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1.
为了解黄、渤海浮游动物群落特征, 利用2014年春季在黄、渤海采集的浮游动物样品, 对浮游动物的种类组成、丰度、生物量、优势种和生物多样性进行分析, 分析浮游动物群落结构与环境因子间的相关关系, 并划分了浮游动物群落。共记录浮游动物78个种类(南黄海69种、北黄海42种、渤海47种), 浮游幼虫占比最高。研究海域的浮游动物平均丰度为3 183.8±7 829.7 ind./m3, 剔除夜光虫(Noctiluca scintillans)后, 平均丰度为537.3±554.2 ind./m3; 平均生物量为409.1±517.5 mg/m3。夜光虫、中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)和强壮箭虫(Sagitta crassa)是黄、渤海的共同优势种。结合香农-威纳指数和累积优势度曲线分析, 渤海浮游动物的生物多样性最低, 北黄海次之, 南黄海的多样性最高。聚类分析表明, 研究海域浮游动物群落可划分为渤-黄海沿岸群落、黄海中部群落和南黄海-东海近岸混合水群落。相关性分析显示, 研究海域与浮游动物群落结构相关性最高的环境因子组合为温度、盐度和叶绿素a浓度。  相似文献   

2.
渤海湾近岸海域浮游动物多样性   总被引：7，自引：5，他引：2  
2004~2009年每年1~2次对渤海湾近岸海域选定站位进行采样,分析了其浮游动物的种类组成及种类多样性。结果表明,渤海湾近岸海域共鉴定出浮游动物9大类48种,主要种类为近岸低盐种,优势种主要为强壮箭虫(Sagitta crassa)、中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)、大同拟长腹剑水蚤(Oithona similes)、小拟哲水蚤(Paracalanus parvus)和双刺纺锤水蚤(Acartia bifilosa)。通过不同年份渤海湾近岸海域浮游动物物种丰度、多样性指数、均匀度指数、优势度的对比,发现渤海湾海域生物环境质量在2007年前呈下降趋势,2007年后呈回升趋势。渤海湾近岸海域南部断面的浮游动物多样性指数呈减小趋势,北部断面的浮游动物多样性呈增大趋势。  相似文献   

3.
夏季莱州湾浮游动物群落特征   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
根据2009 年8 月监测资料, 研究了夏季莱州湾海域浮游动物种类组成、生态分布、群落结构及其环境影响因子。共记录包括浮游幼虫在内的浮游动物38 种(类), 优势种类为长尾类幼虫、强壮箭虫、短尾类溞状幼虫及太平洋纺锤水蚤等。浮游动物丰度101.3～3620.0 个/m3, 平均602.8 个/m3, 丰度平面分布呈现湾西部高, 向中东部逐渐降低趋势; 长尾类幼虫、强壮箭虫、短尾类溞状幼虫出现频率100%,太平洋纺锤水蚤出现频率40.9%; 长尾类幼虫丰度7.8～1747.9 个/m3, 平均96.3 个/m3, 高值区分布于莱州湾西部黄河口以南近岸水域; 强壮箭虫丰度2.5～747.8 个/m3, 平均85.4 个/m3, 偏离近岸趋深水、低温区分布; 短尾类溞状幼虫丰度3.3～271.7 个/m3, 平均20.5 个/m3, 主要分布于莱州湾南部近岸水域; 太平洋纺锤水蚤丰度0～968.3 个/m3, 平均29.0 个/m3, 密集分布区在莱州湾西南部小清河外近岸低盐水域。浮游动物丰度分布与NO2-N、DO、COD 及NO3-N 呈显著正相关关系, 与盐度呈显著负相关关系(P＜0.01)。等级聚类分析(CLUSTER)将莱州湾的浮游动物分为湾西部和湾中东部两个群落。相比于湾中东部群落, 湾西部群落占据着莱州湾西部近岸较狭窄的地理范围, 其所在水域水浅, 盐度低, 无机氮、活性磷酸盐、叶绿素a、浮游动物丰度高及物种多样性高, 群落内生物相似性弱。  相似文献   

