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1.
利用三维激光扫描技术对不易施测的海岸带进行激光扫描,可解决传统海岸线测绘中常出现的岸线难以分辨或者难以到达的问题,从而提高海岸线测绘的精确度和完整度。本文通过三维激光扫描技术采集激光点云数据构建高精度的数字高程模型来提取海岸线,并对数据结果进行精度分析比对,可获得符合要求的高精度海岸线和海岸带的三维模型,作业效率与测量精度也得到提高。该项技术完全可以应用于海岸线测绘,具有广阔的前景。  相似文献   

2.
李全荣  刘亮 《海洋测绘》2019,39(4):14-17
地面三维激光扫描技术以其高精度、高密度等优点,在潮间带地形测量中得到了非常广泛的应用。为了对潮间带地形地貌进行精确反演,必须对点云数据中的非地面点(主要是植被点)予以滤波。对地面三维激光扫描回波强度数据的距离效应进行改正,利用改正后强度数据实现了一种快速精确的植被滤波方法。实验结果表明:与商业软件利用点云几何信息进行植被滤波相比,根据回波强度数据进行植被滤波的精度约为75%,且大大减少了计算量,对潮间带高精度三维地形重构有重要研究意义和应用价值。  相似文献   

3.
三维激光扫描技术在海洋模型试验中的应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
基于三维激光扫描技术,使用Leica ScanStation 2地面三维激光扫描仪对胶州湾物理模型试验地形进行测量.结果表明,三维激光扫描技术比常规的地形测量技术具有更多的优势,为海洋物理模型试验地形提供了一种高效、可行的测量手段.  相似文献   

4.
荣敏  孙付平 《海洋测绘》2007,27(5):11-13
为了评价GPS与VLBI这两种空间技术测定的地心坐标的真正实现精度,选择使用它们的并置站坐标数据,在进行了历元改正和偏心改正后,计算了这两种技术实现的参考架的转换参数,并分析了它们坐标不符值的中误差,得出GPS与VLBI这两种技术实现的参考架的外符合精度在1cm之内,表明了GPS与VLBI这两种技术测定的地心坐标精度已经达到毫米量级。  相似文献   

5.
为有效地监测海岛山体滑坡,找到滑坡的诱发因素,以达到海岛地区防灾减灾的目的。本文以北长山岛为例,针对采石引起的滑坡,利用GPS、三维激光扫描、无人机遥感、位移传感器4种滑坡监测方法,联合建立了北长山岛山后村山体滑坡监测系统。通过对比分析这4种方法发现,在三维激光扫描点云数据密集的滑坡体中、下部选择三维激光扫描获取的滑坡体形态数据,在点云数据稀疏的滑坡体上部选择无人机遥测获取的滑坡体形态数据,精确获取了不同时期滑坡体的挖方量、滑移量;位移传感器获取的实时位移监测数据可得到滑坡体的实时滑移动态,发现在其监测数据突变时滑坡存在滑动的风险。研究还发现采石和降雨是引起山后村滑坡体滑移的两个最重要因素,采石导致滑坡体体积整体减小,降雨导致滑坡体上部拉张加速并引起碎石滑塌。由于监测区环境条件的限制,该系统只能进行滑坡体的表面变形监测。研究成果可为其他海岛滑坡的监测乃至预警提供借鉴和参考。  相似文献   

6.
常用于水边线提取的遥感手段主要有卫星光学遥感、微波遥感和激光雷达技术。从这三种常用的水边线提取遥感技术角度出发,分析比较了基于各类型数据提取水边线的主要方法原理、特点及适用情况。介绍了潮位校正和基于DEM数据的两种获取真实海岸线的研究方法及三维激光扫描数据的应用。最后就目前该领域的不足之处提出了今后研究的可行性建议。  相似文献   

7.
三维激光扫描技术能够在三维空间内实现精确获取目标对象的位置、形态和尺寸,其数据的完整性、丰富性与其高效的作业效率均明显优于传统测绘技术。本文以船载三维激光扫描仪实时动态扫描海堤及两侧抛石,构建高精度三维模型,并对数据结果精度进行对比分析,可以获得符合要求的目标物体高精度的三维点云信息,作业效率得到了极大提高,在海岸工程测量中具有广泛的应用前景。  相似文献   

8.
激光扫描共聚焦显微镜具有成像清晰、获得三维图像、进行多标记观察等优势。本文扼要介绍了激光扫描共聚焦显微镜的原理和特点,着重阐述了激光扫描共聚焦显微镜在海洋动物配子发生;受精过程中细胞内Ca~(2 )变化、肌动蛋白转移和蛋白激酶变化;胚胎和幼体发育的三维成像等研究领域中的应用。并对LSCM在DNA含量、RNA含量等领域的定量、定性前景进行展望。  相似文献   

