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1.
为揭示链状裸甲藻(Gymnodinium catenatum)对不同氮源和磷源营养条件的适应机制,通过在不同营养盐浓度和形态条件下对链状裸甲藻进行一次性培养,探究了氮源、磷源对链状裸甲藻生长和酶活性的影响。结果显示,链状裸甲藻可在多种形态氮和磷的条件中生存,其中链状裸甲藻在氮浓度0～800μmol/L范围内对NH4Cl的亲和性最高,在磷浓度0～32μmol/L范围内对三磷酸腺苷(ATP)的利用能力最低。不同氮形态处理组中,培养初期谷氨酰胺合成酶在NH4Cl为氮源的条件下活性表达最强;培养中后期,谷氨酰胺合成酶和脲酶在尿素为氮源条件中表达最高,而各处理组中的硝酸还原酶活性均较低,表明链状裸甲藻在低硝酸盐环境中没有竞争优势。不同磷形态处理中,各组碱性磷酸酶活性随培养时间先升高后降低,酸性磷酸酶活性(除ATP处理组外)逐渐降低。ATP为磷源的处理组具有最高的碱性磷酸酶和酸性磷酸酶活性,其他三个处理组酶活性表达相似。研究发现不同氮源和磷源显著影响链状裸甲藻的生长,藻细胞可通过调节谷氨酰胺合成酶、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶和酸性磷酸酶的活性对不同形态营养盐进行利... 相似文献
2.
本文以球形棕囊藻为实验材料,从营养盐利用及生理生化角度研究了不同氮源对其生长的影响。研究结果表明:球形棕囊藻以尿素为氮源的藻密度以及叶绿素a浓度均高于以NH_4Cl或NaNO_3为氮源的藻密度以及叶绿素a浓度;硝酸盐还原酶(NR)及脲酶(urease)活性表达受培养基中氮源浓度及吸收速率调控,硝酸盐还原酶在以NaNO_3为氮源条件下活性最高,脲酶在以尿素为氮源条件下活性表达最强;通过比较不同条件下硝酸盐还原酶活性及脲酶活性,发现脲酶活性远高于硝酸盐还原酶活性,这可能是以尿素为氮源条件下球形棕囊藻藻密度更高的主要原因。研究还发现,氮饥饿状态的球形棕囊藻对NH_4~+具有很高的初始吸收速率,8h左右将NH_4~+快速吸收耗尽,在随后的实验期间保持着较低且平稳的比生长速率,可见球形棕囊藻能快速吸收氨氮并储存在细胞内,当培养液中氮源耗尽后用于维持细胞的增长。 相似文献
3.
研究了四片藻 (Tetraselmissp.)利用无机碳、氮源生长的情况 ,结果表明 ,四片藻以利用乙酸盐和脲生长最好 ,其最佳浓度分别为 1 .2g·L- 1 和 0 .6g·L- 1 。以总脂和脂肪酸组成为例 ,比较了基本培养基、有机碳、氮源培养基和无机碳、氮源培养基对四片藻生长和生化组成的影响 ,结果表明 ,在光培养条件下 ,上述各培养基对四片藻生长的影响差别很大 ,培养 7d ,有机和无机碳、氮源培养基中的细胞浓度分别为基本培养基中细胞浓度的 3.2倍和 2 .4倍 ;总脂含量以添加有机或无机碳、氮源培养基的较高 ,分别占细胞干重的 9.7%和 1 0 .3 % ;上述各培养基对脂肪酸组成与含量的影响差别不大。 相似文献
4.
坛紫菜与彩虹明樱蛤复合养殖的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了坛紫菜的培育状态、不同氮源及其质量浓度和彩虹明樱蛤与坛紫菜质量比等因素对复合养殖的影响.结果表明,紫菜在苗网上有序分布比自由分散式有更长的生长时间和更高的生长速率.以NO2-N培养的坛紫菜其生长速率最高,4天和7天的生长速率分别达6.13和4.20%/d,高于NH4-N的4.28和2.43%/d及NO3-N的4.72和2.87%/d;不同氮源对培养7天的无机氮变化量和pH值影响较大,其中对第7天的pH值有显著影响(p<0.05).氮源质量浓度在2.1 mg/L水平的坛紫菜生长速率明显高于在1.4 mg/L和2.8 mg/L水平的坛紫菜生长速率;氮源质量浓度对贝类成活率及培养4天的水体的pH值和DO值影响大,其中对第4天的DO值有显著的影响(p<0.05).贝藻质量比对坛紫菜生长速率的影响不显著,但对水体的pH值和DO值关系密切,贝类越多,水体的pH值和DO值越低.表明复合养殖中坛紫菜能够促进贝类养殖容量的增加,能够对NO2-N等氮源的吸收利用,从而降低了氨氮对贝类养殖的毒性影响;坛紫菜光合作用吸收了CO2,释放出O2.复合养殖有利于养殖生态系统中O2和CO2保持动态平衡,促进贝藻的生长. 相似文献
5.
