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<联合国海洋法公约>及以后出台的一系列国际渔业协定、决议或公约促进了公海渔业制度的发展.本文阐述了公海及公海渔业的基本概念,介绍了现行公海渔业制度的主要内容,探讨了公海渔业制度的特征和今后发展趋势.在此基础上,分析了我国公海渔业现状,提出维护我国公海渔业权益的相应措施:(1)合理调整作业类型,积极开发新渔场;(2)建立国家级远洋渔船档案制度和捕捞数据收集制度;(3)积极加入国际渔业组织,在国际渔业管理中争取我国的权益;(4)建立违规渔船的惩罚制度;(5)加强远洋船员教育,提高远洋人员素质. 相似文献
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信息化是实施海洋与渔业发展战略的基础保障之一。从海洋与渔业信息化的基础设施建设、数据获取能力、数据服务能力以及信息系统应用能力等多方面着手,阐述该省海洋与渔业信息化建设在数字化、网络化、业务化、社会化等方面取得的重要成果,为其他省及相关行业的信息化建设提供借鉴。 相似文献
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从"十一五"广东省海洋与渔业信息化建设的进展和存在的问题出发,提出"十二五"期间海洋与渔业信息化建设的指导思想、基本原则、发展目标,研究建立和完善数据中心、系统互联平台、办公自动化系统、无线网络、公众网站、政务内网等重点工程,提出广东省海洋与渔业信息化建设的保障措施。 相似文献
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为测度当前我国休闲渔业的发展规模,选取2013—2018年的休闲渔业产值和渔业经济产值为变量,构建了直接贡献率、间接贡献率和回归分析法建立的边际贡献率模型,测算了休闲渔业对渔业总产值的贡献度。结果表明,2014—2018年的直接贡献率分别为4.38%、4.95%、14.3%、6.58%和12.5%,2014—2018年的间接贡献率分别为0.317%、0.261%、0.752%、0.403%和0.533%,2013—2018年,休闲渔业对于渔业经济总值的边际贡献率为9.9%,由数据得出,当前我国休闲渔业规模还很小,发展水平也很低,整体实力也很薄弱。为此提出：加大休闲渔业的政策扶持力度;设计最为合理的休闲渔业项目;加大休闲渔业的宣传;加强休闲渔业与高校的合作,培养更多的休闲渔业方向的高精尖人才;推动休闲渔业从业者专业素养整体水平的提高;鼓励休闲渔业从业者之间的帮助;健全完善休闲渔业的监督管理体制;加强组织领导,促进休闲渔业发展。 相似文献
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近几年来随着市场经济的不断完善和发展，海洋渔业捕捞生产结构逐渐发生变化，同时渔业通信的发展却滞后于社会经济的发展，发展缓慢，仅仅维持在出海船组能相互通信的水平上，且通信质量不高。渔业安全救助通信网，只能作用在近距离（数十海里内），而大多数船只出海路程都在上百海里远，无法跟岸台联系，渔业安全救助通信网也就失去了应用的效力，亟须向中远程发展。现代渔业通信的发展迟缓，已经阻碍了海洋渔业生产的信息化发展，影响了渔业的安全生产。 相似文献
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金枪鱼渔业作为远洋渔业和海洋经济的重要组成部分,其发展受到各远洋渔业大国的高度重视和大力扶持。文章基于SCP分析范式,从市场结构、市场行为及市场绩效3个范畴研究金枪鱼渔业产业组织的结构特征,分析影响金枪鱼渔业市场结构的因素,探究市场结构、市场行为和市场绩效三者的关系。研究发现:金枪鱼国际生产和贸易垄断集中程度降低,市场竞争的有效性不断加强;金枪鱼的市场结构受到市场集中度、产品差别化,进入和退出壁垒的影响;金枪鱼渔业市场结构、市场行为和市场绩效之间存在相互影响关系。文章最后为我国发展金枪鱼渔业,提升国际竞争力提出了发挥渔业管理组织牵头作用,共同维护金枪鱼市场有效竞争;积极促进企业发展,提高生产研发能力,立足国际市场;创造良好国际环境,切实为金枪鱼渔业发展保驾护航等建议。 相似文献
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我国渔业结构存在的问题及政策分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
渔业在我国农业发展中有着举足轻重的地位。进入21世纪，渔业产业结构调整和优化成为渔业生产的必然选择。从基础渔业——捕捞业和养殖业、水产品加工业、渔业资源和环境保护等方面，论证了我国渔业结构中存在的问题，并提出了相应的对策。 相似文献
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2003年,随着我国“渔业捕捞许可证”、“水产养殖许可证”制度的全面推广与实施,一个声势浩大、前所未有的“以法治渔”、“以法兴渔”的浪潮在全国兴起。各级政府结合新修订的《渔业法》,针对新形势、新情况,陆续出台了一系列配套性、地方性渔业法规及规定。2003年1月,深圳市根据农业部及国家质检总局颁发的《水产品药物残留专项整治计划》及相关规定率先出台“水产品出口安全的五项检验标准”,以保护大多数守法渔农利益,提高我国出口水产品在国际市场中的竞争力;山东省制定了“无公害水产品行动计划”,全面实施从鱼池到餐桌全过程安全控制… 相似文献
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The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ～200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ～380 km from the coast at a depth of ～250 m above the sea level. 相似文献
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We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances
using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium
partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and
in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority
accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative
abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability. 相似文献
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We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the
Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of
rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the
transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic
regime of the sea.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
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V. A. Ivanov S. P. Lyubartseva N. Mikhailova N. B. Shapiro 《Physical Oceanography》2001,11(6):509-524
We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an
ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics
is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of
a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic
elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as
a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water
area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the
shelf zone and open sea.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
