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1.
通过对雷达波春季在海面上发生超折射现象的分析,发现在一定时间内由海面上吹来的空气是干而暖的,此时海洋不但没有供给陆地水汽,反而减弱了陆上的降水。  相似文献   

2.
强热带风暴“莲花”(0903)非对称降水结构分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用雷达回波和NCEP分析资料,本文从水汽条件、环境风垂直切变和风暴移动状态等方面诊断分析了0903号强热带风暴"莲花"非对称降水结构形成的可能机制。结果表明:"莲花"南侧充足的水汽输送为强降水的发生提供了基本的水汽条件,同时水汽通量在水平空间上的非对称分布也在一定程度上导致了降水的非对称分布。环境风垂直切变是导致"莲花"降水结构改变并最终形成一波非对称降水结构的主要动力因子。随着垂直切变的增强,同时配合风暴南侧充足的水汽条件,一波非对称降水结构逐渐形成,在较强垂直切变长时间的作用下,强降水最终集中于顺切变方向左侧。在较强垂直切变的作用下,逆切变一侧的下沉运动抑制了陆地摩擦和地形抬升所形成的对流的发展。相对于较强的垂直切变而言,"莲花"相对稳定的移速和移向条件难以主导强热带风暴降水的空间分布。  相似文献   

3.
本文根据C.A.等(1963。1965)提出的海洋上层温度结构特征的无因次普遍函数,利用1957~1964年暖半年渤海、黄海、东海159个站次连续站的资料和作者(1983)提出的海面热量平衡的简易计算公式计算海面的热量收支,建立了海洋上均匀层厚度、温跃层强度和跃层下界深度的半经验半理论模式。该模式反映了形成海洋上层温度结构特征的主要因子及其作用,同时避开了一般理论模式中的起算点和目前难以获得的物理海洋学参数,而可以直接利用表面水温、气温和风速进行海洋上层温度特征的计算。  相似文献   

4.
采用中尺度海-气耦合模式MCM v1.0对南海强热带气旋“黄蜂”(No.0214)进行了数值模拟试验,并就热带气旋-海洋的相互作用对热带气旋的影响进行了定量分析。结果表明,耦合试验中热带气旋后期路径有显著改善,36h和48h路径误差分别减小22km和110km,登陆点位置误差减小22km;气旋强度与非耦合结果基本一致,36—48h气旋强度减弱得更快;热带气旋中心大风区地面风速增大1—3m.s-1,眼区附近风速减小2—5m.s-1;近地层(取925hPa)气温降低1℃以上,且气温降温区与较大的SST下降区域大致吻合;改进了热带气旋暴雨的落区及降水强度,且主要落区误差的修正位于热带气旋移动路径的右侧并同主要的SST降温区相关;热带气旋-海洋相互作用通过SST下降减少向上的热通量,潜热通量的减少对SST的下降更敏感。  相似文献   

5.
本文根据等(1963,1965)提出的海洋上层温度结构特征的无因次普遍函数,利用1957—1964年暖半年渤、黄、东海159个站次连续站的资料和作者(1983)提出的海面热量平衡的简易计算公式计算海面的热量收支,建立了海洋上均匀层厚度、温跃层强度和跃层下界深度的半经验半理论模式。该模式反映了形成海洋上层温度结构特征的主要因子及其作用,同时避开了一般理论模式中的起算点和目前难以获得的物理海洋学参数,而可以直接利用表面水温、气温和风速进行海洋上层温度特征的计算。  相似文献   

6.
气旋在黑潮海域的异常发展早已为许多作者所注意。目前从统计学和动力学方法也已证实,东海气旋的异常发展与黑潮海域充沛的热量供应有关。有的作者试图从海面能量供应的角度论证上述事实,如Ninomiyo曾以半经验的方法计算黑潮海域气旋式波动的有效位能的转换。但对气旋的发生发展而言,更重要的是扰动有效位能的生成及其转换。然而迄今未见有关于黑潮对气旋扰动能量关系的详细计算和讨论。本文在计算了黑潮上空气旋区海面和高空微尺度的热涡动输送值后,着重讨论了海洋热源引起的气旋区扰动有效位能的产生及其转换。作为对照,也计算了气旋在陆地和移出黑潮区以后的扰动能量平衡。我们试图从所得结果分析气旋在陆地、海洋和黑潮  相似文献   

