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从1950年起,含琼胶藻类智利江蓠(Gracilaria chilensis)在智利已开发利用,而最近几年中,由于琼胶需求量的增加,导致了天然种类的匮缺。在智利,1982年即开始商业养殖智利江蓠,其产量超过天然种群,1991年(鲜产量约为60000吨)约占总产量的84％。智利传统的商业化江蓠养殖是底播栽培方法即利用0.5千克～1.0千克(湿重)的江蓠断枝,将 相似文献
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当前我国池塘养殖多数仍沿用传统的池塘养殖模式, 普遍存在以下问题: 高密度养殖、饵料大量投喂、池塘水质恶化、病害频发等。然而传统的应对方法主要是大量换水, 由此产生的养殖废水直接排放到临近水域, 已导致污染扩散、水环境恶化、水域富营养化等系列问题。为降低池塘养殖面源污染, 确保池塘养殖业健康可持续发展, 本文介绍了目前运用于修复池塘养殖水环境的生物修复主要方法, 包括: 微生物修复法——微生态制剂和固定化微生物、植物修复、动物修复法、生物膜法、几种生物修复技术的综合运用等方法, 展望了生物修复方法在池塘养殖水环境修复方面的应用前景, 认为池塘养殖生物膜修复法因具有良好且稳定的水质改良、节能减排及增产增效等效果而具有广阔的应用推广前景。 相似文献
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以海水工厂化养殖排出的废水养殖双齿围沙蚕(Perinereis aibuhitensis)、菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes phi-lippinarum)、长牡蛎(Crassostreagigas)和细基江蓠(Gracilariatenuistipitata).结果表明:双齿围沙蚕耐污染能力最强;细基江蓠和双齿围沙蚕具有较强的净化水质能力.养殖废水经7 d处理后,NH4+-N、NoO3--N、NO2--N、PO43--P、COD和底质有机物分别下降至处理前的11.20%、23.69%、27.50%、14.6%、3.2%和0.32%,且沙蚕和江蓠平均日生长率分别为2.30 mg/g·d和80 mg/g·d.该方法不但能净化水质,还能实现养殖废水的循环利用. 相似文献
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海水工厂化养殖废水处理技术进展 总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22
随着海水养殖技术水平的提高和市场需求的扩大 ,近１０年来我国海水工厂化养殖得到了迅速发展 ,由此导致海洋生态环境问题逐渐引起人们的广泛关注。由于养殖海水体系中的初级生产者种类和数量远远不能满足高密度养殖生物的生长需要 ,养殖过程中需投放饵料和化学品 ,作为养殖生物生长的营养和消毒剂等。这样 ,若不对养殖废水加以处理直接排海 ,养殖废水中所含的剩余饵料、化学品残留物、以及富含氮、磷、有机质和毒性物质的养殖生物排泄物会加剧养殖邻近海域海水富营养化程度和水质污染［１ ,２］,并引发有害赤潮等海洋生态环境问题［１８］… 相似文献
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废水养殖螺旋藻研究进展 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
本文探讨了螺旋藻的异养和混合营养生长特性，阐明明了废水养殖螺旋藻的理论依据，综述了国内外利用牛粪稀释液，猪场废水、缫丝厂废水、化肥厂废水、沼气池废液、生活污水等废水配制基来养殖螺肇的研究现状，并展望了废水养殖螺旋藻的应用和研究前景。 相似文献
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细基江蓠繁枝变种与益生菌净化养殖废水的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过室内实验和室外排水沟实验研究了细基江蓠繁枝变种Gracilarla tenuistipitatavar.liui与益生菌(光合细菌Rhodopseudomonas capsulata和芽孢杆菌Bacillus lichenifirmis24h内对集约化对虾养殖废水的协同净化作用。室内实验显示益生菌和细基江蓠繁枝变种对灭菌后的养殖废水有净化作用,净化效果表现为:混合组(江蓠 益生菌)>江蓠组>益生菌组>对照组;室外排水沟实验中江蓠组与混合组都显示对养殖废水的净化有明显作用,但两组之间各项指标(除TN外)差异不显著(p>0.05),而益生菌组与对照组的各项指标之间的差异也不显著(p>0.05)。这并不能否定江蓠与益生菌之间的协同作用,而可能与排水沟水体的异养细菌数高(检出数为104—105CFU.ml-1)有关。 相似文献
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养殖废水的综合利用与无公害化处理排放是实现水产养殖业健康可持续发展的重要保障。作者采用太平洋牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)及龙须菜(Gracilaria lemaneiformis)混养和单养的方式处理大西洋鲑工业化循环水养殖系统排放的废水,设置贝类组、藻类组、贝藻组3组处理,探讨了贝藻混养方式和贝类、藻类单养对废水中主要水质因子(N、P营养盐、化学需氧量(COD)和总悬浮颗粒物(TSS))的处理效率,实验周期为30 d。结果表明,牡蛎和龙须菜混养的方式处理养殖废水效果较好,其对氮、磷营养盐、COD及TSS的去除效率分别为:总氨态氮41.67%±8.82%、硝酸盐氮33.96%±0.34%、总磷7.18%±0.03%、COD 78.87%±1.82%和TSS 70.50%±1.65%,而亚硝酸盐氮出现一定的积累。综合分析,牡蛎和龙须菜混养的方式处理养殖废水的效率优于牡蛎和龙须菜的单独处理。 相似文献
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土壤渗滤处理系统设备简单、投资少、操作管理方便、能耗低,净化效果良好,在处理海岛生活污水领域具有广阔的发展前景.根据鼓浪屿目前污水水质、水量的特点,采用土壤渗滤高度水处理技术对污水进行处理,污染物经过土壤的物理、化学和生物作用,出水达到《城市污水再生利用城市杂用水水质》(GB/T18920-2002),具有不产生污泥,运行简单,氮磷去除效率高,无二次污染等特点. 相似文献
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Removal rate and releases of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in two wastewater treatment plants,Korea
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) play an important role in minimizing the release of many pollutants into the environment. Nineteen congeners in two WWTPs in Korea were determined to investigate the occurrence and fate of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) during wastewater treatment processes. The concentration of total PBDEs was 69.6 and 183 ng/L in influent, which declined to 1.59 and 2.34 ng/L in the final effluent, respectively (Tongyeong and Jinhae WWTPs). PBDEs were found to exist mostly in the particulate phase of