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Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m3 from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m3 on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area. 相似文献
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I. E. Timchenko A. A. Primalenny V. D. Yarin E. F. Vasechkina E. M. Igumnova 《Physical Oceanography》2001,11(4):367-378
We use many-year archival observations of hydrologic and hydrobiologic state of the Sea of Azov for the identification of
the structure of a model of its ecosystem. The ecosystem model, supplemented with expert estimates of bioresource consumption
(fish reserve), contamination level, and possible ecologic fines for violation of the sea natural state, is formalized by
the method of system dynamics. Hereat, the major part of influence functions is found in terms of observational data with
application of self-organization algorithms. We also present the results of simulated experiments with the model of the ecosystem,
which enable us to analyse scenarios of its behaviour under the influence of various external factors (wind, river discharge,
water exchange with the Black Sea, etc.).
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
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Relationship between the path of the Kuroshio in the south of Japan and the path of the Kuroshio Extension in the east 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry
dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly
goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with
the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then
passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state. 相似文献
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I. G. Ostrovskaya 《Physical Oceanography》1992,3(5):397-403
Three mathematical models are considered: a two-dimensional model for calculating the concentration fields of the ecosystem components on the shelf of the Republic of Guinea, a pointwise model for the annual variation of the components, and a two predators-prey model. These models are used to study the effect of hydrodynamic conditions on the state of the shelf ecosystem and for research into the causes which distort the balance between marketable and unmarketable fish.Translated by Mikhail M. Trufanov. 相似文献
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Al. A. Shreider 《Oceanology》2007,47(1):91-103
The first data on the temporal evolution of the slope of the buried depression of the Black Sea are obtained. The sharp change in the rate of the decrease in the slope steepness that occurred in the Late Miocene-Pliocene time reflects a reorientation of the vector of mutual movement and a related intensification of the collision between the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates. 相似文献
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The study of the sedimentary body of the Bransfield Strait has made it possible to identify several sedimentary complexes, to construct the first electronic charts for the acoustic basement, and to establish four stages of the evolution of its floor, which updates the previous knowledge about the formation of the strait. At the first stage, there was an increase in tension stresses that were accompanied by the local splits of the continental crust at the periphery of the Antarctic Peninsula. At the second stage, a graben-like structure filled with the Lower stratigraphic complex was formed northward of the Antarctic Peninsula. At the third stage, the continuing processes of extension led to intensive explosive activity of the growing volcanic structures and filling of the graben with sediments of the Middle seismostratigraphic complex. The fourth stage, which has continued until recently, is characterized by quasi-linear localization of the major centers of volcanic activity in the band closer to the South-Shetland Islands and the formation of the Upper seismostratigraphic sedimentary complex. The evolution of the floor of the Bransfield Strait reflects the process of penetration of the American-Antarctic ridge to the continental lithosphere of the Antarctic Peninsula for the last million years. 相似文献