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1.
构造生烃     
生烃是岩石中所含的有机质产生流体有机化合物的化学反应。岩石有机质化学反应存在两种系统:封闭系统和开放系统,随着埋深加大,烃源岩越来越致密,岩石的化学反应逐渐由开放系统转变为封闭系统。目前的生烃理论仅仅是开放系统下烃源岩成熟与生烃理论,烃源岩成熟与生烃是不匹配的。封闭系统下烃源岩成熟与生烃是不匹配的,烃源岩成熟但不生烃,而是形成另外一种成熟的固体有机质。大多数情况是烃源岩为半封闭系统,烃源岩处于欠生烃状态。构造运动形成的断层和裂隙将烃源岩与疏导层沟通,烃源岩迅速由封闭、半封闭系统转变为开放系统。这种生烃系统的转变形成短时间内过量生烃,笔者将这种生烃作用命名为构造生烃,意味着构造运动期即为主生烃期,伴随着多次构造运动可以形成多个幕式生烃高峰。构造生烃理论开拓两个极其重要的勘探领域:第一,新构造勘探。以往认为已经过了生、排烃期的构造得以解放,如渤海湾郯庐断裂带第四纪圈闭不是过了主生烃期,而是正处于构造生烃的过生烃高峰期。以PL19-3为代表的油气运聚强度只有构造生烃能够解释;第二,超深勘探,特别是天然气勘探。深层勘探的下限将大大延伸,生烃门限,特别是生气门限将大大加深,仅生烃而言万米都不是天然气勘探的极限。  相似文献   

2.
为获得性状优良的雨生红球藻藻株,满足雨生红球藻商业化生产的需求。本文探索了不同诱变方式以及不同筛选条件对雨生红球藻的影响,得到了γCo~(60)辐射和离子束诱变处理以及将喹禾灵和达草灭作为筛选压对雨生红球藻的致死率曲线。确定离子束照射时间75s和γCo~(60)辐射300Gy为雨生红球藻的适宜诱变条件。喹禾灵30.0μmol/L以及达草灭0.09mmol/L为雨生红球藻的适宜筛选压浓度。对诱变后藻株与对照藻株进行了生物量、干重以及虾青素含量的比较,最终筛选得到三株性状优良的突变株,生物量较未诱变藻株分别提升了16.2%、13.8%和20.4%,虾青素含量与未诱变藻株相比提升了20.7%、15.5%和6.7%。  相似文献   

3.
作者提出1985.8—1986.7月长江口南岸底栖动物种类组成、污生生态、群落特征和长江口南岸水、底泥和生物中重金属含量,并以污生生态特征和重金属分布特征对该区污染状况作出评价。本文还就各断面的优势类群、多样性指数、生物重金属含量与污染源的关系及长江口南岸底栖动物的污生生态指标种和重金属污染指标种进行了讨论。  相似文献   

4.
近岸区域波流耦合作用的数学模型   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
本文提出了一个讨论近岸波浪和波生流耦合作用的二维数学模型。在波浪场中运用波数矢量无旋和波作用量守恒方程求解波浪在波生流作用下的折射、绕射变形,以辐射应力作为波生流场的驱动力,考虑地转柯氏力和海底底摩擦的作用。文中采用Dingemans(1987)的地形对波流耦合作用进行了分析。数值计算结果表明波流耦合作用对近岸波浪场和波生流场的影响比较显著,在工程实际上应当综合考虑波流耦合问题。  相似文献   

5.
本文利用二维中尺度模式研究了寒潮爆发时,背景风场和下垫面特性对大陆东海岸海岸锋生的影响.数值试验结果表明,海岸锋生主要发生在夜间和地面附近.背景风场为东风时,它有利于海岸低层锋生,背景风场为西风时,它不利于海岸低层锋生,背景风的垂直切变对海岸锋生有着重要的影响.海气温差增加,夜间海岸低层锋生加强.海岸陆地斜坡角较小时,海岸斜坡地形对海岸锋生影响较小.锋生机制分析表明,影响海岸锋生的主要因子是速度水平变形场.  相似文献   

