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1.
东、黄海海表面温度季节内变化特征的EOF分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
基于1998—2004年的TRMM/TMI卫星遥感海面温度(SST)数据,在初步分析东、黄海SST的季节分布特征的基础上,采用EOF方法分析了SST的季节内变化特征,进而对SST季节内变化的可能机制进行了探讨。EOF分析获得的前4个模态的累积方差贡献率为57.07%,其结果基本反映了东、黄海SST变化的主要物理过程。其中,EOF的第一模态的方差贡献率占30.17%,其空间模态揭示了以东海北部为中心的、整个海域SST变化趋于一致的特征,这一模态的显著变化周期为6.3周;第二模态的方差贡献率占14.36%,其空间模态呈现东南海域与西北海域SST的反相变化趋势,显著变化周期为8.7周和10.6周;第三模态的方差贡献率占7.02%,其空间SST变率最大的区域位于黄海海域,显著变化周期为6.8,8.7,10.2周等;第四模态的方差贡献率占5.52%,其空间SST变率最大的区域位于东、黄海近海,显著变化周期为6.8周。东、黄海SST季节内变化与此海区大气中的季节内振荡是紧密相关的。 相似文献
2.
东、黄海SST与850hPa气温季节变化关系的SVD分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用1998~2004年的热带降雨测量卫星的卫星遥感海表面温度(SST)数据以及美国NO-AA/NCEP再分析产品的850 hPa气温数据,采用EOF分析方法,分析了850 hPa气温的季节内变化特征,运用奇异值分解(SVD)分析方法对东、黄海SST与850 hPa气温季节内变化的相关关系进行了分析。对850 hPa气温季节内变化的EOF分析结果表明,EOF分析获得的前4个模态的累积方差贡献率为86.51%,其中EOF的第一模态的方差贡献率占44.49%,其空间模态呈现出明显的东南海域为正值、西北海域为负值的反相分布特征,这一模态的显著变化周期为6.6周(约46 d)和2.8周(约19 d)。SVD分析结果表明,第一对模态的协方差解释率为83.6%,基本上能体现出SST温度场与850 hPa气温场季节变化的特征,其空间分布型表明,东海北部以及黄海近岸等海区SST季节变化与30°N以南的东海海区850 hPa气温的季节振荡存在显著的正相关关系,SVD第一对模态空间分布型时间系数之间的相关系数达到0.29。 相似文献
3.
利用中国气象局整编的1949~2003年的热带气旋资料和美国国家环境预报中心的海表温度(SST)最优插值资料,应用EOF分解和概率分析等方法,分析了黄海、渤海登陆热带气旋个例所处环境场中的海温的空间和时间分布规律,计算得到该类热带气旋在黄海、渤海区达到最大可能强度(MPI)的概率分布。结果显示,在黄海、渤海海区的较强的(>1℃)SST正距平中心和渤海北部海域的SST正距平区是黄海、渤海登陆TC出现北行路径必要条件。所有TC个例过程发生之前均有一个黄海、渤海关键区SST距平上升过程,只有30%的TC达到MPI一半,只有1%的TC可能达到MPI的4/5。 相似文献
4.
东亚冬季气温的年际变化特征及其与海温和海冰异常的关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过谐波分析的方法,对东亚31个冬季(1980—2010年)的气温提取年际变化分量(周期小于8a部分)进行EOF分析。结果发现:在年际变化的时间尺度上,东亚冬季气温表现为高纬模态和低纬模态2个主要模态,它们一起可以解释总方差73%的变化。进一步分析表明,在年际变化尺度上,与气温变化的高纬模态相联系的大气环流表现为显著的北极涛动(AO)负位相分布,海平面气压场上西伯利亚高压和阿留申低压北移,对流层中层东亚大槽西移,高层西风急流向西北方向移动;副热带北太平洋和阿拉斯加湾的海表面温度(SST)变化呈偶极子振荡分布,这种准两年的周期振荡对这一模态的出现有一定的预示意义。而与气温变化的低纬模态相联系的大气环流表现为类AO正位相分布,与之相关的西伯利亚高压和阿留申低压南移,对流层中层东亚大槽东移,高层的西风急流则是向东南方向移动;赤道东太平洋的SST异常可能对这一模态的形成有一定的作用,而东亚近海的SST则更多是被动地改变。此外,海冰异常变化与东亚冬季气温变化的联系主要体现在:在前夏和前秋,东西伯利亚海-波弗特海海冰异常减少(增加)对应着随后东亚冬季气温变化的高纬模态(低纬模态),而冬季东亚气温变化的高纬模态(低纬模态)又与后期春季北极东半球的海冰异常增加(减少)具有较好的相关性,此外白令海和鄂霍次克海的海冰异常变化是伴随东亚冬季气温变化产生的。 相似文献
5.