7.
利用中尺度自动站加密资料、雷达和卫星资料以及NCEP全球分析资料,诊断分析1818号台风"温比亚"登陆前后大暴雨特征及其成因。结果表明:(1)台风登陆前后,降水具有时间集中、局地性强、雨强大等中尺度降水特征,强降水集中在距台风中心100 km以内的台风前进方向的左前部和后部,主要由两个移动性雨团和1个相对少动雨团产生,距台风中心25~50 km的降水量中心小时降水量普遍较大;(2)杭州湾区域地面辐合一方面加强了低空水汽辐合,另一方面促进了上升运动的发展和维持,使得中尺度对流雨团在宁波东北部至舟山一带发展加强,同时引导气流偏弱和地形作用导致台风在舟山附近移速减慢,延长了影响时间,造成了杭州湾附近区域的大暴雨;(3)地面辐合的增强和减弱对应于其后1 h降水的增大和减小;水汽通量散度的减小、增大与降水的增大、减小有较好的对应关系,水汽通量散度在-16×10~(-5)g/(cm~2·hPa·s)以下的时段降水较强;垂直螺旋度大值中心所对应区域未来6 h有强降水,垂直螺旋度的减小对应于该区域其后6 h降水的减弱。  相似文献   

8.
对2013年11月一次黄海入海气旋的爆发性发展过程进行了诊断分析,结果显示:此次气旋入海发展过程中始终位于500 h Pa高空槽前,槽前正涡度平流和强烈暖平流是气旋爆发性发展的主要原因。对流层高层有明显正位涡下传至低层,引起地面气旋性涡度发展,对气旋爆发性发展有重要作用;气旋发展过程中始终位于高空急流出口区左侧,高空辐散、低空辐合以及强上升运动提供了气旋发展的动力条件;除了低空急流输送,海洋和大气之间耦合作用为气旋爆发性发展提供了必要的热量输送。  相似文献   

9.
对舟山海域一次猛烈的低压大风过程进行了诊断分析。结果表明:地面气旋的强烈发展是由于其与高空疏散槽前的正涡度平流中心、辐散中心和暖平流中心在垂直方向紧密耦合的结果,高空急流的活动和加强进一步促进了地面气旋的发展,地面气旋发生发展在青藏高原上空西北急流出口区的左侧和日本海上空西南急流入口区的右侧。地面气旋的发展和冷空气共同作用造成的强气压梯度是引起海上强风的主要原因;高空西南急流轴附近激发出的次级环流下沉支中往南的非地转风,加大了地面风速;对流层中下层垂直环流由上升运动转为一致的下沉运动,引起动量下传进一步加大了地面风速。  相似文献   

10.
利用星载激光雷达资料等多种卫星遥感数据,结合大气再分析资料等,对2008年12月4—6日发生在山东半岛北部的一次海效应暴雪云团降雪过程进行了分析。结果表明:(1)暴雪云团发生在东北冷涡西南部对流层中低层强西北冷平流、地面气压场气旋式弯曲的天气背景下。(2)受冷平流作用,对流层中下层降温明显,导致渤海低层大气不稳定度增加,海面风场辐合产生上升运动,并将大量的水汽和热量输送至低层大气,这有利于浅对流的加强,并进一步促进降雪云团的形成。(3)降雪云团虽然为浅对流云,但云系冷中心较强;云团发展旺盛时期的云内平均降雪率为0.41mm/h,且降雪率的大值区表现为强弱相间的条状分布。(4)云团的射出长波辐射通量不仅与云团温度有关,还与云内冰水含量有关,冰水含量越高,射出长波辐射通量越低;在研究云对辐射的影响时,没有降水(雪)的云系和有降水(雪)的云系应该分别考虑,降水(雪)弱的云系和降水(雪)强的云系也应该分别考虑。  相似文献   

11.
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance.  相似文献   

12.
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm.  相似文献   

13.
海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明:土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。  相似文献   

14.
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths.  相似文献   

15.
Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations.  相似文献   

16.
《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(8):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology,  相似文献   

17.
18.
This article presents a methodology developed to evaluate the instability of submarine slopes that extend over a large area. Special attention was paid to (1) the complex geometry (bathymetry) and the expanse of the slope, (2) the heterogeneity of the sediment, and (3) the distribution of the pore pressure. The safety factor was considered as a spatially varying quantity. The General Formulation (GLE, Fredlund and Krahn 1977), which fully satisfies equilibrium conditions, was used for evaluating the stability of the marine slope. The submarine slope failure, which occurred on 16 October 1979 during the construction of the new Nice airport, was studied in order to test the developed model. Geotechnical parameters were taken from experimental tests carried out by IFREMER on 19 cores extracted at different depths (from 27 m to 1300 m) (Cochonat, Bourillet, and Savoye, 1993; Mulder et al., 1994). Many scenarios were proposed in order to explain the cause of the Nice slope failure (Habib, 1994). In this article, two of those scenarios were tested. Simulation results are presented and discussed.  相似文献   

19.
20.
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone.  相似文献   

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