6.
本文分析了曾母盆地析生代地层的沉积特征,认为该盆地以南海退型碎屑沉积和台地型碳酸盐岩为主,沉积相类型丰富、生、储、盖层配置良好,是一重要的含油气盆地。  相似文献   

7.
盐度胁迫下盐生隐杆藻抗氧化防御系统的变化   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
盐生隐杆藻(Aphanothece halophytica)是在饱和NaCl条件下可以生存的少数几种耐盐蓝藻之一,作者研究了盐胁迫对盐生隐杆藻细胞内丙二醛含量、2种非酶抗氧化剂含量以及4种抗氧化酶活性的影响。与对照组相比,低盐胁迫和高盐胁迫都抑制盐生隐杆藻的生长。随着盐度胁迫程度的增加,丙二醛含量、非酶抗氧化剂含量和抗氧化酶(除了过氧化氢酶)活性不断增强。上述结果表明:盐胁迫下,盐生隐杆藻细胞内非酶抗氧化剂和抗氧化物酶水平的增加可以应对细胞内升高的氧化伤害,抗氧化防御系统可能在盐生隐杆藻对盐胁迫的耐受机制中发挥了重要作用。  相似文献   

8.
二次生烃机理在中下扬子高演化烃源岩评价中的应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在野外地质观察、油气地球化学和样品分析的基础上,通过总结二次生烃特征和生烃机理,将其应用到中下扬子区海相高演化烃源岩生烃潜力的评价。模拟实验结果表明,二次生烃具有明显的迟缓现象,也仍具有相对的生烃高峰,二次生烃量与一次生烃量的总和小于连续热演化的生烃量,这些特征都与一次生烃的演化程度密切相关,初始演化程度成为评价高演化烃源岩二次生烃潜力的关键因素。中下扬子区中—古生界发育的6套烃源岩中,下二叠统、下志留统和下寒武统烃源岩具有较强的生烃能力,是主要的烃源层。下古生界烃源岩进入生烃时间较早,在强烈的构造运动背景下,生成的油气难以保存;上古生界烃源岩热演化程度相对较低,燕山—喜山期的再次沉降地区成为二次生烃的供源区。因此,下古生界台地相区和上古生界烃源岩具有一定的二次生烃潜力。  相似文献   

9.
研究了培养液中不同锰离子浓度对斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus)DHD-3 的生长、油脂积累以及脂肪酸组成的影响。结果表明, 培养液中不同初始浓度的锰离子对斜生栅藻早期叶绿素积累和生长会产生一定的调节作用, 过高或过低的锰离子都不利于斜生栅藻细胞内叶绿素的积累、微藻的生长和油脂的积累。经过14 d 培养后, 当初始锰离子的添加量为2.72 mg/L 时, 斜生栅藻的生物量和细胞内油脂含量分别达到2.9 g/L 和细胞干重的55.1%, 细胞内油脂含量比对照组提高了11%; 同时, 单位水体中油脂的产量达到了1.6 g/L, 比对照组提高了14%, 但改变锰离子的初始浓度并不对斜生栅藻脂肪酸的组成产生明显影响。  相似文献   

10.
西湖凹陷中-下始新统宝石组油气地质与勘探潜力   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13  
西湖凹陷是东海陆架盆地油气勘探潜力最好的凹陷之一。通过西湖凹陷宝石一井中下始新统宝石组井震资料,厘定了影响油气资源计算结果较大的关键参数,如烃源岩厚度、有机质油气产率、排聚系数等;建立了构造、沉积、孔隙度与油气生、运、聚模型,编绘了西湖凹陷宝石组生油岩厚度图、有机碳、Ro、生油气强度等值线图;采用BASIMS 4.5盆地综合模拟系统重现了西湖凹陷宝石组的地史、热史、生烃史、排烃史和运聚史,分析了宝石组空间展布特征与生、储、盖、圈、运、保等地质条件,提出并建立了宝石组合油气系统。利用多种方法定量计算的宝石组生烃量和资源量与西湖凹陷已证实的主力烃源岩系平湖组相似,认为宝石组是西湖凹陷又一重要烃源岩及油气勘探目的层系,拥有巨大的油气勘探潜力。  相似文献   