铁对中肋骨条藻生长、色素化程度及氮同化能力的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
以中肋骨条藻为对象，研究了铁以及铁与氮的交互作用对藻类生长、色素化程度及氮同化能力的影响。结果表明，在３×１０￣８～５×１０－６ｍｏｌ／ｄｍ３浓度范围内，随着Ｆｅ的增加，该藻对氮的吸收量增加，同化能力增大，细胞色素化程度降低，胞内氨基酸（ＡＡ）和蛋白质（Ｐｒ）含量升高，细胞生长加快，细胞生长率在Ｆｅ浓度为５×１０－６ｍｏｌ／ｄｍ３时达最大。叶绿素ａ和褐色素以及胞内ＡＡ和Ｐｒ与铁浓度的对数呈正相关关系。实验还发现，当Ｎ／Ｐ为２０：１时（比较４０：１和１０：１），铁与氮交互作用对细胞生长、色素化程度以及氮同化能力影响尤其显著：当Ｆｅ浓度一定时，不同形态的氮源对藻胞内ＡＡ转化为Ｐｒ速率的影响是低氧化态氮源高于高氧化态氮源 相似文献
6.
混合氮源对扁藻与金藻共培养和单种培养生长的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用均匀设计,研究了硝酸钠(NO3-N)、尿素(NH2-N)和硫酸铵(NH4-N)3种氮源对亚心形扁藻(Platymonas subcordiformis)与球等鞭金藻(Isochrysis galbana)共培养和单种培养生长的影响。结果表明,不同氮源对扁藻与金藻在不同培养方式下的生长均存在显著差异(P<0.05)。共培养时,硝酸钠质量浓度对扁藻和金藻的总细胞密度(Yt)和最终细胞密度的体积比(Yr)没有影响,尿素质量浓度对Yt有正调节作用,而硫酸铵质量浓度对Yt有负调节作用、对Yr有正调节作用。当培养液中NH2-N质量浓度为21.01 mg/L,扁藻和金藻接种体积比(Xv)为14.15时,Yt最大(1 508.9×104个/mL);当NH4-N质量浓度、Xv分别为21.00 mg/L和14.15时,Yr最大,为87.46。单种培养金藻时,硝酸钠略优于尿素,2种氮源对其生长均有正调节作用,而硫酸铵起负调节作用。当培养液中加21.01 mg/L的NO3-N和NH2-N时,金藻的细胞密度达到最大值(862.6×104个/mL);不同氮源对扁藻生长的调节作用与金藻相反,当扁藻接种密度为4.6×104个/mL,培养液中NH4-N质量浓度为21.00mg/L时,扁藻细胞密度达到102.2×104个/mL,其值最大。 相似文献
7.
采用铜藻(Sargassum horneri)幼苗为实验对象,分别以Na NO3和Na H2PO4为氮源和磷源,研究了不同氮磷质量浓度及氮磷配比对铜藻幼苗生长的影响。进行了氮、磷单因子实验、双因子实验以及不同氮磷配比实验,实验时间为8d。结果表明:氮和磷对铜藻幼苗生长影响极显著(P0.01),且当氮、磷的质量浓度分别为8mg/L、0.4mg/L时,铜藻幼苗的特定生长率最大;交互作用影响不显著(P0.05),不同质量浓度的氮为主效应;不同氮磷质量浓度比影响极显著(P0.01),且当氮磷比为10:1时,铜藻幼苗的特定生长率最大。研究结果为铜藻幼苗培育过程中营养盐的合理调控提供了理论依据。 相似文献
8.
芋根江蓠快速生长条件的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《海洋湖沼通报》2015,(3)
主要研究了温度、光照、盐度以及不同氮源对芋根江蓠生长的影响,结果显示,芋根江蓠在其他生长条件恒定时最适生长温度为27~30℃、最适光照为6 000lx、最适盐度为20~27.5。4种氮源NaNO3、NH4NO3、CO(NH2)2、NH4HCO3的最适浓度分别为10~50mg/L、10mg/L、10~30mg/L、10~30mg/L。不同氮源的对比结果显示,10mg/L NH4HCO3能显著促进芋根江蓠的生长,其他各氮源之间芋根江蓠的相对生长率并无显著的差异,这是因为NH4HCO3能补充一定的碳源,避免了生长过程中的碳限制。 相似文献
9.
