首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 93 毫秒
1.
对我国河西走廊东端西北内陆干旱区与东部季风区交汇带的石羊河流域三角城古湖泊剖面进行了有机质碳同位素组成、有机碳和碳酸盐含量, 重建了西北干旱区全新世古气候高分辨变化模式。分析结果表明有机质碳同位素组成能灵敏地反映该区湖相地层记录的古气候特征,是一个较好的古气候替代指标。在湿湿期,湖泊水体扩大,生产力高,沉积物中有机物主要是沉水植物供给,δ^13Corg偏重;在干冷期,湖泊水体减小,沉积物中有机质以挺水植物为主,植被不发育,沉积物中有机质含量低,δ^13Corg偏轻。全新世气候演化主要分为4个主要阶段;暖湿期(约10000-5000aB.P.)、温湿期(约5000-3800aB.P.)、凉湿期(约3800-2600aB.P.)、干旱期(约2600aB.P.至今),各阶段中气候快速变化明显。该区的古气候演化与同处于我国东部季风西北边缘的相邻地区有一定的可比,也具有自身的区域特色。  相似文献   

2.
漫灌条件下内蒙孪井灌区土壤水分动态变化特征   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
根据内蒙孪井灌区土壤水分观测资料,本文讨论了漫灌条件下该区土壤水分的动态变化规律.由于观测期间降雨对该区影响很小,主要分析了春灌期、灌溉间隔期和作物生长期土壤水分的变化特点.春灌期,灌溉水主要补给上层砂壤土,对下层土壤的补给相对较小;经过2次灌溉过后,土壤含水率不断升高.就蓄水能力而言,粘砂土的蓄水能力最强,砂壤土次之,灌水后水分主要滞留在这2层.结合灌溉渗漏量分析,研究认为,该区灌溉模式使得灌溉渗漏量较大,造成水资源浪费的同时还会引起地下水位上升,致使灌区下游土壤次生盐渍化加重.因此,采用灌溉量较小的喷灌、滴灌等方式,可以避免产生深层渗漏,节约水资源.  相似文献   

3.
新疆艾比湖湖面波动特征及其原因   总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14  
艾比湖为西北内陆封闭湖泊,湖泊面积变化反映了区域气候环境的变化。通过艾比湖历史时期及近期湖面波动特征研究,对近期湖泊的演化趋势进行了分析。研究认为,近50年来艾比湖湖面经历了两次大幅度变化,20世纪60年代湖泊面积的大幅度萎缩与21世纪初湖泊面积的大范围扩张。近期艾比湖湖面扩展与流域降水增加密切相关,而20世纪60年代湖泊面积的萎缩主要受流域农业灌溉耗水等人类活动的影响。从气候历史演化的角度(没有人类活动作用)分析,类似目前的气候条件,艾比湖湖面以较稳定地保持在1000~1500km^2内较为客观。  相似文献   

4.
环胶州湾海岸线演化与控制因素   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
对胶州湾的研究由来已久,但关于该区海岸线的演化特征和影响因素的研究还较少。通过调查环胶州湾地区海岸线的历史变化情况,探讨影响其演化的各种因素和条件来进一步预测该区海岸线的演化趋势。研究内容包括海岸带区域地质调查、自然与人为作用引起的海岸侵蚀、近岸沉积物的供应与沉积等。研究胶州湾海岸线的演化和影响因素对了解海平面升降规律并预测其变化趋势,保护该区自然条件和海洋以及对周边城市建设,发展城市旅游都有重要的意义。胶州湾海岸线的研究对其他地区的海岸线变化研究也有重要的指导意义。  相似文献   

5.
湖泊沉积物中色素的研究及其环境指示意义   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
湖泊沉积物作为揭示古环境、古气候变迁的最佳载体,它完整地记录了地质历史时期区域气候、植被以及人类活动的演化轨迹。而沉积色素是研究湖泊沉积的重要代用指标,它们对于重建区域初级生产力、反演区域生态环境提供了有用的信息。本文在综述国际上生物色素在湖泊沉积中研究进展的同时,着重阐述了它们在湖泊沉积物中的保存、生物输入源的识别以及对区域生态环境变化的响应等方面的研究动态;讨论了色素在利用湖泊沉积研究环境变化方面的发展前景,指出随着分析技术的发展,沉积色素将在重建古气候、古环境演化方面具有优势。  相似文献   

6.
平衡剖面技术是一种遵循几何守恒原则而反演地质构造演化过程的剖面、亦是恢复重建地质演化历史活动及过程的一种方法,同时也是构造演化定量分析的有效手段.准噶尔盆地西北缘是典型的前陆冲断带,由于其地质条件复杂、地震波速横向变化大等原因,故对该区构造演化及动力学机制研究与油气地质条件的分析一直不能深入进行,因而严重制约了油气勘探进程.针对以上症结所在,从技术层面提出了更好的利用平衡剖面技术进行构造演化恢复的方法,进而为深刻认识该区构造发育史、分析油气运移及聚集规律等提供了依据.通过平衡剖面恢复的结果表明,研究区经历了挤压一伸展 挤压三期构造运动,并由此构成了一个完整的构造旋回.其中,晚二叠世存在一个小幅度的快速挤压期,而三叠纪为整个构造演化中最强烈的构造挤压时期,其对该区构造演化及构造格架形成与油气运聚成藏等均具重要影响和控制作用.  相似文献   