对1982—2015年间过境琼东上升流区的台风及其引起的海表温度(SST)变化进行统计分析,并探究SST变化的影响因素和热量输送机制。结果显示,与开阔大洋显著不同,琼东上升流区SST变化存在降温、基本不变和升温三种类型。在42例台风中,3种类型分别为19例、20例和3例。平均升温(2.1℃)大于平均降温(-1.5℃)。SST变化与台风参量相关性分析显示,与台风过境时长相比,台风强度和台风入射角度对SST变化幅度影响更大。台风在外海引起的非线性海面孤立波向近岸的热输送可能是SST升温的重要机制,观测的SST上升与台风入射角度的关系与理论结果吻合。台风过境琼东上升流区引起的SST变化特征取决于台风局地热输送和外海热输送的相对大小。 相似文献
6.
东海陆架表层水温年际变化时空特征分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
结合东海沿岸嵊山(北)和厦门(南)站1960—2001年海表温度(SST)监测数据与东中国海1982—2011年AVHRR水温资料,讨论了台站监测的空间代表范围,分析了东海陆架SST年际变化的时空特征。结果表明,嵊山和厦门站SST变化分别代表内陆架和台湾海峡。东海陆架52年来SST总体呈升温趋势,冬季最为显著;内陆架的升幅远大于台湾海峡。内陆架水温冬季分别在1977年和1995年发生两次跃升,共升温2.34℃;春、夏、秋季均在1994年发生冷暖转折,分别升高1.19℃、1.43℃和1.16℃。台湾海峡水温冬季在1989年跃升0.91℃,夏季在1987年跃升0.38℃,春、秋季则在1996—1997年间分别升温0.80℃和0.58℃。全年水温变化最大处在长江口附近内陆架海区,可能的主导因素是低盐水与外海水混合:随季风、降水、径流变化的沿岸流、长江冲淡水和台湾暖流给该区域带来不同水团,使得热量向下层输运减少,从而导致东海内陆架升温快于其它海区。 相似文献
7.
基于1976~1999年的海洋调查资料,主要研究了北黄海冷水团温、盐的多年变化特征,并结合该时间区间内黄河径流量及海洋站的气温、风速等资料探讨影响北黄海冷水团温、盐变化的因素.结果表明,北黄海冷水团在这24 a间温度稍呈上升趋势(0.005℃/a),盐度升降趋势则不明显.其温度主要受冬季气温影响,黑潮现象会使温度变异.盐度主要受黄海暖流、渤海热通量、海域冬季大风的共同作用;黄河径流量可能不是影响北黄海冷水团盐度变化的主要因素,但其径流量的大幅度变化也会影响北黄海冷水团的盐度变化趋势. 相似文献
8.
《海洋学研究》2017,(1)
海表冷暖水舌被广泛应用于定性描述海表水温(SST)的空间分布特征,但缺少定量的表述和研究。本文以海表冷暖水舌轴线的空间位置和温度为指标,用2006—2014年逐年冬季(2月)的遥感SST数据,分析了渤海、黄海和东海冬季的冷暖水舌的空间分布和年际变化,并探讨了其形成机理。结果表明,渤海、黄海和东海冬季存在2条冷水舌和6条暖水舌。水舌位置的EOF前三个模态(73.4%)基本解释了其年际变化,其中空间第一模态呈同相分布,在东海中部及西部的变动幅度最大;空间第二和第三模态主要呈反相分布,分别在九州岛南部及黄海区域变动幅度较大。水舌温度的EOF第一模态(69.6%)呈空间同相分布,变动幅度在渤、黄海较大,在东海南部较小。水舌位置和水舌温度都存在准2~3a周期的年际变化,但只有水舌位置EOF第二模态通过95%水平的显著性检验。海表相对较均匀的负净热通量(海洋向大气输送热量),使得浅水区SST比深水区下降得快,水深(上混合层深度)是冷暖水舌形成的原因之一;平流热输送的空间差异显著且在冷暖水舌区域中的作用最大,在冷舌区域起到降温作用,在暖舌区域起到增温作用,平流热输送是冷暖水舌形成的主要原因。 相似文献
9.