棕囊藻引发的有害藻华已经成为一种全球性的自然灾害,给海洋环境以及渔业经济带来了严重的损失。棕囊藻存在两种生活史形态:游离的单细胞形态和囊体形态,但是不同形态之间的转换和囊体形成机制尚不清楚。营养盐是浮游植物生长和藻华发生的物质基础,棕囊藻藻华以往多发生在硝酸盐限制海区。但是近年来,尿素等有机氮在河口区域浓度不断提高,有机氮源的增加可能对棕囊藻生长和生活史转换产生显著的影响。通过添加硝酸盐、铵盐、尿素三种氮源,研究不同氮源对球形棕囊藻生长和囊体形成的影响。研究表明:球形棕囊藻可以在硝氮、尿素中迅速生长,形成囊体,但是氨氮对其却有明显的抑制作用;球形棕囊藻单细胞在硝氮中丰度比较高,最大可达到(444.21±64.97)×10~3个·mL~(-1);在尿素中更容易形成囊体,最多能达到(12.61±6.5)个·mL~(-1)。球形棕囊藻可以利用硝酸盐和有机氮源使其具有更强的竞争力,尿素在海洋水体中浓度的提高,可能是近年来球形棕囊藻藻华在我国近海水域频发的原因之一。 相似文献
10.
以冈村枝管藻(Cladosiphon okamuranus Tokida)为实验材料,研究了培养基中氮、磷和维生素对冈村枝管藻盘状体生长的影响.并应用SPSS13.0软件包对数据进行统计分析.结果显示,在NH4NO3为氮源时,盘状体直径增长较快,氮浓度最适范围在0.3～0.6 mmol/L之间.在不同磷浓度条件下,盘状体保持大致相同的生长状态.不同浓度培养基时盘状体直径增长快慢各不相同,其中在1/2Provasoli培养基时,盘状体生长最快.维生素B1、维生素B12和生物素对盘状体的生长有一定的促进作用. 相似文献
11.
采用高浓度无机三态氮(铵氮4NH?-N、亚硝氮2NO?-N和硝氮3NO?-N)共存的模拟海水体系,在最适生长条件下,研究了小分子有机物(糖类、有机酸、醇、有机氮)和p H对海洋着色菌(Marichromatium gracile)YL28去除水体无机三态氮的影响。结果表明:以葡萄糖、乙酸钠和乙醇为唯一碳源时,水体中的高浓度2NO?-N和3NO?-N均能被完全去除,4NH?-N的去除率分别为93.40%、84.55%和66.63%;碳源为乙酸钠时菌体生长最好,体系中添加蛋白胨或尿素,仅4NH?-N的去除效果明显降低。p H值在6.0—9.0时,该菌株对4NH?-N、2NO?-N和3NO?-N均具有去除能力。由此可知:YL28菌株对模拟海水养殖水体中高浓度无机三态氮具有良好的去除能力,高浓度有机氮化物(蛋白胨和尿素)对4NH?-N的去除能力有明显影响,但对2NO?-N和3NO?-N仍保持高效的去除能力。本研究为不产氧光合细菌制剂在水产养殖中的合理应用提供参考。 相似文献
12.
2011年春季东海赤潮高发区尿素分布特征及影响因素 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
2011年春季(3-5月)在东海赤潮高发区硅藻和甲藻赤潮暴发及演替过程中进行了3个航次的现场调查,通过对调查资料的分析,对该海域尿素的含量变化、平面分布特征及影响因素进行了初步探讨。结果表明:调查海域尿素的含量在检出限~6.32μmol/L范围内,平均浓度为(1.33±0.84)μmol/L,是该海域一种重要的溶解有机氮组分。其中,在DIN中所占比例8.73%~18.04%,在DON中所占比例5.63%~15.73%。赤潮的暴发对尿素含量和分布影响较大,能够影响并控制该海区尿素的实际浓度水平和分布特征。其中,硅藻赤潮暴发前后尿素和DIN含量下降百分比分别为36.67%和49.88%,甲藻赤潮暴发前后尿素和DIN含量下降百分比分别为8.78%和28.97%。硅藻赤潮期,尿素的高值区和叶绿素高值区一致,其含量明显高于正常海区;甲藻赤潮期,叶绿素的高值区对应着尿素低值区,赤潮区内尿素含量普遍降低至1μmol/L以下,尿素是一种能够被研究海区甲藻类浮游植物吸收利用的有效氮源。在调查海域大规模硅藻和甲藻赤潮暴发和演替期间,尿素的平面分布上未呈现明显的近岸低、远岸高的分布特点,与盐度数值没有明显的相关性,该时期陆源输入不是影响该海域尿素分布的主要因素。 相似文献
13.