9.
干涉合成孔径雷达(InSAR)技术是利用两幅或多幅SAR复数影像的相位差信息提取地表地形信息和形变信息的,其对卫星视线向形变比较敏感,精度可达厘米甚至毫米级,而对沿轨道方向的形变不敏感。本文总结了几种获取地表位移三维分量的方法,并对每种方法进行了分析。  相似文献   

10.
随着海岛开发利用和基础设施建设的频繁,高效、精准地获取海岛形态基础数据就显得尤为迫切。三维地形地貌探测和构建技术的日臻完善,及时解决了海岛基础勘测时间长、效率低、精度小的问题。文章通过三维激光扫描和无人机航测手段,全覆盖扫描广西小庙墩(炮台口)海岛表面形态,结合RTK-DGPS实测验证和近景摄影测量,获取海岛实景,运用Geomagic Studio和Smart3D等软件,构建典型海岛三维数字高程模型(DEM),融合多源数据和海岛实景,还原海岛高精度仿真三维形态。为高精度勘测海岛提供有效手段,为海岛基础地理信息获取、地质灾害识别和生态环境修复提供基础数据支撑。  相似文献   

11.
针对双频测深激光雷达数据的特点,研究了利用激光回波波形特征实现点云数据水陆分离的方法。激光和水体的相互作用通常会导致激光回波波形的展宽,与仅在空气中传播的陆地激光回波有明显区别。首先采用高斯函数对回波数据进行波形模拟,用期望方差最大法求解高斯函数的最优参数,得到波形拟合特征参数,随后以绿波段的波宽之和以及红波段与绿波段振幅比值这两个指标作为水陆分离的特征参数,采用最佳阈值分割法得到阈值参数并实现水陆分离,最后采用遥感影像辅助生成准确的水陆点云类别,评价本文方法的分类精度。实验结果表明,基于回波波形特征和阈值分割的方法能够较为准确地实现双频测深激光雷达数据的水陆分离,数据正确率优于94%。  相似文献   

12.
深水多波束声呐测深数据精度评估   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
多波束测深精度评估是水深测量质量控制的重要方面,静态精度评估与交叉测线动态精度评估能够从不同角度表征测深精度,估计测量样本的综合误差。在实际调查作业过程中,由于缺少水深真值,在进行精度估计时缺少可操作性。本文利用Kongsberg EM120型深水多波束系统的测深数据,基于某一区域的重复测量数据,应用中央波束的水深数据进行静态精度分析;通过引入网格化方法,进行动态水深精度评估分析,并通过偏差分析揭示测量样本的误差分布特征。结果表明,中央波束水深数据静态精度评估与基于网格化方法的动态精度评估具有实际可操作性,其结果能够有效估计测深的综合误差;重复测量数据的偏差分析能够有效展示误差的分布特征。  相似文献   

13.
沙滩剖面动态监测是沙滩整治修复工程效果评价的基础性工作,同时也是工程实践中及时发现问题并提出解决方案的关键步骤。由于常规测量手段存在工作效率低、周期长、难以全面覆盖测区等局限性,新型技术在沙滩剖面动态监测中的应用研究显得尤为重要。本研究以厦门天泉湾沙滩养护工程为案例,通过无人机航拍技术和三维激光扫描仪获取沙滩数字正射影像和高程数据,与人工测量结果进行比对和统计分析,研究两种技术的应用价值。研究结果表明,无人机平面坐标精度较高,但高程精度有所偏离;三维激光扫描仪测量数据满足沙滩剖面地形测量精度要求,但易受视场角限制,结果存在扫描噪点和盲区。因此,采用无人机及三维激光扫描仪技术,结合传统测量手段进行沙滩剖面动态监测,在我国广泛分布的沙滩养护工程实践中,具有良好的应用价值。  相似文献   

