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1.
南麂列岛海洋自然保护区潮间带软体动物生态研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
本研究结果表明，共鉴定出软体动物１４３种，其中１８种为该区域首次记录。根据种类相似性指数，将其分成５个生态群落：即开敞岩礁群落，隐蔽岩礁群落，巨砾群落，泥滩群落，沙滩群落。文中对各群落的种类组成、数量分布、季节变化及多样性指数等作了分析；同时对影响软体动物生态分布的潮汐、波浪、底质类型和生物因子等作了探讨。 相似文献
2.
2012年对围海造地后的福宁湾特殊生境海区开展春季、夏季两季的生态调查,研究底栖生物群落生态现状。两航次调查共鉴定底栖动物57种,其中软体动物24种,多毛类19种,甲壳动物9种等。总栖息密度407.5个/m2,其中软体动物占有65.6％的明显优势;总生物量为338.44g/m2,其中软体动物占有98%的绝对优势。种类数、生物密度和生物量三项指标,均为春季显著高于夏季,堤内高于堤外;聚类分析表明,季节是影响群落时空变化的主要因子;堤内外群落的差异主要与沉积物类型密切相关。 相似文献
3.
海洋生态重要性区域的内涵与识别方法研究——以黄河口为例 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
海洋生态环境目前正在承受来自人类活动和气候变化的巨大压力;急需必要的管理工具或决策支持系统来应对这些压力所带来的生态环境问题。对海洋生境的分类识别是开展生物多样性保护的基础和前提;海洋生态重要区识别作为一种客观、科学和灵活的生境分类评估和选划方法;已被科学界和管理者广泛接受和认可。本文首先介绍了海洋生态重要区的概念内涵以及识别方法的研究进展;给出了海洋生态重要区的定义;之后以黄河口为例;初步建立了针对该区域的生态重要区识别标准和评价方法;对黄河口及邻近海区进行了生态重要性等级划分。本文是对生态重要区识别方法在我国近海的首次应用尝试;研究结果可为我国基于生态系统的海洋管理提供科学方法和工具;也可为其他区域的研究提供借鉴。 相似文献
4.
Ecology of macrobenthos in the south of Zhejiang coastal waters 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解浙江南部近岸海域海洋生态环境质量的现状及其变化趋势,2009年4月对浙江南部近岸海域的12个站位进行了大型底栖生物的分类、组成、丰度、生物量以及多样性的研究．应用Bray—Curtis相似性系数聚类和多维尺度排序,对浙江南部近岸海域的大型底栖生物进行群落划分;采用丰度生物量比较法分析群落的稳定性;并研究了对大型底栖生物产生影响的主要环境因子．本次调查共鉴定大型底栖生物109种,多毛类、软体动物和甲壳动物构成主要类群．平均生物量为23．38g／m^2,平均丰度为335．5ind／m^2,平均生物多样性指数为2．69．数量组成：生物量以软体动物居首（13．29g／m^2）,鱼类次之（3．68g／m^2）;丰度以多毛类居首（268．0ind／m^2）,软体动物次之（51．7ind／m^2）．浙江南部近岸海域可划分为3个群落．与环境因子进行相关性分析表明,有机污染含量、深度、溶解氧含量、盐度和悬浮物含量是对浙江南部近岸海域大型底栖生物产生影响的主要环境因子．总体上,除了瓯江口和乐清湾海域受到一定扰动,浙江南部近岸海域大型底栖生物环境质量较好,群落结构较为稳定． 相似文献
5.
舟山朱家尖岛潮间带软体动物的群落生态：Ⅰ.岩相生态学的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
五十年代中期吴宝华曾对舟山群岛的双壳类软体动物作过报道,其中提到有数种分布于朱家尖岛潮间带;八十年代初蔡如星等在进行全省海岸带生物调查过程中就该岛潮间带动物做过定点观察。但是对该岛潮间带软体动物的生态学研究尚未见专题报告。随着朱家尖旅游胜地的开发和对外开放,搞清该岛生物分布及其资源状况,进行合理地规划和利用就显得十分紧迫;在动物区系划分上,该岛正处在北太平洋区的远东亚区和印度西太平洋区的中国—日本亚区的过渡带上,了解该岛的生物组成和群落结构在区系区划上也具有一定意义。为此我们于1986年2月到1987年1月对该岛潮间带的软体动物进行了逐月连续采集,获得了丰富的生态学资料。现就该岛潮间带岩相软体动物的群落组成、垂直分布以及数量的季节变化提出报告,以供水产和环保部门参考。 相似文献
6.