4.
为掌握黄河口邻近水域中小型浮游动物的现状并弥补此类重要浮游生物类群在以往调查研究中的欠缺, 于2010 年9 月在黄河口及其邻近海域用浅水Ⅱ型浮游生物网采集了浮游动物样品, 分析了中小型浮游动物的种类组成、丰度分布、优势种、生物多样性及群落结构。本次调查共鉴定浮游动物成体48 种, 浮游幼虫21 类, 桡足类和水螅水母为最主要的浮游动物类群, 分别占浮游动物成体种数的37.5%和20.8%。浮游动物丰度为2 300.1～266 232.0 个/m3, 平均丰度为37 074.3 个/m3。优势种(类)8种, 分别为夜光虫、强额拟哲水蚤、小拟哲水蚤、背针胸刺水蚤、异体住囊虫、桡足类无节幼虫、双壳类幼体以及腹足类幼体, 其中夜光虫为研究水域最主要优势种。对各站位物种组成和丰度进行分析,调查水域中小型浮游动物可划分为4 个组群, 各组群的分布格局受到水温、盐度和海流的共同影响。该研究为此水域生态系统的长期变化研究提供了重要基础资料和参考依据。  相似文献   

5.
以2020年8—9月在青岛近岸海域进行的浮游动物调查数据为基础,分析了该海域浮游动物的群落结构特征。调查海域共发现浮游动物成体29种,浮游幼虫14类,其中浅水Ⅰ型网调查发现成体27种,浮游幼虫14类,浅水Ⅱ型网发现成体24种,浮游幼虫12类;浅水Ⅰ型网和浅水Ⅱ型网调查浮游动物平均丰度分别为128.4 ind./m3、1 010.9 ind./m3;平均生物量(湿质量)为37.7 mg/m3、101.3 mg/m3;平均多样性指数为2.18、2.11;平均丰富度指数为0.95、1.77;平均均匀度指数为0.54、0.70;浅水Ⅰ型网采集的浮游动物种类数量略多于浅水Ⅱ型网,但浅水Ⅱ型网得出的丰度和生物量远大于浅水Ⅰ型网。在群落多样性评价指数方面,两种网具调查结果有一定的差异。  相似文献   

6.
以2020年11月（秋季）和2021年3月（春季）在青岛董家口港邻近海域进行的浮游动物调查数据为基础，分析了该海域浮游动物的群落结构特征。研究海域春、秋两季总共发现浮游动物33种成体，11类浮游幼虫，其中春季调查发现18种成体，5类浮游幼虫，秋季发现24种成体，9类浮游幼虫；春、秋两季调查浮游动物平均个体密度分别为129.4、69.4 ind/m3；平均生物量（湿重）为1 166.5、23.8 mg/m3；平均种类多样性指数（H′）为1.38、2.61；丰度（d）为0.95、1.77；均匀度（J）为0.90、0.67；春季调查优势种为八斑芮氏水母（Rathkea octopunctata）、中华哲水蚤（Calanus sinicus）、腹针胸刺水蚤（Centropages abdominalis）、强壮滨箭虫（Aidanosagitta crassa），秋季调查优势种为五角水母（Muggiaea atlantica）、双生水母（Diphyes chamissonis）、拟长腹剑水蚤（Oithona similis）、小拟哲水蚤（Paracalanus parvus）、异体住囊虫（Oikopleura dioica）、近缘大眼剑水蚤（Corycaeus affinis）、多毛类幼体、蛇尾纲长腕幼虫；聚类分析表明调查海域浮游动物可划分为两个组。  相似文献   