根据北黄海断面1976~2015年历年8月温度、盐度与长岛气候要素资料,采用旋转经验正交函数(REOF)、最大熵谱分析和延迟相关分析等方法,研究了北黄海断面夏季温度、盐度年际变化时空模态与气候响应.断面温度主要有4种时空模态:第一、二模态为海洋因素影响的年际变化分量,渤海断面夏季温度分量和7月太平洋年代际振荡(PDO)指数的线性与非线性作用是主要影响因素.第三、四模态为海洋与大气因素影响的年际变化分量,渤海断面夏季温度分量、断面冬季表层平均温度、7月风驱环流强度和5月PDO指数的线性和非线性作用是主要影响因素.断面盐度主要有4种时空模态:第一模态为海洋与大气因素影响的年际变化分量,渤海夏季盐度、夏季降水量及断面冬季表层盐度是主要影响因素;8月纬向风驱环流是次要影响因素.第二至四模态为大气因素影响的年际变化分量,7、8月风驱环流强度和夏季降水量是主要影响因素.北黄海夏季风驱环流分布是北黄海断面夏季温盐年际平均分布的主要影响因素.断面温盐垂直层结年际变化为准平衡态周期年际变化.北黄海断面冷水团月平均温度和面积为准平衡态周期年际变化,断面温度第三模态、断面冬季表层平均温度是断面冷水团月强度年际变化的主要影响因素,7月PDO指数是非线性影响因素.北黄海断面冷水团月平均盐度为显著线性低盐趋势周期年际变化,断面盐度的第一至三模态以及渤海断面夏季盐度分量的线性和非线性作用是冷水团月平均盐度年际变化的主要影响因素.北黄海断面夏季冷水团中平均温度、盐度的长期变化趋势是不同的,不存在长期稳定的比例关系. 相似文献
10.
渤黄海海平面的变化及其与ENSO的关系 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用1992年12月至2007年5月的高度计资料,研究了渤黄海海平面的变化特征。统计分析表明,近14a间渤海及北黄海、中央黄海海平面的平均上升高度分别为45.9mm和34.7mm,各海域的海平面上升速度不完全相同。研究发现,南方涛动指数(SOI)、纬向风应力距平都与渤海及北黄海、中央黄海的SLA呈负相关性,渤黄海海平面显著受SOI、纬向风应力调制,并且,SOI与渤黄海海域的风场之间有良好相关。将坐标系进行旋转后,获得与当地海平面异常相关最大的风应力方向。对SLA与新坐标系下风应力距平u的低频分量分析发现,渤海及北黄海海区、中央黄海对海平面影响最大的风应力距平u方向分别为东偏南20°方向、东偏南8°方向,风应力距平u分量与SLA、SOI的低频分量呈现更好的相关性。ENSO通过大气环流过程对渤黄海海域的风场产生影响,当地风场通过纬向风应力对渤黄海海平面的年际变化产生调制作用。因此,ENSO可以通过风应力对渤黄海海平面产生影响。 相似文献
11.
Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
12.
Coastal inundation associated with extreme sea levels is the main factor which leads to the loss of life and property whenever a severe tropical cyclonic storm hits the Indian coasts. The Andhra and Orissa coasts are most vulnerable for coastal inundation due to extreme rise in sea levels associated with tropical cyclones. Loss of life may be minimized if extreme sea levels and associated coastal flooding is predicted well in advance. Keeping this in view, location specific coastal inundation models are developed and applied for the Andhra and Orissa coasts of India. Several numerical experiments are carried out using the data of past severe cyclones that struck these regions. The simulated inland inundation distances are found to be in general agreement with the reported flooding. 相似文献
13.