11.
We studied the distribution of microphytoplankton, ciliates and mesozooplankton in relation to environmental factors in the coastal waters around the Kerkennah Islands. Diatom species were more abundant in winter, representing 74% of the total microphytoplankton abundance, whereas dinoflagellate abundance was higher in summer (58%). Naked ciliates dominated during the winter (73%) and loricate ciliates dominated during the summer (67%). Copepods were the most abundant mesozooplankton group present during the entire period of study, comprising 93%–98% of the total mesozooplankton community. The results indicate that (i) species distribution differed significantly between winter and summer, (ii) environmental factors such as temperature, salinity and nutrients influenced plankton assemblages; and (iii) the highest abundance of several pollution indicator species was due to direct exposure to the polluted coast of Sfax and the effect of tidal asymmetries generating nutrient‐rich inputs from the city.  相似文献   

12.
浮游纤毛虫是真核微型生物的重要类群,在浮游生态系统中发挥着重要作用。利用传统形态学与高通量测序技术相结合的方法,于2020年9月至2021年8月对莱州湾三山岛近岸浮游纤毛虫进行每月两次的调查。对环境DNA的18S rRNA基因的V4区进行高通量测序,结果显示无壳寡毛类(占纤毛虫序列丰度的40.14%)和砂壳纤毛虫(10.67%)是优势类群,并且具有明显的季节变化。无壳寡毛类在冬季序列相对丰度最高,主要由急游虫属(Strombidium)和急游虫科未定类群(Strombidiidae_X)组成;砂壳类在春夏季序列相对丰度最高,主要由砂壳目未定类群(Tintinnida_XX)和拟铃虫属(Tintinnopsis)组成。浮游纤毛虫群落的β多样性呈现显著的季节变化,而α和β多样性在站点间差异均不显著。与环境因子的RDA分析显示,总有机碳和溶解氧含量是影响纤毛虫群落结构的主要环境驱动因子。形态学方法共检获鉴定17种纤毛虫,分别隶属于7个属,其中砂壳类在多样性和检获频率上均为最优势类群。研究填补了莱州湾三山岛海域浮游纤毛虫的多样性、群落结构和季节动态研究的空白,同时为深入研究温带海湾近岸浮游纤毛虫群落的长期变化规律以及对环境因子的响应机制提供本底资料。  相似文献   

13.
桑沟湾浮游纤毛虫丰度和生物量分布的季节变化   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
于2011年4、8、10月及2012年1月对桑沟湾进行了浮游纤毛虫丰度和生物量的季节调查。纤毛虫的平均丰度为(7 552±10 979)个/L,范围为408~61 667个/L;纤毛虫的平均生物量(以碳计)为(4.79±5.77)μg/L,范围为0.35~33.09 μg/L。无壳纤毛虫丰度和生物量主要分布在湾内,湾中和湾外丰度相对较低;砂壳纤毛虫丰度和生物量在盐度较高的海区总体较高,呈现朝向外海分布的趋势。纤毛虫丰度和生物量的高值区春季主要出现在湾的西北,夏季向湾中部迁移,秋季主要出现在湾的西南,冬季主要出现在湾的西部,高值区随季节大致呈顺时针迁移的趋势。纤毛虫的丰度春季最高,冬季最低;生物量夏季最高,冬季最低。无壳纤毛虫夏季粒级较大,冬季粒级较小;砂壳纤毛虫壳的平均口径夏季较大,秋季较小。共鉴定出砂壳纤毛虫8属27种,其中拟铃虫属(Tintinnopsis)种数最多。砂壳纤毛虫在纤毛虫总丰度中的比例平均为16.3%±21.9%,夏季最高(36.3%±27.8%),冬季最低(4.9%±5.9%)。纤毛虫丰度与温度、盐度、Chl a浓度及微微型真核浮游生物丰度均没有明显的相关性,但与蓝细菌及异养细菌丰度呈显著的正相关关系。  相似文献   

