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1.
长江口外近海表层沉积物粒度的级配特性及其意义 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
依据采自长江口外近海的22个表层沉积物样品的粒度分析资料,运用多元统计分析以及粒级对比等方法对沉积物的级配特性及意义进行了研究。结果表明研究区沉积物粒度数据中>6Φ,4~6Φ,<4Φ粒级分别具有不同的特征,因子得分区分别对应长江口泥质区、浙闽沿岸泥质区和粉砂-砂质区。从长江口向南至闽浙泥质带,表层沉积物中值粒径从6.9Ф变为7.2Ф,逐渐变细,符合沉积物“机械分异”规律,并呈连续分布,中间并无明显的间断。通过对粒度分布曲线的对比研究认为:>5Φ(<32μm)粒级沉积物主要是现代陆源沉积物,其中>6Φ(<16μm)粒级相对含量与离物源区距离有很好的相关关系,可能是示踪长江入海沉积物的良好粒级区间;<4Φ(>63μm)粒级沉积物在河口区以外的近海主要来源于陆架残留沉积的改造和再搬运。 相似文献
2.
潮滩位于陆地与海洋相互作用的敏感地带，其沉积环境变化与海岸带生态系统演化、海岸带开发利用等密切相关。为了清晰认识河口潮滩时空变化特征，选取闽江口琅岐岛东侧潮滩作为研究区域，通过采集和分析不同季节表层沉积物粒度组成，探讨琅岐岛潮滩沉积物粒度的时空变化特征，为深刻理解河口潮滩沉积过程对环境变化响应提供科学依据。研究结果表明，琅岐岛潮滩沉积物组成总体以粉砂为主，砂和黏土含量呈现较大的时空差异；时间上，琅岐岛潮滩表层沉积物平均粒径为2.2～7.4Φ，呈现出显著的季节性差异，夏季节沉积物平均粒径Φ值大，冬季节沉积物平均粒径Φ值小，春季和秋季位于过渡期间。空间上，由西向东，随着离岸距离的增加，沉积物平均粒径Φ值总体呈现出先减小后增大的趋势；由北向南，表层沉积物粗颗粒组分的分布范围逐渐增大。闽江口琅岐岛潮滩沉积物分布格局与国内外其他河口、海湾及开放型潮滩沉积物分布格局一致，是物源、水动力和地貌综合作用的结果，但研究区水动力强度、植被覆盖和沉积物供应季节差异显著，引起潮滩沉积物组成的季节变化十分显著，沉积物粒度组成对环境变化响应非常敏感。 相似文献
3.
长江口表层沉积物重矿物在不同粒级中的分布与研究意义 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在粒度分析基础上，以0.5Φ为间距对长江口表层沉积物的不同粒级分样进行碎屑重矿物分析，并对各粒级重矿物特征与广粒级(1.5Φ～6Φ)进行相似度分析。结果表明，长江口沉积物粒度跨度大，从粗砂到泥(黏土)均有分布，粉砂含量高。样内不同粒级分样重矿物含量、种类和组合均有一定变化，样间表现出较一致的规律性。长江口出现碎屑重矿物30种左右，粗粒级分样中矿物种数为10余种，细粒级分样中重矿物种类增至20多种；3.5Φ～4.5Φ是重矿物种类多、矿物成分复杂的粒级区段。粗粒级(粒径大于3Φ)云母族富集，其重矿物组合为云母+角闪石，随粒级变细(粒径小于4Φ)云母急剧减少；闪石族分布粒级广泛，在3Φ～5Φ粒级含量相对较高；帘石族、稳定矿物尤其是金属矿物在粒径小于3.5Φ粒级逐渐增多。长江口重矿物整体组合为普通角闪石+绿帘石+褐铁矿，榍石为特征矿物。相似度分析表明，长江口沉积物样品中主要粒级与广粒级重矿物特征相近，能代表沉积物整体重矿物特征。长江口碎屑重矿物特征深受粒度分布的影响，其矿物种类、矿物组合和矿物指数及其所蕴含的水动力和物源意义都要结合粒度特征来综合分析。 相似文献
4.
通过对胶州湾44个表层沉积物样品粒度组分进行分析,探讨了该区表层沉积物粒度特征和沉积物类型;并以沉积物组分分布和粒度特征为依据对沉积物进行聚类分析,结合其周边河流以及海底地貌分布,对其沉积环境进行了划分。结果表明,研究区沉积物类型主要有砂质粉砂、粉砂、粉砂质砂和泥;沉积物主要粒级为1.1Φ~7.1Φ,优势粒级为5Φ~7Φ,平均值为5.7Φ,粉砂的平均含量达到58.6%,砂、黏土的平均含量为23.6%和17.3%。将研究区沉积环境划为4类:湾顶及东部近岸浅水区域(I),大沽河—洋河水下三角洲区域(Ⅱ),湾西南部及中部深水区域(Ⅲ)和沧口砂脊周边及湾口区域(Ⅳ)。 相似文献
5.