舟山朱家尖岛潮间带软体动物生态初步调查 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文共报道软体动物88种,隶属5纲49科。潮间带软体动物按栖息底质分为三个类型:1.岩礁相:高潮带生物组成为粒屋顶螺群落和短滨螺—粒屋顶螺群落;中潮带为单齿螺—条纹隔贻贝群落、疣荔枝螺—青蚶—单齿螺群落和锈凹螺—疣荔枝螺群落;低潮带为锈凹螺—复瓦小蛇螺群落。2.泥相为珠带拟蟹守螺—婆罗囊螺群落。3.砂相:高潮带与中潮带上层未发现有软体动物分布,中、低潮带的较高潮区为紫藤斧蛤群落,较低潮区为等边浅蛤群落。 潮间带贝类生物量的季节变化规律如下:岩礁相依春、冬、秋、夏递减,泥相依夏、秋、冬、春递减,砂相依冬、秋、夏、春递减。 此外,本文还与中国沿海生物调查作了比较,其生物量与栖息密度的变化规律极为相似。 相似文献
7.
鱼山列岛潮间带软体动物生态的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
关于浙江沿海潮间带软体动物生态的研究,仅有少数学者在研究潮间带生物生态报告中涉及,尚无专题研究。作者于1982年2—6月和1983年1—10月对鱼山列岛潮间带软体动物进行了较系统的调查研究,其中区系研究和裸鳃类的记录已发表。本文仅就生态学部分作一初步报道,目的在于为浙江沿海潮间带生态学研究、环境保护和水产资源开发利用提供一些基础资料。 相似文献
8.
国际海洋浮游动物研究进展 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
综述了国际上有关海洋浮游动物种群、群落结构、多样性及浮游动物对全球气候变化响应等方面研究进展。海洋浮游动物种类繁多, 数量丰富, 分布广泛, 是海洋生态系统中最重要的生物类群。在海洋食物网中, 浮游动物通过摄食浮游植物控制初级生产力, 同时, 又被更高营养阶层的动物(鱼、虾、鲸、海鸟等)捕食, 充当次级生产者的角色, 其群落结构、种群动态和物种多样性影响鱼类和其他海洋动物资源量, 浮游动物是海洋食物网中关键环节。海洋生态系统动力学过程的关键环节是浮游生物的生物学和生态学过程, 多项国际研究计划以生物多样性和年际变化趋势为研究重点并联系全球变化及响应, 因此, 浮游动物的研究已成为海洋生态研究的核心内容之一。国际上对浮游动物的研究主要集中在以下6个方向:(1)浮游动物生境、种群的分布和扩散动力学研究;(2)浮游动物的群落结构和多样性;(3)浮游动物的实验生态和现场受控生态研究;(4)浮游动物对全球气候变化的响应;(5)深海、南北极、低氧区等极端生境的浮游动物生态学研究;(6)浮游动物研究新技术和方法。 相似文献
9.
西沙群岛龙介虫科两新种 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
龙介虫科Serpulidae的盘管虫Hydroides栖于石灰质管内,又名石灰虫,营附着生活，是有害附着生物之一。它们大量附着在船底,影响航行速度;附着在软体动物的重要养殖种类(珍珠贝、鲍、牡蛎等)的贝売上面,影响贝类生长,危害贝类养殖事业。因此,进行龙介虫科分类,生态的研究,可为有害生物的防除工作提供基本资料。
1956年和1975年,中国科学院海洋研究所在我国西沙群岛考察时,在永兴岛和珊瑚岛采到龙介虫科,盘管虫属两个新种,描述如下： 相似文献
10.
11.