This study tests the hypothesis that the in situ void ratio of surficial marine sediments may be predicted from shear wave velocity-depth data with a reliability equal to that of other methods currently available. Shear wave velocity is fundamentally controlled by the number of grain-to-grain contacts per unit volume of material and by the effective stress across those contacts. In this study, three previously established empirical formulae are used to predict void ratio from velocity-depth data. Field data were acquired along a transect off the northern Californian coast across which water depth increased from 35 to 70 m and seafloor sediment type varied from sand to silty-sand, respectively. A towed seafloor sled device was used to collect shear wave refraction data, and a marked, systematic decrease in velocity was observed along the line, ranging from 35-70 m/s for the coarse, near-shore material to 25-40 m/s for the finer, offshore deposits. Void ratios predicted from these velocities were compared with data measured directly from box-core samples. Of the formulae used for prediction, two agree remarkably well with the control data. Both predicted and control values increase from 0.6-0.8 for the sandy material to 1.1-1.5 for the silty-sand. Thus, this study does not disprove the hypothesis set and demonstrates the potential of field shear wave velocity-depth data as a means of delineating spatial variation in void ratio for surficial marine sediments in a remote, nondestructive manner. 相似文献
14.
Hoi-Soo Jung Kap-Sik Jeong Yong-Shik Chu Sung-Hyun Park Ki-Hyune Kim 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(3):181-195
Grain size and water content in box-core sediments from the Clarion-Clipperton fracture zone (C-C zone) in the northeast equatorial Pacific were analyzed in detail to understand the downcore variations across a hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Grain-size distributions in the topmost core sediments show two modes: a coarse mode (peaked at 50 μm) and a fine mode (at 2-25 μm). The coarse mode disappears gradually with depth accompanied by the dissolution of siliceous fossil tests, whereas the fine mode coarsens due to the formation of authigenic minerals. Water content increases abruptly across a color boundary between an upper pale brown layer and a lower dark brown layer that is the hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Abundant smectites and microvoid molds, which are created by the prolonged fossil dissolution in the underlying sediment, are attributed for the abrupt downcore variation of water content. Overall variations in grain size and water content in the topmost core sediments in the western C-C zone are possibly constrained by the dissolution of biogenic siliceous fossils. Variations in geotechnical properties related to these changes must be considered in the design of nodule collectors. 相似文献
15.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2001,24(1):27-33
This article concerns an interrelation between the sea levels and the western boundary flow near a tectonic boundary in a local zone in the Northwestern Pacific. In this zone, sea level variations at stations located on the coast facing the Pacific are studied to find the interrelation between variations of the Kurosio flow as an index of the distance of the flow axis off a specific coast. The result is discussed after data processing of the monthly means of the sea levels, and a notice is taken of variations caused by active crustal upheavals during a seismic event, a local earthquake. 相似文献
16.
Particulate samples were collected from the Changjiang river system during a flood period, in May 1997, and POC, stable isotope and lipids associated with particles were examined. Results showed the decrease (0.84% ～ 1.88%) of organic carbon content from the upper reaches to the estuary.δ13C values of particulate organic carbon was in the range of -24.9×10-3 to -26.6×10-3, which were close to the isotopic signature of continental C3 vegetation. Total particulate n-alkanes concentrations varied from 1.4 to 10.1μg/dm3,or from 23.7 to 107μg/g of total suspended matter. Fatty acids were present in all the samples, from 1.4 to 5.4μg/dm3, with saturated and unsaturated straight-chain and branched compounds in the carbon number range from C12 to C30. Both δ13C and the ratio of carbon content to nitrogen content indicate the predominance of terrestrial inputs (soil organic matter) among the particles. The biomarker approach has been used to identify the relative portion of terrigenous and autochthonous fraction in the particulate samples. The distribution of fatty acids suggests a striking phytoplanktonic and microbial signal in most particle samples. The terrestrial alkanes are used to estimate the contribution of terrestrial inputs along the mainstream. 相似文献
17.