对南海西北部海域416个表层沉积物样品进行粒度和多元统计分析,结果表明研究区沉积物类型复杂,从粗粒级的砾石到细粒级的黏土皆有发育,共分为14种类型。其核心粒级为4Φ~9Φ,占71%,平均粒径范围为0.99Φ~7.44Φ;分选系数为0.54~3.72;偏态范围为-0.32~0.78;峰态范围为0.62~3.92。R型聚类分析结果表明表层沉积物基本上分为粗、细2大类：粗颗粒沉积物由-2Φ~5Φ粒级组成,细颗粒沉积物由6Φ~11Φ组成。R型因子分析结果表明前5种因子累计特征值比例达到89.38%。因子1、因子2和因子3是主导因子：因子1主要由9Φ~11Φ的正载荷和3Φ~4Φ的负载荷组成;因子2主要由6Φ~8Φ的正载荷组成;因子3主要由-2Φ~0Φ的正载荷组成。研究区粗粒沉积物一般在水动力较强的陆架区沉积,其分选较好,物质来源多样;细粒沉积物主要位于水动力弱的海湾、离岸较远的陆架以及陆坡和海盆区,其分选差,物质来源单一。 相似文献
6.
辽东湾表层沉积物粒度分布特征及其地质意义 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
对辽东湾140个表层沉积物进行了粒度分析,探讨了辽东湾表层沉积物的粒度分布特征和沉积物类型的分布格局,结合该区沉积物物源和沉积动力环境,探讨了两者对辽东湾海域沉积过程的控制作用。结果表明,研究区表层沉积物类型以砂质粉砂、砂质泥和泥质砂为主。研究区表层沉积物平均粒径变化范围较大(-0.06～7.42Φ),大多数站位集中在4～6Φ,平均粒径有两侧向中部逐渐变细的趋势。整体上,辽东湾东侧表层沉积物粒度比西侧粗,砂含量明显增加。研究区沉积物主要来源于沿岸河流携带的入海泥沙,而潮流和沿岸流对沉积物的分布起到控制作用。根据沉积物底质类型、物源及区域水动力强弱,将研究区划分为湾顶泥质、西岸砂质、渤海泥质、辽东浅滩砂质以及残留过渡沉积等5个沉积区。 相似文献
7.
本文通过对中太平洋海盆４０多个表层沉积物的分析和研究，根据沉积物中各组分含量、物质来源和成因等特征，把本区表层沉积物分为六种类型。它们分布在不同区域和不同水深范围内。钙质沉积物分布在碳酸钙补偿深度（ＣＣＤ）界面以浅区。硅质粘土、深海粘土等沉积物出现在ＣＣＤ以下水深区，这些沉积物的分布具有明显的垂向分带性和横向分区性。沉积物类型的变化主要受水深与物质来源的控制，南极底层流也有一定的影响。在不同的沉积物中锰结核的丰度、品位、类型等亦有明显的差异。 相似文献
8.
长江口南槽沉积物特征和运移趋势 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
根据2003年9月采集的长江口48个沉积物样品和在该区进行的海岸带调查所测取的沉积物资料分析表明，南槽沉积物渐趋细化。进一步利用Mclaren泥沙输运概率模型分析实测资料，结果发现南槽沉积物自北向南输运入海后，主要转向杭州湾北岸输移。此外，分析长江口不同潮时采集的沉积物粒度特征说明，不同潮时的动力作用下，大潮期间的沉积物粒度参数和物质组成与中、小潮期间相应的沉积物粒度参数及物质组成有所不同，因而对长江口不同时期的沉积物作比较分析时，选择同一湖时的沉积物可能更有意义。 相似文献
9.
东海内陆架表层沉积物粒度及其净输运模式 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据对东海内陆架海底沉积物的粒度测试,运用Gao-Collins"粒度趋势分析"方法,探讨了东海内陆架海底表层沉积物的粒度分布特征和净输运趋势。结果表明,研究区表层沉积物可以分为两类:细颗粒(>5Φ)和粗颗粒(<5Φ);细颗粒分布于研究区的大部分区域,而粗颗粒主要分布在闽江、瓯江等入海河流口门以及马祖等海岛附近;表层沉积物的平均粒径、分选系数、偏态等粒度参数对应性较好,总体特征为粒径越粗,分选越差,偏态更正偏,而粒径越细,分选越好,偏态也较低;粒径趋势分析显示东海陆架表层沉积物的运移模式总体为NE—WS方向运移,而研究区边缘在运移过程中发生向左右两侧的偏移,南部闽江河口区沉积物由近岸向海方向辐射运移,研究区表层沉积物的净输运模式主要受控于流系和地形等多种因素。 相似文献
10.
崎岖列岛海域表层沉积物平均粒径在0.1~0.2mm之间的细砂通常具有较好的分选性,平均粒径细于4Φ的沉积物通常分选性较差;平均粒径在4.5Φ~7.5Φ的沉积物通常表现为正偏态,且粒度越粗,偏度越正偏;平均粒径粗于4Φ的砂质沉积物偏度无显著的正偏或负偏倾向;崎岖列岛海域中值粒径位于4Φ~5Φ的样品数较少,因该粒级位于悬移质与跃移质之间。 相似文献
11.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
12.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
13.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
16.
The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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Coastal inundation associated with extreme sea levels is the main factor which leads to the loss of life and property whenever a severe tropical cyclonic storm hits the Indian coasts. The Andhra and Orissa coasts are most vulnerable for coastal inundation due to extreme rise in sea levels associated with tropical cyclones. Loss of life may be minimized if extreme sea levels and associated coastal flooding is predicted well in advance. Keeping this in view, location specific coastal inundation models are developed and applied for the Andhra and Orissa coasts of India. Several numerical experiments are carried out using the data of past severe cyclones that struck these regions. The simulated inland inundation distances are found to be in general agreement with the reported flooding. 相似文献
19.
Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
20.
Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献