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1.
长江河口下扁担沙水域最长连续不宜取水时间 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
长江河口已建成陈行水库、青草沙水库和东风西沙水库，提供了约80%的上海用水。但随着社会和经济的发展，用水缺口仍然存在。下扁担沙位于南北港分汊口上游，大潮落潮期间滩涂露出。本文利用研究组长期研发和应用的长江河口盐水入侵三维数值模式，计算在1978-1979年特枯径流量条件下该水域的盐水入侵和连续最长不宜取水时间，了解下扁担沙水域能否作为备用水源地。本文采用2017年2月19日到3月1日北支8个站位的观测资料，结果表明表层和底层盐度模拟值和实测值之间相关系数、均方根误差和技术分数的平均值分别为0.85、1.82和0.82，模式计算盐度和实测值吻合良好，能较好地模拟长江河口盐水入侵。模式计算表明，下扁担沙模式输出点最长连续不宜取水时间为13.79 d，盐水入侵在大潮后期和大潮后中潮主要源自上游北支倒灌，小潮后中潮主要源自下游正面入侵，且前者影响比后者大。能取水时段就出现在小潮后中潮，淡水是南支上游南侧随落潮流平流过来的。下扁担沙水域的最长连续不宜取水时间远比青草沙水库和东风西沙水库的短，表明下扁担沙水域淡水资源远比南支上游和下游水域充足，是个极为优越的备用水源地。 相似文献
2.
近60年来长江河口河势变化及其对水动力和盐水入侵的影响Ⅲ.盐水入侵 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
本文应用本系列论文Ⅱ中建立的长江河口水动力和盐水入侵三维数值模式,模拟长江河口20世纪50年代、70年代和2012年盐水入侵,定量分析不同年代河势下盐水入侵状况和变化程度及其原因。在北支,不同年代盐水入侵的变化是由分流比和潮差共同作用造成的。50年代北支盐水入侵较强,70年代大幅下降,中上段出现淡水,2012年盐水入侵极为严重,整个北支被高盐水占据,上段出现强烈的盐度锋面。50年代和2012年,北支盐水倒灌南支,大潮期间远大于小潮期间,2012年远强于50年代,70年代没有北支盐水倒灌南支现象。在南支,50年代、70年代南支大部分为盐度都小于0.45的淡水,在2012年大潮期间由于出现了强烈的北支盐水倒灌,南支上段出现盐度大于0.45的盐水。在南北港,在50年代盐水入侵最严重;大潮期间,北港净分流比南港大21.6%,北港盐度小于南港盐度,外海盐水主要通过南港入侵,出现南港盐水倒灌进入北港的现象。至70年代,南支主流转向南港,南港净分流比增大,比北港大10.4%,南港盐度明显小于北港盐度;南北港盐水入侵较弱。在2012年,南支主流再次转向北港,北港分流比比南港大10.4%,南港的盐水入侵再次强于北港。小潮期间,50年代由于南港分流比相比于大潮时更小,南港盐水上溯距离更远,上段盐度比更大;至70年代,北港分流比减少,盐水入侵减弱;至2012年,由于大潮时期北支倒灌的盐水在小潮期间到达北港,北港净盐通量比大潮时期大。由于潮动力减弱,小潮期间各年代垂向盐度分层更明显,盐水入侵变化与大潮期间一致。 相似文献
3.
长江口北支盐水倒灌南支对青草沙水源地的影响 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：13
自1978年以来，在长江口的几个关键岸段（例青龙港、新建、高桥、堡镇等）设置盐度观测站；1992－1994年的枯季、在青草沙水源地的南、北两侧各抛测量船一般，在一个完整的大、中、小潮期间、连续逐时观测流速、流向、水深、盐度等，同时在青龙港等处设置6个岸边观测点同步取样；1995－1996年在船站位置各设置氯离子自动监测仪一台；1996年3月又进行了一次大规模的长江口水文测验。本文对大量的现场资料作了分析计算。研究结果表明，青草沙水源地盐水来源主要有北支倒灌咸水团和外海咸水入侵。前者的特征为，氯度的半月变化是小潮期（或小潮后的寻常潮）的氯度反高于大潮期，氯度的潮周日变化是日最高值出现在落憩附近，日最低值出现在涨憩附近，氯度的垂向分层不明显。这与外海盐水入侵引起的氯离子浓度在半月和潮周日内的变化特征正好相反。 相似文献
4.