wastewater, which rendered sedimentation efficient for the removal of PBDEs. BDE-209 was the predominant congener in the influent and sludge. Most of the PBDEs entering the WWTPs presumably ended up in the sludge, with < 2% being discharged with the final effluent. According to the mass loading estimation, every day 2.55–9.29 g PBDEs entered the two WWTPs, 2.8–10.4 g were disposed to landfill sites in sludge form and 0.06–0.12 g were discharged to the surrounding water through final effluent, respectively. Preliminary results indicated that the ecological risk to organisms in soil exposed to PBDEs through the usage of sludge application to agricultural land was relatively low. To our knowledge, this study is the first to report on the removal efficiency of PBDEs in a WWTP in Korea. 相似文献
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Semi-automated procedures for shoreline extraction using single RADARSAT-1 SAR image 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Coastline identification is important for surveying and mapping reasons. Coastline serves as the basic point of reference and is used on nautical charts for navigation purposes. Its delineation has become crucial and more important in the wake of the many recent earthquakes and tsunamis resulting in complete change and redraw of some shorelines. In a tropical country like Malaysia, presence of cloud cover hinders the application of optical remote sensing data. In this study a semi-automated technique and procedures are presented for shoreline delineation from RADARSAT-1 image. A scene of RADARSAT-1 satellite image was processed using enhanced filtering technique to identify and extract the shoreline coast of Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia. RADSARSAT image has many advantages over the optical data because of its ability to penetrate cloud cover and its night sensing capabilities. At first, speckles were removed from the image by using Lee sigma filter which was used to reduce random noise and to enhance the image and discriminate the boundary between land and water. The results showed an accurate and improved extraction and delineation of the entire coastline of Kuala Terrenganu. The study demonstrated the reliability of the image averaging filter in reducing random noise over the sea surface especially near the shoreline. It enhanced land-water boundary differentiation, enabling better delineation of the shoreline. Overall, the developed techniques showed the potential of radar imagery for accurate shoreline mapping and will be useful for monitoring shoreline changes during high and low tides as well as shoreline erosion in a tropical country like Malaysia. 相似文献
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Extensive shrimp ponds are located next to the landward edges of most of mangrove forests in China. A shrimp pond may influence mangroves by(1) routine effluent between pond and tide, and(2) dredging effluent from pond-dredging at least once a year. Our study consisted of two experiments to study the effects of these two effluents on the seedling growth of Kandelia obovata. One experiment simulated the effects of routine effluents.The other simulated four sedimentation thicknesses(0 cm, 2 cm, 4 cm, 8 cm) over mangrove soils by dredging effluent from pond-dredging, and revealed the cumulative effects of dredging effluents on K. obovata. At each of the three fixed salinities, i.e., 5, 15 and 25, routine effluent did not result in significant differences in each of the measured growth parameters of K. obovata seedlings. However, effects of dredging effluent on seedling growth of K. obovata were related with sedimentation thickness. Most growth parameters showed maximum values at sedimentation thickness 4 cm. The data indicated that K. obovata accelerated its growth under moderate sedimentation thicknesses and it was tolerant and adaptable to shrimp pond-cleaning effluent sediments up to about 8 cm in our experiment. 相似文献