营养盐对球等鞭金藻生长和脂肪酸含量及组分的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
球等鞭金藻细胞内可富集丰富的二十碳五烯酸(Eicosapentaenoic acid,EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(Docosahexaenoic acid,DHA),这些多不饱和脂肪酸(Polyunsatured fatty aicd,PUFA)具有重要的生理活性。采用气相色谱法研究了不同浓度的NaNO3和NaH2PO4对球等鞭金藻生长和脂肪酸含量及组成成分的影响。结果表明,NaNO3和NaH2PO4对球等鞭金藻生长和脂肪酸含量(占干重的百分含量)及组成成分均有影响。在初始NaNO3浓度为1~74.8mg/L和初始NaH2PO4浓度为0.47~4.48mg/L范围内,随着NaNO3和NaH2PO4浓度的增加,球等鞭金藻的细胞密度和比生长速率都增大,脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸含量则都呈现下降趋势;C22∶6(DHA)占干重的百分含量随着NaNO3和NaH2PO4浓度的增加而下降,但在总脂肪酸中的百分含量则增加,当NaNO3浓度为74.8mg/L时可达到9.92%,当NaH2PO4浓度为4.48mg/L时可达到7.81%。 相似文献
14.
不同氮源对微藻增殖的影响 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
采用室内实验的方式研究了无机氮和有机氮对不同微藻增殖的影响情况。比较了不同氮源(氯化铵和尿素)对纤细角毛藻(Chaetoceros gracilis)、赤潮异弯藻(Heterosigma akashiwo Hada)、亚历山大藻(Alexandrium sp．)、隐藻(Chroomonas salina f.adolenscens)4种海洋微藻生长的不同影响。结果表明,有机氮尿素对海洋微藻增殖的影响比无机氮的复杂。由微藻最适生长的氮、磷浓度得到N：P值,讨论了该值对微藻增殖的影响,以及影响N：P值的可能情形。 相似文献
15.
几种饵料浮游动物脂肪酸组成分析及营养效果评价 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
本文采用气相色谱分析法对海水鱼类育苗常用的4种饵料浮游动物的脂肪酸组成和含量进行了测定分析.结果表明卤虫无节幼虫、皱褶臂尾轮虫、蒙古裸腹溞和太平洋纺锤水蚤的粗脂肪含量分别占其体重的21.54％、9.70％、6.67％和4.66％.单不饱和脂肪酸的含量排序分别为蒙古裸腹溞＞纺锤水蚤＞轮虫＞卤虫；多不饱和脂肪酸含量则为卤虫＞裸腹溞＞轮虫＞纺锤水蚤.此外，太平洋纺锤水蚤尚含有C226(DHA)高不饱和脂肪酸，这在其它饵料生物中并未检出.卤虫无节幼虫和褶皱臂尾轮虫的脂肪酸组成中，油酸(C181)、亚油酸(C182)和亚麻酸(C183)占有较大比例，而二十碳以上的不饱和脂肪酸含量很低.文中讨论了脂肪酸组成和含量与营养效果的关系. 相似文献
16.
Stphane L'Helguen Christian Madec Pierre Le Corre 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1996,42(6):803-818
Uptake rates of ammonium, nitrate, urea and nitrite were measured for 1 year (1988) at a coastal station in the well-mixed waters of the western English Channel. Ammonium was the major form of nitrogen (N) utilized (48%) by phytoplankton, followed by nitrate (32%), urea (13%) and nitrite (7%). Seasonal changes of uptake of ammonium, nitrate and urea showed a broad, intense summer maximum. Nitrite uptake was low throughout the year except for a peak value in June. Uptake rates of ammonium and nitrate were independent of substrate concentrations, whereas those of urea and nitrite were not. The summer maxima of ammonium, nitrate and total N uptake, and the significant relationships of N-uptake index to ambient light, and of chlorophyll-a-specific N uptake to surface-incident light, indicate that light is the major factor controlling N uptake in these waters. This is due to the permanent vertical mixing which reduces the mean light available for N uptake to <15% of the incident light. Mixing also injects regenerated N continuously into the euphotic zone, thus alleviating nitrogen limitation and accounting for the larger proportion of regenerated N uptake in total N uptake. 相似文献
17.