14.
黄海底栖纤毛虫的群落结构与时空变化   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
采用密度梯度离心结合定量蛋白银染色(Ludox-QPS)方法,对2010年7月和11月获自黄海海域沉积物中的底栖纤毛虫进行了群落结构研究,并结合环境因子进行了分析。结果表明:7月浒苔暴发期间,纤毛虫现存量以北黄海、南黄海近岸和长江口外海域较高,南黄海离岸站位较低;11月的纤毛虫丰度和生物量均明显高于7月,南黄海近岸站位的丰度和生物量较高,且向外海随水深增大呈减少的趋势。11月丰度和生物量前三位的类群与7月一致,前口类丰度所占比例最高,核残迹类生物量所占比例最高。肉食性纤毛虫均是两个月份的最优势摄食类群。11月纤毛虫的物种数、Margalef指数和香农-威纳指数均高于7月,且均以南黄海近岸海域较高,而离岸海域较低;纤毛虫丰度、生物量、物种数、Margalef和香农-威纳指数与底层水温度和沉积物中值粒径呈显著正相关。冷水团对底栖纤毛虫群落结构和分布有一定的影响,且是多个环境因子的共同影响。两个月份纤毛虫群落间的Jaccard相似系数值高于单个月份南北黄海和冷水团内外的系数值,表明黄海底栖纤毛虫的物种组成在季节间的差异可能小于不同海域之间的差异。7月南黄海近岸较高的纤毛虫现存量和多样性表明,浒苔的死亡和降解可能通过级联效应促进了近岸站位纤毛虫的生长。  相似文献   

15.
A rich and diverse bottom ciliate fauna (168 species) was observed in the course of the studies of the subtidal and intertidal zones of the Pechora Sea; 81 of them were encountered for the first time in the Barents Sea region. As compared to the intertidal fauna, the sublittoral ciliofauna featured a higher species diversity but a lower total abundance (32.6 and 20.7 species per station and 10–100 and 2.4–443 ind./cm2 in the subtidal and intertidal zones, respectively). With respect to trophic strategies, raptorial feeders were most abundant in the sublittoral zone (up to 77% of the total biomass), while both raptorial feeders (45%) and upstream filter feeders (36%) dominated in the littoral sediments. In the subtidal zone, two different types of ciliate communities were distinguished according to their total abundance and species composition. The first type is represented by abundant and species-rich communities mainly dominated by large specific interstitial ciliates developed over fine-grained well-sorted sands. The second type of communities joins mainly nonspecific eurybiotic ciliates dwelling over heterogeneous silty sediments; they feature lower abundance and species richness values. The high species diversity, the low abundance or absolute absence of meso-and polysaprobic groups indicating organic pollution, and the high values of the ABC size structure index suggested a good condition of the sediments and biota in the region studied.  相似文献   

16.
The qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the heterotrophic microbial communities (bacteria, flagellates, and ciliates) in the thin water-sediment layer in the Kara Sea are analyzed. The bacterial abundance correlated with the concentration of organic matter, whereas their size depended on the abundance of heterotrophic flagellates. The number of species of heterotrophic flagellates increased with the increase in the bacterial number. A positive relationship between the bacterial abundance and the ration of heterotrophic flagellates was observed at the offshore stations, probably due to the grazing pressure. The density of the ciliates on the soft silty and sandy-silty sediments was extremely low. The share of upstream filter feeding ciliate species increased with the increase in the abundance of the flagellates, probably due to the shift to less selective feeding strategies at higher values of the food concentrations. The classification of the heterotrophic microbial communities in the surface sediment layer has revealed two distinct types of the communities. The river communities are rich in species and are characterized by the high abundance of microorganisms. They are gradually replaced by marine communities at the salinity of 9%.  相似文献   