7.
为了解舟山附近海域大型底栖动物群落组成特点及其与环境因子的内在关联,在2019~2020年对舟山附近海域12个站位的大型底栖动物及环境因子进行了调查研究。采用丰度、生物量、相对重要性指数(IRI)、Cluster聚类以及PCoA分析和Pearson相关性分析等方法对该海域的大型底栖动物群落组成、主要影响环境因子进行了分析。结果表明,两个航次共在舟山海域采集到大型底栖动物56种,其中多毛类动物28种,甲壳动物8种,软体动物7种,棘皮动物6种,刺胞动物3种、纽形动物2种,星虫动物和脊索动物各1种;两年平均丰度和生物量分别为36.32ind./m2和5.59g/m2,纽虫(Nemertea)是丰度的最大贡献者,而星虫爱氏海葵(Edwardsia sipunculoides)和棘刺锚参(Protankyra bidentata)则是生物量的最大贡献者;2020年大型底栖动物的总物种数、丰富度指数和多样性指数高于2019年,且两年舟山海域大型底栖动物的总物种数、丰富度指数和多样性指数均高于舟山邻近海域。与舟山海域大型底栖动物群落最相关的环境因子是水深、底层水盐度和硝态氮(NO3),这三个环境因子彼此相关性显著,随着盐度的增加,水深逐渐增加而硝酸氮含量则显著降低,群落物种数、丰度和丰富度则显著增加。通过对舟山附近海域大型底栖动物群落组成特点及其与环境因子的内在关联的研究,有望为东海近岸海域大型底栖动物群落的演替规律研究提供基础数据和科学依据。  相似文献   

8.
为评估滨海电厂温排水对浮游动物群落的影响,选取象山港国华电厂附近海域的10个站位,于2010、2011年春夏秋冬4个季节进行了环境因子调查及浮游动物采样。研究结果表明,国华电厂温排水提高了温度、盐度和电导率,降低了溶氧值;4个航次共计采集到浮游动物20种(含幼体),其中小拟哲水蚤、中华哲水蚤、腹针胸刺水蚤、太平洋纺锤水蚤、短尾类溞状幼体等种类为优势种;电厂附近水域浮游动物丰度季节分布为冬季春季夏季秋季,而种类数量为春季秋季冬季夏季;温排水的增温效应不改变浮游动物的季节分布格局,但不同月份的优势种因其发生改变;冬季温排水会提高浮游动物种丰度,但降低了多样性,而夏季温排水降低了浮游动物的种类、丰度及多样性,秋季丰度值达到最高丰度值达到最低;浮游动物的分布与电厂排水口分布有明显关系,并有"迁移"现象发生。  相似文献   

9.
根据2016年7月和2017年1月在黄海进行的57个站位的调查数据,研究了大型网采集的浮游动物的种类组成、丰度、生物量、群落聚类、优势种、多样性、均匀度、丰富度以及与环境因子的关系。本次调查共鉴定出浮游动物97种,其中夏季67种,冬季76种。该海区夏季浮游动物的丰度和生物量的高值区分布在黄海冷水团和长江口附近海域,冬季分布在黄海暖流主轴部分。根据各站位的地理位置和浮游动物相似程度,对黄海浮游动物Cluster聚类和MDS多维定标分析,将夏季划分为4个群落,将冬季划分为3个群落。共计有8个优势种类,夏季的优势种多为桡足类,冬季除中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)优势度占绝对优势外,其余优势种的优势度较为相近。将浮游动物的丰度、生物量和生物多样性指数和环境因子做相关性分析得出:温度、盐度是影响黄海浮游动物群落结构的主要影响因子。  相似文献   

10.
根据2015年夏(8月)、秋(10月)2季在诏安湾及毗邻海域开展的30个站浮游动物监测资料,研究了该海域浮游动物的种类组成、数量分布和多样性.结果显示:共鉴定浮游动物103种和浮游幼体24类,桡足类为绝对优势的类群.优势种有14种,锥形宽水蚤(Temora turbinata)、异体住囊虫(Oikopleura dioica)和强额孔雀水蚤(Parvocalanus crassirostris)是该海域重要的优势种群.生态类群以近岸暖水类群和外海广布类群为主.夏季浮游动物丰度平均为761个/m3,秋季为81个/m3;夏季浮游动物生物量平均为237mg/m3,秋季为52 mg/m3.夏季浮游动物种类数、丰度、生物量及变化幅度均明显高于秋季,夏季湾外浮游动物种类数、丰度、生物量及变化幅度均明显大于湾内,秋季湾外浮游动物种类数、丰度及变化幅度均明显大于湾内,夏、秋季浮游动物种类数和丰度总体分布均呈现由湾内往湾外逐渐增加趋势.夏季浮游动物多样性指数平均为2.46,秋季为3.14.与历史资料比较:本次调查海域浮游动物种类数和平均丰度均有较大幅度升高,但平均生物量有较大幅度下降.  相似文献   