基于无结构网格数值模型FVCOM建立了长江口三维盐水输运模型,模型经充分验证后能够合理刻画长江口水动力和盐度输运过程,并成功对2010—2014年多次咸潮倒灌过程进行后报模拟,计算结果与实测吻合较好。以2014-01—02咸潮入侵事件为背景模拟三峡运行后河口规划工程对长江口咸潮入侵和倒灌的影响。结果表明河口规划工程整体上减弱南支咸潮入侵和倒灌,但使口门地区盐度增大,北支下段咸潮上溯稍有增强。规划工程减弱青草沙水库和陈行水库受咸潮入侵的影响,但使东风西沙水库取水口盐度增大,尤其在南支规划工程的作用下盐度最大值和平均值均有所增大,这主要是受扁担沙护滩潜堤的阻流作用影响而使入侵和倒灌的盐水团落潮不畅形成滞留。未来十年随着长江口规划工程的推进、上游水沙条件变异及其引起的地形冲淤变化,需进一步开展系统的咸潮入侵演变和影响研究。 相似文献
5.
长江口北支异常强盐水入侵观测与分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
长江口北支由于径流分流比很小,盐水入侵较强,特别是枯季大潮期盐水甚至倒灌进入南支,影响上海市和江苏省的水源地水质。为了进一步研究北支盐水入侵的规律及影响因素,2014年1月1-9日在北支进行了大小潮同步水文观测。本次观测到了北支异常强盐水入侵:小潮期发生强盐水入侵,且强度大于大潮期。小潮期强盐水入侵导致中下游河段被高浓度盐水控制,盐度从下游B01到中游B02几乎没有变化,且盐度的涨落潮变化几乎消失。分析认为,小潮观测期间长江入河口流量较小、河口潮差不是太小,加上强偏北风,三者的叠加是导致强盐水入侵的主要原因。 相似文献
6.
长江口北支盐水倒灌的数值模型研究 总被引：25，自引：6，他引：19
20世纪80年代以来,国内对长江口盐水入侵进行了大量系统专门的研究,对长江口的盐水入侵规律有了一个比较基本的认识.但是,长江口特别是在南支及南北港的盐度变化规律极其复杂,主要有盐度的周日变化峰值与潮流变化关系不尽协调,落潮时盐度反而最大;盐度的纵向分布上游比下游高;盐度的半月变化峰值一般发生在小潮和寻常潮期间,而且各测点盐度峰值的发生时间不尽一致[1,2]等等.其中北支盐水向南支倒灌是引起长江口盐度变化异常复杂的主要原因[1-5].北支倒灌在长江口盐度变化中扮演了重要的角色,掌握北支倒灌是认识长江口盐水入侵规律特别是南支和南北港盐度变化规律的重要内容,同时也是长江口淡水咨源利用的一个重要方面. 相似文献
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8.
为解决上海日益增长的用水需求, 保障淡水资源安全, 需要建设长江河口避咸蓄淡特大型水库。本文应用改进的三维长江河口盐水入侵数值模式, 采用2007和2008年10个水文站盐度资料对模式进行验证, 计算青草沙水库最长不宜取水天数。本文以径流量特枯的1978—1979年作为水文计算年, 考虑三峡工程、南水北调东线工程和沿江引排水对大通实测逐日径流量的修正, 考虑潮汐、风应力和混合等作用。根据2003年地形计算得出青草沙水库的最长连续不宜取水天数为68天, 这个水库设计的重要参数已在水库建设中采用。根据2008年地形计算得出青草沙水库的最长连续不宜取水天数为54天, 已被水库调度采用。2003年至2008年北支上段河势发生了明显变化, 导致北支盐水倒灌减弱, 因此这期间的最长不宜取水天数减少。 相似文献
9.
长江口最大浑浊带是陆海交汇的核心区域,其航槽是扼海-河联运的咽喉,悬沙峰的涨落潮周期变化深刻影响航槽的稳定性。本文利用长江口南槽上、中、下段3个站点枯季小潮和大潮的流速、盐度、悬沙平均粒径和悬沙浓度的实测资料,分析最大浑浊带悬沙峰特征及其动力机制。发现:流速和滩槽交换增强导致大潮平均悬沙浓度比小潮增加了0.78—1.97倍,絮凝也导致憩流底层悬沙浓度增加8%左右,但流速和絮凝与悬沙浓度的关系均非线性。大小潮盐度梯度与底层悬沙浓度关系呈现高线性相关关系,表明盐度梯度强化或突变是泥沙再悬浮形成悬沙峰的主要动力。 相似文献
10.