Zena G. Kaufman John S. Lively Edward J. Carpenter 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1983,17(5):483-493
The uptake of urea, nitrate and ammonium by phytoplankton was measured using 15N isotopes over a one-year period in Great South Bay, a shallow coastal lagoon. The bay is a unique environment for the study of nutrient uptake since ambient concentrations of and urea remain relatively high through the year, and phytoplankton are probably never nutrient limited. Urea nitrogen averaged 52% of the total assimilated, while ammonium represented 33% and nitrate 13%. High rates of ammonium uptake occurred only at low urea concentrations (ca< 1-μg-atom urea l?1). Over the sampling period urea was present in relatively high concentrations, averaging 5·35 μg-atom N l?1, while means for ammonium and nitrate averaged 1·94 and 0·65 μg-atom N l?1, respectively. Total N uptake measured with 15N averaged about 3·3 times the calculated (from elemental ratios and 14C productivity measurements) N needs of the phytoplankton population. Highest nitrogen uptake occurred in the summer and coincided with the primary production maximum. 相似文献
18.
Primary production was measured during two Lagrangian experiments in the Iberian upwelling. The first experiment, in a body of upwelled water, measured day-to-day changes in phytoplankton activity as the water mass moved south along the shelf break. Nutrient concentrations decreased over a five day period, with concomitant increases in phytoplankton biomass. Initially the maximum phytoplankton biomass was in the upper 10m but after four days, a sub-surface chlorophyll maximum was present at 30m. Depth-integrated primary production at the beginning of the experiment was 70mmolC.m−2.d−1 (838mgC.m−2.d−1) and reached a maximum of 88mmolC.m−2.d−1 (1053mgC.m−2.d−1) on day 3. On day 1, the picoplankton fraction (<2μm) was slightly more productive than larger (>5μm) phytoplankton, but the increase in overall production during the drift experiment was by these larger cells. Nitrate was the dominant nitrogen source. As nutrient concentrations declined, ammonium became increasingly more important as a nitrogen source and the f-ratio decreased from 0.7 to 0.5. Picoplankton cells (<2μm) were responsible for most (65–80%) of the ammonium uptake. The C:N:P uptake ratios were very close to the Redfield ratio for the first four days but as nutrients became depleted high C:N uptake ratios (11 to 43) were measured. Over the period of the experiment, nitrate concentration within the upper 40m decreased by 47.91mmolN.m−2. In vitro estimates, based on 15N nitrate uptake, accounted for 56% of the decrease in nitrate concentration observed in the drifting water mass. Ammonium uptake over the same four day period was 16.28mmolN.m−2, giving a total nitrogen uptake of 43.18mmolN.m−2.In the second experiment, an offshore filament was the focus and a water mass was sampled as it moved offshore. Nutrient concentrations were very low (nitrate was <10nmol l−1 and ammonium was 20–40nmol l−1). Primary production rate varied between 36mmolC.m−2.d−1 (436mgC.m−2.d−1) and 21mmolC.m−2.d−1 (249mgC.m−2.d−1). Picophytoplankton was the most productive fraction and was responsible for a constant proportion (ca 0.65) of the total carbon fixation. Uptake rates of both nitrate and ammonium were between 10 and 20% of those measured in the upwelling region. Urea could be a very significant nitrogen source in these waters with much higher uptake rates than nitrate or ammonium; urea turnover times were ca. one day but the source of the urea remains unknown. Urea uptake had a profound effect on calculated f ratios. If only nitrate and ammonium uptake was considered, f ratios were calculated to be 0.42–0.46 but inclusion of urea uptake reduced the f ratio to <0.1. The primary production of this oligotrophic off-shore filament was driven by regenerated nitrogen. 相似文献
19.
The preferential inorganic nitrogen source for the seagrass Zostera noltii was investigated in plants from Ria Formosa, South Portugal. Rates of ammonium and nitrate uptake were determined at different concentrations of these nutrients (5, 25 and 50 μm ), supplied simultaneously (NH4NO3) or separately (KNO3 and NH4Cl). The activity of the enzymes nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamine synthetase (GS) was also assessed. The results showed that ammonium is the preferential inorganic nitrogen source for Z. noltii, but, in the absence of ammonium, the species also has a high nitrate uptake capacity. The simultaneous availability of both inorganic nitrogen forms enhanced the uptake rate of ammonium and decreased the uptake rate of nitrate compared to when only one of the nitrogen forms was supplied. The activity of both enzymes was much higher in the leaves than in the roots, highlighting the importance of the leaves as primary reducing sites in the nitrogen assimilation process. 相似文献