11.
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance.  相似文献   

12.
Coastal inundation associated with extreme sea levels is the main factor which leads to the loss of life and property whenever a severe tropical cyclonic storm hits the Indian coasts. The Andhra and Orissa coasts are most vulnerable for coastal inundation due to extreme rise in sea levels associated with tropical cyclones. Loss of life may be minimized if extreme sea levels and associated coastal flooding is predicted well in advance. Keeping this in view, location specific coastal inundation models are developed and applied for the Andhra and Orissa coasts of India. Several numerical experiments are carried out using the data of past severe cyclones that struck these regions. The simulated inland inundation distances are found to be in general agreement with the reported flooding.  相似文献   

13.
Grain size and water content in box-core sediments from the Clarion-Clipperton fracture zone (C-C zone) in the northeast equatorial Pacific were analyzed in detail to understand the downcore variations across a hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Grain-size distributions in the topmost core sediments show two modes: a coarse mode (peaked at 50 μm) and a fine mode (at 2-25 μm). The coarse mode disappears gradually with depth accompanied by the dissolution of siliceous fossil tests, whereas the fine mode coarsens due to the formation of authigenic minerals. Water content increases abruptly across a color boundary between an upper pale brown layer and a lower dark brown layer that is the hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Abundant smectites and microvoid molds, which are created by the prolonged fossil dissolution in the underlying sediment, are attributed for the abrupt downcore variation of water content. Overall variations in grain size and water content in the topmost core sediments in the western C-C zone are possibly constrained by the dissolution of biogenic siliceous fossils. Variations in geotechnical properties related to these changes must be considered in the design of nodule collectors.  相似文献   

14.
This article concerns an interrelation between the sea levels and the western boundary flow near a tectonic boundary in a local zone in the Northwestern Pacific. In this zone, sea level variations at stations located on the coast facing the Pacific are studied to find the interrelation between variations of the Kurosio flow as an index of the distance of the flow axis off a specific coast. The result is discussed after data processing of the monthly means of the sea levels, and a notice is taken of variations caused by active crustal upheavals during a seismic event, a local earthquake.  相似文献   

15.
This study tests the hypothesis that the in situ void ratio of surficial marine sediments may be predicted from shear wave velocity-depth data with a reliability equal to that of other methods currently available. Shear wave velocity is fundamentally controlled by the number of grain-to-grain contacts per unit volume of material and by the effective stress across those contacts. In this study, three previously established empirical formulae are used to predict void ratio from velocity-depth data. Field data were acquired along a transect off the northern Californian coast across which water depth increased from 35 to 70 m and seafloor sediment type varied from sand to silty-sand, respectively. A towed seafloor sled device was used to collect shear wave refraction data, and a marked, systematic decrease in velocity was observed along the line, ranging from 35-70 m/s for the coarse, near-shore material to 25-40 m/s for the finer, offshore deposits. Void ratios predicted from these velocities were compared with data measured directly from box-core samples. Of the formulae used for prediction, two agree remarkably well with the control data. Both predicted and control values increase from 0.6-0.8 for the sandy material to 1.1-1.5 for the silty-sand. Thus, this study does not disprove the hypothesis set and demonstrates the potential of field shear wave velocity-depth data as a means of delineating spatial variation in void ratio for surficial marine sediments in a remote, nondestructive manner.  相似文献   