海南岛南渡江河口枯季大小潮的盐度变化特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
南渡江河口长度较短,河口内驻波发育。河口内盐水入侵近年来呈加剧之势。根据2009年2月大小潮多站同步的周日水流、盐度观测以及2009年11-12月连续38天的表层盐度观测资料,结合EFDC数值模拟结果,分析了南渡江河口枯季大小潮期的盐度与水体分层的时空变化规律。结果表明,枯季时南渡江河口干流自口门向陆,潮流流速递减,盐度减小,水体分层增强。水体分层在落潮时增大,涨潮时减小。大潮期的混合作用强于小潮期。河道内采砂形成的深坑对高盐水起到捕集作用,涨潮时输入的高盐水在落潮时无法向海输出,对南渡江的盐水入侵起到加剧作用。实测资料显示,小潮期的盐水入侵长度要大于大潮期。 相似文献
11.
Impact of the eastern water diversion from the south to the north project on the saltwater intrusion in the Changjiang Estuary in China 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The south to the north project(WDP) on the saltwater intrusion in the Changjiang Estuary is studied by the improved three-dimensional(3D) numerical model.The net unit width flux in the Changjiang Estuary as well as the sectional salt flux is calculated in the North Branch(NB),the South Branch(SB),the North Channel(NC),the South Channel(SC),the North Passage(NP) and the South Passage(SP),respectively.The net seaward water flux in the SB is reduced,and the net water flux spilling over from the NB to the SB is enhanced after the eastern WDP.Under the mean river discharge condition in the dry season,the net salt flux spilling over from the NB to the SB is increased by 2.09 t/s and 0.52 t/s during the spring and neap tides,respectively,due to the eastern WDP.The saltwater intrusion in the Changjiang Estuary is enhanced by the eastern WDP.Compared with that during the spring tide,the net water diversion ratio during the neap tide in the NC is smaller,and thus the enhancement of the saltwater intrusion by the eastern WDP is smaller in the NC,and larger in the NP and the SP.The tidally averaged surface salinity at the water intakes of the Dongfengxisha Reservoir,the Chenhang Reservoir and the Qingcaosha Reservoir rises both during the spring and neap tides. 相似文献
12.
Investigation of saltwater intrusion and salinity stratification in winter of 2007/2008 in the Zhujiang River Estuary in China 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Saltwater intrusion is a serious environmental problem in the Zhujiang River Estuary(ZRE),which threatens the water supply of fifteen million people.The hydrological observations as well as meteorological and tidal forcing in the winter of 2007/2008 were analyzed to examine the saltwater intrusion in the ZRE.The observational results suggest that the maximum vertical difference of salinity can reach 10 in the Humen Channel during neap tide,but is very small in the Hengmen Channel.The vertically averaged salinity from time series stations during spring tide is higher than that during neap tide.A three-dimensional finite difference model was developed based on the environmental fluid dynamic code(EFDC) to study the mechanism of saltwater intrusion and salinity stratification in the ZRE.By analyzing the salt transport and the temporal variation of saltwater intrusion,the authors found that the net salt transport due to the estuarine circulation during neap tide was more than that during spring tide.This caused salt to advance more into the estuary during neap tide.However,saltwater intrusion was stronger during spring tide than that during neap tide because the spring-neap variation in salt transport was small relative to the total length of the saltwater intrusion.The physical mechanism causing this saltwater intrusion was investigated by a series of sensitivity experiments,in order to examine saltwater intrusion in response to river discharge and winds.The freshwater source was a dominant influencing factor to the saltwater intrusion and controlled salinity structure,vertical stratification and length of the saltwater intrusion.The prevailing northeast monsoon during winter could increase the saltwater intrusion in the ZRE.Though the southwest wind was unfavorable to saltwater intrusion during spring tide,it could increase stratification and saltwater intrusion during neap tide. 相似文献
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14.
长江口北支悬沙浓度在潮周期内和大小潮周期尺度的变化特征及输运研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Profiles of tidal current and suspended sediment concentration(SSC) were measured in the North Branch of the Changjiang Estuary from neap tide to spring tide in April 2010. The measurement data were analyzed to determine the characteristics of intratidal and neap-spring variations of SSC and suspended sediment transport. Modulated by tidal range and current speed, the tidal mean SSC increased from 0.5 kg/m3 in neap tide to 3.5 kg/m3 in spring tide. The intratidal variation of the depth-mean SSC can be summarized into three types: V-shape variation in neap tide, M-shape and mixed M-V shape variation in medium and spring tides. The occurrence of these variation types is controlled by the relative intensity and interaction of resuspension, settling and impact of water exchange from the rise and fall of tide. In neap tide the V-shape variation is mainly due to the dominant effect of the water exchange from the rise and fall of tide. During medium and spring tides, resuspension and settling processes become dominant. The interactions of these processes, together with the sustained high ebb current and shorter duration of low-tide slack, are responsible for the M-shape and M-V shape SSC variation. Weakly consolidated mud and high current speed cause significant resuspension and remarkable flood and ebb SSC peaks. Settling occurs at the slack water periods to cause SSC troughs and formation of a thin fluff layer on the bed. Fluxes of water and suspended sediment averaged over the neap-spring cycle are all seawards, but the magnitude and direction of tidal net sediment flux is highly variable. 相似文献
15.