《Marine Policy》2015
This paper details Australian research that developed tools to assist fisheries managers and government agencies in engaging with the social dimension of industry and community welfare in fisheries management. These tools are in the form of objectives and indicators. These highlight the social dimensions and the effects of management plans and policy implementation on fishing industries and associated communities, while also taking into account the primacy of ecological imperatives. The deployment of these objectives and indicators initially provides a benchmark and, over the life of a management plan, can subsequently be used to identify trends in effects on a variety of social and economic elements that may be objectives in the management of a fishery. It is acknowledged that the degree to which factors can be monitored will be dependent upon resources of management agencies, however these frameworks provide a method for effectively monitoring and measuring change in the social dimension of fisheries management.Essentially, the work discussed in this paper provides fisheries management with the means to both track and begin to understand the effects of government policy and management plans on the social dimension of the fishing industry and its associated communities. Such tools allow the consideration of these elements, within an evidence base, into policy arrangements, and consequently provide an invaluable contribution to the ability to address resilience and sustainability of fishing industries and associated communities. 相似文献
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13.
舟山及南麂海域蔓足类的生态及生物学研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本课题为１９８９～１９９１年国家自然科学基金、浙江省自然科学基金资助项目及浙江省教委研究项目。本文是对舟山及南麂海域蔓足类研究的总结。生态学研究包括：种类组成与区系性质，生态分布，种群生态和群落生态，形态、结构与环境以及行为生态；生物学研究包括：繁殖、附着与生长，雄性生殖腺的组织学、组织化学和亚显微结构以及藤壶的食性。 相似文献
14.
This paper seeks to address the missing dimension of the place of Maritime communities in Canadian Integrated Coastal Management (ICM). This work is part of a larger network of projects on ICM through the participatory Coastal Community University Research Alliance. The implementation of ICM with full community involvement is a challenge, for example: communities are not unified or homogenous units, power varies among stakeholders, and silo constructs and turf wars discourage involvement of the wider public. In 2007, a survey of nine community-based organizations and associations and a First Nation community, located within the Annapolis Basin and surrounding areas of the Nova Scotia side of the Bay of Fundy was conducted. The purpose of the survey was to better understand how the concept of ICM is conceptualized and acted upon by local communities and to draw upon this to enrich ICM theory.Approximately 30 projects representing community-based ICM initiatives over the last 10 years were identified, including: capacity building, habitat and stock enhancement/ management programs and responses to new policies or legislative interventions. Several enabling and constraining factors for community involvement in ICM were identified. One key finding is a major difference between community and government approaches. Government ICM initiatives have captured some aspects of the environmental and economic management issues, but have generally failed to consider cultural and social components. They have also failed to take into account the interconnections within and between human and ecological systems. Community members report that government is more interested in forming partnerships with the corporate sector than with the people who rely on local resources. From the community perspective, dealing with the resulting power imbalances must involve revisiting the “core values” that underpin regulation and resource exploitation.This study demonstrates that communities are usually the “first responders"” for many ecological problems, and there is a willingness to take responsibility for the management of resources. ICM is already embedded in on-going community projects, networks and forums. These initiatives promote the principles identified in Canada's Oceans Act and Oceans Strategy, but the relevant government agencies have provided little support to them. ICM has the potential to bring together many issues that can be addressed by the multi-stakeholder process, but this needs to be facilitated by on-going government collaborations, contributions and recognition. 相似文献
15.
《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(2):163-180
Research in South African temporarily open/closed estuaries that includes studies on the hydrodynamics, sediment dynamics, macronutrients, microalgae, macrophytes, zoobenthos, hyperbenthos, zooplankton, ichthyoplankton, fishes and birds is used as a basis to review the ecology and management of this estuary type on the subcontinent. Particular attention is given to the responses of the different ecosystem components to the opening and closing of the estuary mouth and how this is driven by riverine and marine events, as well as anthropogenic influences. In addition, the wider implications of these research findings for the management of temporarily open/closed estuaries in terms of freshwater supply are explored, together with the role of government legislation in maintaining the ecological integrity of these important wetland systems. 相似文献
16.
《Marine Policy》1998,22(3):255-267
Indonesia is the largest archipelago in the world. The 3.1 million km2 seas cover about two-thirds of its territory. The 200 miles exclusive economic zone adds another 2.7 million km2. Marine related programmes are given a high priority by the Indonesian government. During the last two decades a concerted effort in marine capacity building has been carried out through bilateral, regional and international co-operation. This effort included, among others, increasing manpower development, expanding and improving research facilities, establishing a national marine data centre, and improving communications and co-operation throughout the marine science community. The bilateral agreement with the Netherlands in the mid-1980s for the implementation of the Snellius II Programme, laid the intellectual basis for the Indonesian marine science capability. The necessary research vessels were obtained through bilateral co-operation with France. At present Indonesia operates: a network of tide gauges and current meter stations; two satellite ground stations; tropical radar wind profiling stations; a network of marine pollution stations; a number of ocean going, coastal and fisheries research vessels; and six SEAWATCH monitoring buoys. It is expected that Indonesia will play a major role in the western Pacific region in the near future. This paper gives a brief review of the Indonesian experience in developing a national marine capability. 相似文献
17.