16.
Particulate samples were collected from the Changjiang river system during a flood period, in May 1997, and POC, stable isotope and lipids associated with particles were examined. Results showed the decrease (0.84% ～ 1.88%) of organic carbon content from the upper reaches to the estuary.δ13C values of particulate organic carbon was in the range of -24.9×10-3 to -26.6×10-3, which were close to the isotopic signature of continental C3 vegetation. Total particulate n-alkanes concentrations varied from 1.4 to 10.1μg/dm3,or from 23.7 to 107μg/g of total suspended matter. Fatty acids were present in all the samples, from 1.4 to 5.4μg/dm3, with saturated and unsaturated straight-chain and branched compounds in the carbon number range from C12 to C30. Both δ13C and the ratio of carbon content to nitrogen content indicate the predominance of terrestrial inputs (soil organic matter) among the particles. The biomarker approach has been used to identify the relative portion of terrigenous and autochthonous fraction in the particulate samples. The distribution of fatty acids suggests a striking phytoplanktonic and microbial signal in most particle samples. The terrestrial alkanes are used to estimate the contribution of terrestrial inputs along the mainstream.  相似文献   

17.
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm.  相似文献   

18.
Current trends of development of satellite derived bathymetry (SDB) models rely on applying calibration techniques including analytical approaches, neuro-fuzzy systems, regression optimization and others. In most of the cases, the SDB models are calibrated and verified for test sites, that provide favorable conditions for the remote derivation of bathymetry such as high water clarity, homogenous bottom type, low amount of sediment in the water and other factors. In this paper, a novel 3-dimensional geographical weighted regression (3GWR) SDB technique is presented, it binds together methods already presented in other studies, the geographically weighted local regression (GWR) model, with depth dependent inverse optimization. The proposed SDB model was calibrated and verified on a relatively difficult test site of the South Baltic near-shore areas with the use of multispectral observations acquired by a recently launched Sentinel-2 satellite observation system. By conducted experiments, it was shown that the proposed SDB model is capable of obtaining satisfactory results of RMSE ranging from 0.88 to 1.23[m] depending on the observation and can derive bathymetry for depths up to 12m. It was also shown, that the proposed approach may be used operationally, for instance, in the continuous assessment of temporal bathymetry changes, for areas important in the context of ensuring local maritime safety.  相似文献   

19.
As a part of the environmental impact assessment studies, geotechnical properties of sediments were determined in the Central Indian Basin. The undrained shear strength and index properties of the siliceous sediments were determined on 20 box cores of uniform dimension collected from various locations in five preselected sites. The maximum core length encountered was 41 cm and most of the sediments were siliceous oozes consisting of radiolarian or diatomaceous tests. The shear strength measurements revealed that surface sediments deposited in recent times (0-10 cm) have a shear strength of 0-1 kPa; this value increases with depth, reaching 10 kPa at 40 cm deep. Older sediments have greater strength because of compaction. Water content varies in the wide range of 312-577% and decreases with depth. The clay minerals such as smectite and illite are dominant and show some control over water content. Wet density, specific gravity, and porosity do not indicate any notable variation with depth, thereby indicating a uniform, slow rate of sedimentation. The average porosity of sediments is 90.2%, specific gravity 2.18, and wet bulk density 1.12 g/cm 3 . Sediments exhibit medium to high plasticity characteristics, with the average plasticity index varying between 105% and 136%. Preliminary studies on postdisturbance samples showed an increase in natural water content and a decrease in undrained shear strength of sediments in the top 10- to 15-cm layer.  相似文献   

20.
The rare earth element (REE) distribution in nine deep-sea ferromanganese nodules and their associated siliceous sediments from the Central Indian Ocean Basin (CIOB) have been studied to elucidate the REE relationship among them. Total REE concentration varies from 398-928 ppm in the nodules and 137-235 ppm in the associated sediments, suggesting two- to four-fold enrichment in the nodules compared to associated sediments. REE of nodules and their associated sediments show a positive correlation, suggesting REE are supplied from a common source such as seawater. The positive correlation between REE of nodules and sediments from the CIOB is contrary to the competitive scavenging of REE between nodules and sediment in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. REEs in the nodules are carried by Fe, P, and Ti, whereas in the sediment they are carried by P and Mn phases. A similar REE fractionation pattern with middle REE enrichment over heavy and light REE in both the nodules and their associated sediment suggest fractionation is independent of REE abundance and their carrier phases.  相似文献   

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