14.
Abstract

The Canadian program for obtaining hydrographic data by aerial methods consists of merging laser bathymeter data with photogrammetric depth data. The main deficiency of the photogrammetric approach for bathymetric measurements is that incomplete stereomodels can occur in areas where little or no land appears. This problem is overcome by using an inertial navigation system (INS) hardmounted to the aerial camera to provide the orientation parameters of position and attitude for each photograph. In order to meet the high accuracy requirement, the INS and other complementary navigation data are processed through a post‐mission track recovery software package. The photogrammetric depths are improved further by merging them with the waterline height information and the laser bathymeter depths using a least‐squares adjustment algorithm. The photogrammetric compilation, depth measurements, shoreline plots, and laser bathymeter integration is done in an analytical stereoplotter. This instrument provides an on‐line refraction correction necessary because of the two‐media mode of operation. Results of a recent pilot project indicate that the integrated system is capable of obtaining depth measurements that agree with echo sounder depth measurements to a precision of .65 m (RMS), and that it can position measured depths to a precision of .74 m (RMS) relative to local control.  相似文献   

15.
海岸岛礁地形测量作业主要采用实时动态差分定位系统(real time kinematic,RTK)和全站仪相结合的测量作业模式,但在陡峭的悬崖地区、大面积的滩涂、沼泽,以及困难地区岛礁等,很难通过RTK作业方式实施登岛/登点测量,难以满足海岸岛礁应急作业的需求。开展了船载三维激光扫描地形测量关键技术研究,通过系列专业软件开发、技术试验、规程编制和生产作业等技术途径,构建了船载三维激光扫描地形测量技术体系,将大大减轻海岸岛礁地形测绘的劳动强度,加快数据更新和产品保障周期。  相似文献   

16.
The topography of the seabed is influenced by sediment transport due to wave motion, current disturbance, and biological activities. The bottom roughness generated by these processes can substantially alter acoustic wave penetration into and scattering from the bottom, and therefore, it is essential to make accurate measurements of the bottom roughness for such acoustic applications. Methods to make direct measurements of bottom roughness include stereo photography, laser line scanning, and sediment conductivity. Roughness can also be measured indirectly using high-frequency sound backscatter. For optically-based methods, the accuracy of these measurements is typically evaluated using the elevations, lengths, or diameters of simple surface features of known dimensions. However, for acoustic applications, the statistical characteristics of the surface, e.g., the roughness spectrum, are more meaningful. In this paper, we present a fabricated rough surface milled into a 40 $,times ,$60 cm $^{2}$ plastic block for use as a benchmark in the assessment of two in situ roughness measurement systems: a laser scanning system and a digital stereo photography system. The surface has a realistic roughness power spectrum that is derived from the bottom roughness measured during the 1999 Sediment Acoustics Experiment (SAX99) and was fabricated by a computer numerical controlled milling machine. By comparing the fabricated surface spectrum to the measured spectrum, a determination of the accuracy of the roughness measurement is evaluated, which is of direct relevance to acoustic applications.   相似文献   

17.
In order to enhance the efficiency of the interpretation of surface images obtained with a side scanning sonar, it is proposed to supplement the standard processing software with a program for obtaining acoustic stereo images. Examples of such images synthesized with this program using the data of a bottom sonar survey with a side scanning sonar and an echo sounder are presented. The cases are considered when the information on the bottom relief contained in sonar images obtained with a standard side scanning sonar or its modifications can be used instead of the data of an echo sounding survey.  相似文献   

18.
水雷目标识别中的数据融合技术   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
主动声纳发射声信号“照射”被识别目标,并从目标产生的回波中提取出目标的特征信息,结合可能得到的先验知识,对目标的类别作出判断。论文偿试把现代信号处理技术与信息融合技术相结合,应用到具体的水雷目标识别领域,以提高水雷回波识别系统的准确性和可靠性。  相似文献   

19.
ABSTRACT

The rapid acquisition techniques of over- and under-water geoinformation is urgently needed. The Shipborne Over- and Under-water integrated Mobile Mapping System (SiOUMMS) applies plug-in and multi-process network technology to achieve integrated data acquisition and cooperative control of multi-sensors, such as Global Navigation Satellite System, Inertial Measurement Unit, laser scanner, and multi-beam echo sounder. The proposed system can meet the requirements of diverse application scenarios and sensors, allowing for flexibility and scalability. Meanwhile, coarse calibration based on a set of common points and fine calibration using the plane feature constraint are proposed for integratedly obtaining the exterior orientation elements of the laser scanner and the multi-beam echo sounder. Together, these methods provide theoretical support and technical help to the seamless integration of over- and under-water point clouds. Experiments are also described, proving that the root mean square error of over-water point clouds is 0.133 m, the average elevation clearance spacing between adjacent over- and under-water point clouds is less than 0.3 m, and the average horizontal clearance spacing is less than 0.2 m. At the same time, cases in this paper show that SiOUMMS has made important achievements in the integrated measurement of reefs, coastal zone, and inland waterways, and has broad prospects for future applications.  相似文献   

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