基于逐年30 m分辨率的岸滩遥感监测数据集(1986—2017年),开展舟山群岛不同主体功能海岛岸滩的时空演化特征分析。结果表明,在1986—2017年期间,受剧烈围填海活动的影响,舟山群岛的大量水域(152 km2)和潮滩(18 km2)被围填成陆地,岸滩不断向海推进,政策是岸滩总体变化的主要驱动因素。不同海岛主体功能类型的岸滩变化特征差异显著：(1)综合利用岛、临港工业岛、港口物流岛、滨海旅游岛的围填海占研究区围填海总量的96%;(2)海洋科教岛和现代渔业岛的岸滩变化幅度较小,占研究区围填海总量的4%;(3)海洋生态岛和清洁能源岛的岸滩资源保育良好,稳定不变。 相似文献
18.
Quantitative trends in sponge ecology research 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Mikel A. Becerro 《Marine Ecology》2008,29(2):167-177
Abstract It is almost dogmatic that sponges are one of the most relevant groups in benthic marine communities, a statement generally based upon their diversity and abundance in natural communities. But beyond their conspicuousness, do we really know the role that sponges play in nature? Using a series of productivity indicators, this review evaluates the relevance of sponge research to the general scientific community, particularly the contribution of sponge ecology to the broader science of ecology. The relevance of sponge research ranked second out of eight taxonomic groups. Ecology accounted for most of the sponge research output but it ranked poorly compared to the relative importance of the ecological literature in the remaining taxonomic groups. Sponge ecology focused primarily on the species level of organization even though the relevance of these studies fell well below expected. This review suggests that the ecological relevance of sponges is insufficiently supported by ecological data and would benefit from better scientific support. Sponge ecology has the opportunity to contribute to the broader science of ecology in numerous topics where sponge research may be particularly relevant. Broader ecological contributions will help verify the ecological relevance that the great diversity and abundance of sponges suggest. 相似文献
19.
红树林区底栖动物污染生态学研究进展 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
综述了底栖动物污染生态学研究的现状。目前有关底栖动物的污染生态学研究主要有以下几个方面：（1）污染物在底栖动物体中含量测定及一些污染物在底栖动物中累积分布的研究。（2）污染物对底栖动物生理特性影响的研究。（3）污染物如城市污水对底栖动物群落的影响研究。（4）底栖动物在水质和底质污染中的监测应用。分别综合和评述了红树林底栖动物污染生态学在重金属、城市污水和有机物污染对红树林区底栖动物的生态效应等方面的研究现状。提出今后红树林区底栖动物污染生态学的研究，应着重生态毒理学和实验生态学的研究。 相似文献
20.
Lisa M. Campbell Jennifer J. Silver Noella J. Gray Sue Ranger Annette Broderick Tatum Fisher Matthew H. Godfrey Shannon Gore John Jeffers Corrine Martin Andrew McGowan Peter Richardson Carlos Sasso Lorna Slade Brendan Godley 《Marine Policy》2009
Co-management between local communities and government agencies is promoted as a strategy to improve fisheries management. This paper considers the potential for co-management of sea turtle fisheries within four UK Overseas Territories (OTs) in the Caribbean, and for co-ordinated management among those territories. We focus on fisher incentives for engaging in co-management and on the potential to scale up co-management to a regional level. This paper presents data from Anguilla, British Virgin Islands, Montserrat, and Turks and Caicos Islands, where 110 turtle fishers participated in a socio-economic survey undertaken as part of the ‘Turtles in the UK Overseas Territories in the Caribbean’ project. Based on three established criteria for co-management (perceived crisis in stock, willingness to participate and community cohesion), results suggest that fisher support for co-management exists within each OT, but the extent of support for and views of specific management interventions varies among OTs. The implications of results for co-management in each territory, and for establishing co-ordinated management regimes in the region, are discussed in the context of current debates about the nature of resources and scalar (mis)matches between resource and management regimes. 相似文献