Andrzej Chybicki 《Marine Geodesy》2018,41(1):1-23
Current trends of development of satellite derived bathymetry (SDB) models rely on applying calibration techniques including analytical approaches, neuro-fuzzy systems, regression optimization and others. In most of the cases, the SDB models are calibrated and verified for test sites, that provide favorable conditions for the remote derivation of bathymetry such as high water clarity, homogenous bottom type, low amount of sediment in the water and other factors. In this paper, a novel 3-dimensional geographical weighted regression (3GWR) SDB technique is presented, it binds together methods already presented in other studies, the geographically weighted local regression (GWR) model, with depth dependent inverse optimization. The proposed SDB model was calibrated and verified on a relatively difficult test site of the South Baltic near-shore areas with the use of multispectral observations acquired by a recently launched Sentinel-2 satellite observation system. By conducted experiments, it was shown that the proposed SDB model is capable of obtaining satisfactory results of RMSE ranging from 0.88 to 1.23[m] depending on the observation and can derive bathymetry for depths up to 12m. It was also shown, that the proposed approach may be used operationally, for instance, in the continuous assessment of temporal bathymetry changes, for areas important in the context of ensuring local maritime safety. 相似文献
18.
N. H. Khadge 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):251-258
As a part of the environmental impact assessment studies, geotechnical properties of sediments were determined in the Central Indian Basin. The undrained shear strength and index properties of the siliceous sediments were determined on 20 box cores of uniform dimension collected from various locations in five preselected sites. The maximum core length encountered was 41 cm and most of the sediments were siliceous oozes consisting of radiolarian or diatomaceous tests. The shear strength measurements revealed that surface sediments deposited in recent times (0-10 cm) have a shear strength of 0-1 kPa; this value increases with depth, reaching 10 kPa at 40 cm deep. Older sediments have greater strength because of compaction. Water content varies in the wide range of 312-577% and decreases with depth. The clay minerals such as smectite and illite are dominant and show some control over water content. Wet density, specific gravity, and porosity do not indicate any notable variation with depth, thereby indicating a uniform, slow rate of sedimentation. The average porosity of sediments is 90.2%, specific gravity 2.18, and wet bulk density 1.12 g/cm 3 . Sediments exhibit medium to high plasticity characteristics, with the average plasticity index varying between 105% and 136%. Preliminary studies on postdisturbance samples showed an increase in natural water content and a decrease in undrained shear strength of sediments in the top 10- to 15-cm layer. 相似文献
19.
Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
20.
An Improved Calibration of Satellite Altimetric Heights Using Tide Gauge Sea Levels with Adjustment for Land Motion 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Gary T. Mitchum 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(3):145-166
Several major improvements to an existing method for calibrating satellite altimeters using tide gauge data are described. The calibration is in the sense of monitoring and correcting temporal drift in the altimetric time series, which is essential in efforts to use the altimetric data for especially demanding applications. Examples include the determination of the rate of change of global mean sea level and the study of the relatively subtle, but climatically important, decadal variations in basin scale sea levels. The improvements are to the method described by Mitchum (1998a), and the modifications are of two basic types. First, since the method depends on the cancellation of true ocean signals by differencing the altimetric data from the tide gauge sea level time series, improvements are made that produce a more complete removal of the ocean signals that comprise the noise for the altimetric drift estimation problem. Second, a major error source in the tide gauge data, namely land motion, is explicitly addressed and corrections are developed that incorporate space-based geodetic data (continuous GPS and DORIS measurements). The long-term solution, having such geodetic measurements available at all the tide gauges, is not yet a reality, so an interim solution is developed. The improved method is applied to the TOPEX altimetric data. The Side A data (August 1992?February 1999) are found to have a linear drift component of 0.55 + / 0.39 mm/yr, but there is also a significant quadratic component to the drift that is presently unexplained. The TOPEX Side B altimeter is estimated to be biased by 7.0 + / 0.7 mm relative to the Side A altimeter based on an analysis of the first 350 days of Side B data. 相似文献