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Hideo Kawai 《Journal of Oceanography》1988,44(1):17-32
This paper reports some results of our experiments of tracking drifters and detailed observations made in the Shinano River effluent in October–November 1970 and May 1971. Using the natural coordinate system under a quasi-steady state assumption, this paper introduces a new entrainment constant, which is really the nondimensional flow normal to an interface between effluent and seawater, and shows a relation that this normal flow is the sum of the nondimensional longitudinal and lateral divergences of the effluent with arbitrarily shaped streamlines. Using the above field data and relationship, this paper proposes the Heartbreak Model with intermittently pinched-off auricles for the effluent. Considerable lateral divergence in the Shinano River effluent is found within 500 m of the river mouth. This causes a loss of available potential energy associated with a steep upslope of the interface downstream and the inward flow normal to the interface. It is also found that the effluent exhibits an asymmetric heart-shaped distribution. The pit near the central axis about 1 km from the mouth is due to the inward normal flow associated with the dominant lateral divergence; enlargement and detachment of auricles on both sides of the pit are due to the outward normal flow associated with the dominant longitudinal convergence. 相似文献
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验潮站的布设和潮位资料应用中若干问题的初步探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文对我国目前验潮站的布设现状进行了评析，并对站址的选择及潮位资料的处理和应用进行了初步探讨。提出了验潮站设置的若干基本原则和潮位观测及资料应用的注意事项，从而对经济建设和科学研究具有一定的意义。 相似文献
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A radioactive tracer was used to map the plume of the effluent of a municipal water treatment plant located on the Tunisian coast, close to the city of Sousse. A sampling campaign was programmed on the basis of the radioactivity distribution. The extent of sediment contamination was investigated to determine the impact of the plant effluent. Organic carbon and organic micropollutants (PCBs and chlorinated pesticides) were analysed on resuspendable particulate matter, on grab and core sediments. The area distributions of different compounds analysed were studied and relationships were investigated between radioactivity and organic carbon and micropollutant data. The study shows that sludge particles are deposited and accumulate in the zone south of the effluent outlet, contaminating sediments. Good correlations were found which demonstrate the efficiency of the technique used to plan the sampling and the link between organic carbon and organic micropollutants. 相似文献
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一种新型经济海藻--冈村枝管藻 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
介绍了1种新型经济海藻冈村枝管藻。阐明了引进新型经济海藻，对进一步发展我国海藻栽培业的经济意义和生态意义，综述了该物种的生物学特性、栽培和加工情况、应用价值，以及作者在这方面初步的研究工作，并展望了在我国发展枝管藻栽培业的前景。 相似文献
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中国多数红树林陆地边缘存在着大量的养虾池塘。这些养虾池塘可通过：（1）换塘外排废水，（2）清塘直排污泥影响周围的红树林。本研究共包含两个实验，来探讨这两种类型的排污对秋茄幼苗生长的影响。实验一模拟虾池常规换塘情况，研究换塘废水对秋茄幼苗生长的影响。实验二设置四种虾池清塘污泥沉积厚度（0 cm，2 cm，4 cm，8 cm），研究虾池清塘污泥的累积效应对秋茄幼苗生长的影响。结果如下：在5，15和25三种盐度下，虾池换塘废水未对秋茄生长指标造成显著影响；而清塘污泥对秋茄生长的影响与其沉积厚度有关，大多数生长参数在污泥沉积厚度为4 cm时呈现最大值。秋茄幼苗在适量的沉积厚度下加速了生长，且本实验秋茄幼苗对虾池清塘污泥的耐受性为沉积厚度8 cm。 相似文献