沉积物翥阳细粒的泥质沉积,是在沉积动力较弱的低能环境下生成的,但它们之间 存在明显的差异,特别是反气旋型涡旋的沉积厚度大、粒  相似文献   

17.
利用大洋多金属结核矿区调查过程中4个航次所得的600多组表层沉积物物性测试资料,将矿区的沉积物分为5种类型,并分析了这些沉积物的物理性质,同时,运用回归分析方法,统计分析了不同类型沉积物的含水量、湿密度、孔隙比与埋藏深度的关系,以及各物性指标之间的相关关系。结果表明:(1)大洋多金属结核矿区表层沉积物均为粉质土,黄棕色粉质土是西部矿区的主要沉积物类型,棕黄色粉质土是东部矿区的主要沉积物类型;(2)除褐色粉质土外,其余4种类型土的含水量、孔隙比均随埋藏深度的增加而减少和降低,湿密度则随深度增加而增大;(3)各类土的物性指标与埋藏深度的相关性甚好,因而可以利用埋藏深度对矿区的沉积物进行物性指标预测;(4)含水量、孔隙比、湿密度等物性指标之间呈线性相关,其中含水量与孔隙比的相关性最为密切,呈明显线性关系。  相似文献   

18.
珠江口底质常、微量元素分析结果表明, 富含Si、Al、K、Mg、Fe和Ti等元素的陆源物质构成本区沉积物主体, 主要元素氧化物平均含量分别为SiO261.16%, Al2O314.74%, Fe2O35.72%, TiO20.88%, MgO1.84%, K2O2.63%, CaO2.70%, CaCO34.79%。底质元素含量与沉积物粒度组成关系密切, 主要元素Al2O3、MgO、Fe2O3、TiO2以及微量元素Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、V、Co、Ni、Ba在西北部近岸区以及伶仃洋中部细颗粒沉积区内富集; 而SiO2、CaO、Zr、Sr则在西南部和东南部粗颗粒沉积区富集。控制本区沉积物地球化学特征的因素主要有物质来源、沉积环境、水动力条件、沉积物粒度、矿物组成以及元素自身地球化学性质等。  相似文献   

19.
Rock magnetic properties of unconsolidated sediments from the Korea Deep Ocean Study area of the northeastern equatorial Pacific were analyzed to trace the time-dependent variations of sedimentary environments. For upper Pleistocene sediments, light-brown sediments predominate, whereas the lower sediments deposited in the late Pliocene are dark brown. Rock magnetic properties also clearly differ among the two distinct color environments. Values of anhysteretic remanent magnetization and low-field magnetic susceptibility are highly responsive to changes in the color of the sediment. For example, comparatively low values denote a dominance of coarse-grained magnetic minerals as observed in the lower dark-brown layers. With respect to the content of magnetic minerals, coarse magnetic grains are highly concentrated in the darker-colored sediment layers. However, both the magnetic mineral dependent parameter (S ratio) and results of the scanning electron microscope observation indicate that magnetic mineral changes did not occur along the core depth, which means that there was no apparent source change. Without distinctive source changes, the variations in the rock magnetic properties likely reflect a process by which the magnetic grains were primarily transported by enhanced wind and bottom currents and affected by diagenetic dissolution as a function of both the time from burial and the extremely low sedimentation rates after deposition.  相似文献   

20.
Analysis of high-resolution seismic reflection profiles and sediment samples has revealed the evolution and sediment budget of the southeastern Yellow Sea mud belt (SEYSM) along the southwestern Korean Peninsula. The SEYSM, up to 50 m thick, over 250 km long and 20–55 km wide, can be divided into three stratigraphic units (A1, A2, and B, from oldest to youngest). Unit A1, overlying the acoustic basement, comprises the northern part of the SEYSM. Unit A2 comprises the southern part of the SEYSM; much of unit A2 is exposed at the seafloor. Unit B completely covers unit A1 and pinches out southward.

14C data suggest that evolution of each unit is closely related to the postglacial sea-level changes. Unit A1 consists of estuarine/deltaic or shallow-water muds deposited during the early to middle stage of postglacial sea-level rise (ca. 14,000–7000 yr B.P.). Unit A2 corresponds to relict muds deposited during the last, deceleration stage of sea-level rise (ca. 7000–3.500 yr B.P.). Unit B consists of shelf muds deposited during the recent sea-level highstand (ca. <3500 yr B.P.).

Very low background activities of 210Pb of the surface sediment of unit A2 suggest that the present-day sediment accumulation is negligible in the southern SEYSM. On the other hand, 210Pb excess activity profiles in unit B yield an average sediment accumulation rate of 3.9 mm/yr, indicating active sediment accumulation in the northern SEYSM. The annual sink (3.0×107 tons/yr) of fine-grained sediment in unit B is about an order of magnitude greater than can be explained by the sediment input from the Korean rivers alone. We propose that reworking of unit A2 has provided large volumes of muds to unit B, resulting in excessive sediment accumulation in the northern SEYSM. Much of unit A2, in turn, is likely to have originated from erosion of unit A1 in the north. This rather unique erosional/depositional regime of the SEYSM is probably owing to the tidal and regional currents characteristic in the southeastern Yellow Sea.  相似文献   


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