Saltwater intrusion has been serious in the Pearl River estuary in recent years. For better understanding and analysis of the saltwater movement to the estuary, the three-dimensional Finite-Volume Coastal Ocean Model (FVCOM) is made to simulate the salinity intrusion to the four western watercourses in the Pearl River estuary under three semilunar conditions. With the measured and simulated Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and the mean absolute percentage error of water level and salinity at multiple sites, the results show that the numerical water levels, salinity and flow velocities are in agreement with the measured data. It is acceptable and feasible to apply the FVCOM to simulate the salt water intrusion in the western four watercourses of the Pearl River. With the numerical data, the time and spatial movement patterns of saltwater intrusion along the Modao watercourse are analyzed. The salinity contour reaches its peak generally during 3-5 days before the spring tide. The salinity stratification is more obvious in the period of ebb tide than that in the rising tide whether in the spring or neap tides. Salt fluxes reflect changes of salt into the estuary, and the change rules are close to the rules of salinity intrusion. 相似文献
16.
潮滩泥沙的输运过程是河口近岸泥沙输运的重要组成部分,也是诊断潮滩侵蚀-淤积的重要动力指标,特别是在地貌演变过程显著的区域更具指示意义。本研究选择长江口崇明岛东北部潮滩,在2018年3月30日—4月10日进行三脚架多参数观测,获取了高分辨率的流速、含沙量等剖面数据,运用机制分解法分析了连续21个潮周期的泥沙输运过程。结果表明:崇明东北侧潮滩观测站位的含沙量从观测开始至大潮阶段不断增大,在此期间底部含沙量也出现了最大值(7.82 g·L~(-1))。大潮过后直到小潮期间含沙量逐渐减少;观测站位单宽净输沙量有着明显的潮周期差异,从数量上看,大潮期间的单宽净输沙量为1.61×10~4kg·m~(-1),中潮期间为8.28×10~3kg·m~(-1),均远远大于小潮期间的单宽净输沙量,从方向上看,则具有大潮和小潮向口内,中潮向口外的泥沙净输运方向差异;大潮和中潮内的单宽输沙率均大于0.17 kg·m~(-1)·s~(-1),远大于小潮时的单宽输沙率。对各项输沙机制的结果分析来看,"潮泵效应"对输沙量的贡献最大,平流输运次之,而由于水深较浅,垂向环流对输运量影响较小。在观测期间出现了显著的从潮滩向主槽的泥沙输运。总体上看,潮滩泥沙输运过程指示了显著的向口内和主槽的泥沙输运,是北支河口区域泥沙淤积的重要来源。 相似文献
17.
To clarify the time change in water exchanges between Ise Bay and the adjacent ocean, repeated hydrographic observations were
conducted along the longitudinal section in Ise Bay. The results show that the mixing condition at the bay mouth (Irago Strait)
changed fortnightly in summer. During the spring tides, the strait water below the pycnocline was well-mixed and nearly homogeneous.
By contrast, it was weakly stratified during the neap tide. There is a strong negative correlation between the tidal range
and the density difference between the upper and lower layers at the strait. In summer, the intrusion depth of oceanic water
into the bay and consequent hydrographic conditions inside the bay changed frequently according to the tidal strength. During
the spring tides a prominent bottom front was created at the bay mouth, indicating that the strait water, which is a mixture
of oceanic and bay waters, intruded through the middle layer. On the other hand, during the neaps, cold and saline oceanic
water intruded through the bottom layer into the bay. The intrusion depth is significantly correlated with the tidal range.
It is considered that the wellmixed strait water, which has a density equivalent to the middle layer inside the bay, is lighter
than the bottom bay water and thus intrudes through the middle layer during the spring tides, while insufficient mixing makes
the bottom water at the strait heavier than the bay water, leading to the bottom intrusion during the neap tides. 相似文献