17.
Ciliates are important components in planktonic food webs,but our understanding of their community structures in different oceanic water masses is limited.We report pelagic ciliate community characteristics in three seas:the tropical West Pacific,the Bering Sea and the Arctic Ocean.Planktonic ciliate abundance had"bimodal-peak","surface-peak"and"DCM(deep chlorophyll a maximum layer)-peak"vertical distribution patterns in the tropical West Pacific,the Bering Sea and the Arctic Ocean,respectively.The abundance proportion of tintinnid to total ciliate in the Bering Sea(42.6%)was higher than both the tropical West Pacific(7.8%)and the Arctic Ocean(2.0%).The abundance proportion of small aloricate ciliates(10–20μm size-fraction)in the tropical West Pacific was highest in these three seas.The Arctic Ocean had higher abundance proportion of tintinnids in larger LOD(lorica oral diameter)size-class.Proportion of redundant species increased from the Arctic Ocean to the tropical West Pacific.Our result provided useful data to further understand ecology roles of planktonic ciliates in different marine habitats.  相似文献   

18.
By using the methods of qualitative and quantitative analysis, the species composition and dominant genus of harmful, ciliates in young abalone culture ponds are studied. Totally 68 species of ciliates, belonging to 3 classes, 16 orders and 46 genus, are found. The dominant ciliate species are Aspidisca leptaspis, Vorticella sp. and Euplotes rariseta. During the young abalone cultivation, the numbers of young abalones increase first,and then show a trend of decreasing. The relationship between the density and composition of ciliates and the density of algae in the young abalone culture ponds is also discussed.  相似文献   

19.
夏季南海北部沙壳纤毛虫种类组成及空间分布   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
2007年8月夏季中国科学院南海海洋研究所南海北部开放航次期间,在北纬18°-22°,东经107°-122°范围内使用"实验三号"科考船进行了水体中沙壳纤毛虫的采样研究,探讨了沙壳纤毛虫的空间分布和种类组成。在36个站位中共鉴定出24属44种沙壳纤毛虫,其中优势种为长形旋口虫Helicostomella longa和根突拟铃虫Tintinnopsis radix,沙壳纤毛虫丰度变化范围为0–2200cell/L,平均丰度为221cell/L,从沿岸向外海方向,沙壳纤毛虫种类和丰度逐渐减少,其中A1站丰度最高(2200cell/L),种类数最多(10)。夏季南海北部沙壳纤毛虫丰度与叶绿素a呈显著正相关,而与温度相关性不明显。夏季南海北部的上升流和珠江冲淡水携带的营养盐刺激了浮游植物的生长,影响着南海北部沙壳纤毛虫的种类组成和空间分布。  相似文献   

20.
K. Vopel  G. Arlt 《Marine Ecology》1995,16(3):217-231
Abstract. The fauna — including macrofauna, meiofauna, and large ciliates — of floating cyanobacterial mats in a brackish shallow-water area was studied by analysing six 20 cm2 pieces of mat. Although these microbial aggregations were scarcely 1 cm thick, their total meiofauna abundance was about five times as high as in the uppermost 4 cm of the adjacent sediment. The mat fauna was dominated by harpacticoids, although large ciliates, rotifers, nematodes, and oligochaetes were also markedly more abundant than in the sediment. All species occurring in the mats were members of the surrounding sediment fauna. Out of the 47 species found, only a few, among them predominantly the harpacticoid, Mesochra lilljeborgi B oeck , 1864, and the nematode Daptonema setosum ( bütschli , 1874), accounted for the majority of the individual abundance in the mats. Both are regularly found in sulphidic biotopes near Hiddensee. As SEM micrographs revealed, the oligochaete Paranais litoralis (O. F. M üller , 1788) and the harpacticoid Cletocamptus confluens (Schmeil, 1894) were apparently optimal substrates for dense lawns of cyanobacteria. This indicates possible close interactions between the meiofauna and these microbiota. The frequent predation of histophagous ciliates on nematodes and harpacticoids, which were probably weakened by oxygen deficiency and/or high sulphide concentrations, were not only a sign of a generally neglected pathway in the food chain, but also impressively emphasized the huge variety of interactions taking place between meio- and microfauna within this specific benthic microcosm. Because of their floating character, the mats can play an important role in the dispersal of benthic fauna.  相似文献   

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