7.
黄河三角洲北部贝壳堤岛的近期演变   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
通过不同年代地形图、卫星影像的对比及野外实地测量等,综合分析了黄河三角洲北部开敞型和潮沟型两类贝壳堤岛近50年来的数量和面积变化及其演化特征。结果表明,该区两类贝壳堤岛自20世纪50年代以来在自然和人为因素的共同作用下发生了明显的变化,但其演化特征因岛屿成因的类型差异而各不相同。目前,该区贝壳堤岛群逐渐萎缩,人类活动已成为影响三角洲北部两类贝壳堤岛发育演变的主导因素,特别是潮沟型贝壳堤岛,基本上结束了自然演化的历史,呈现出新的演化特征。  相似文献   

8.
近2000年来云南洱海沉积记录的气候变化   总被引:14,自引:2,他引:14  
对云南洱海湖泊岩心沉积物进行了多环境指标的分析,建立了近2000a来云南洱海流域气候与环境变化的序列:气候演化具有暖干、冷湿交替的组合特点,不同于东亚季风区黄土沉积记录的冷干-暖湿气候组合特征。一些特征气候阶段如中世纪温暖期、小冰期气候特征在洱海湖泊沉积记录中均有反映。洱海湖泊沉积记录的暖干、冷湿气候交替变化规律反映了西南季风影响下的气候演化特征,具有一定的普遍性。  相似文献   

9.
云南断陷湖泊的形成和晚新生代的沉积及其演化   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
朱海虹 《海洋与湖沼》1991,22(6):509-516
对取自1980—1986年的样品分析表明:云南断陷湖泊自上新世随着区域性隆起断裂拉张形成以来,经历了裂陷早期沼泽、深陷期深水、充填后期浅水的构造-沉积演化阶段,揭示了深水湖泊以重力流为特色;中等水深湖泊横向搬运以重力流、纵向搬运以三角洲为特色;浅水湖泊以河流三角洲为特色的沉积模式。  相似文献   

10.
一、前言在本世纪三十至四十年代,生物生产力和水域营养评价方面的研究,还只是少数湖泊学者和水生生物学者感兴趣的课题。湖泊营养评价的研究只是在渔业范围,或者是为了类型分类的需要而进行的。湖泊发展的历史表明:在湖泊演化期间通常发生营养水平的提高;水域由贫营养型转变至中营养型及富营养型。这个过程发展很缓慢,并且在每种具体情况下的发展速度又取决于湖泊的形态指标及其历史与地理特点。  相似文献   

11.
于升松 《海洋与湖沼》1996,27(2):125-131
根据1985-1987年来1989-1991年对青海湖及其水系的考查资料,研究其化学变化。结果表明,近30年来,青海湖及其入湖河流水系在萎缩过程中,水系总矿化度增加,逐渐咸化。除尕海水的Mg^2+;耳海水的K^+,SO^2-4,CO3^2-;人湖河流水的SO4^2-离子浓度减小外,青海湖、尕海及耳海本中Na^+,Cl^-,SO4^2-离子增加速率较大,Ca^2+,Mg^2+等离子增加速率较小。尕海  相似文献   

12.
Lakes Waihola and Waipori are shallow, coastal, tidal lakes that experience wind‐induced sediment resuspension, saline intrusions, and high inputs of nutrients. To determine the influence of externally‐driven, physical factors on spatial and temporal patterns of water quality in the two lakes, meteorological, hydrological, and water quality data were collected over 1 year. Multivariate analyses indicated that wind energy was driving the main water quality gradient in the lakes, which was primarily related to wind‐induced resuspension of lake sediments. The major, seasonally regulated, non‐tidal freshwater inflow was important in determining nutrient and salinity gradients in the lakes. The main nutrient inputs to the system were identified as the regulated, non‐tidal inflow (the upper Waipori River) and the tidal inflow (lower Waipori River). The impact of water quality gradients on zooplankton community structure in the lakes was assessed by canonical multivariate methods. Salinity gradients, caused by seasonal saltwater intrusions, were strongly related to zooplankton community structure in the lakes. Nutrient gradients (indicative of trophic state) were also related to zooplankton community structure. Although wind‐induced sediment resuspension had the largest impact on water quality in the lakes, it had little impact on the zooplankton community structure in either lake. The relationships between water quality and zooplankton community structure were confounded in Lake Waipori because of its very short hydraulic residence time (annual mean =1.9 days). Zooplankton community structure was resilient to short‐term changes in suspended particulate matter concentrations but not to seasonal changes in salinity. The results of this study support others which have shown impacts of even relatively small variations in salinity on the structure of zooplankton communities. This highlights the vulnerability of zooplankton communities in coastal lakes and wetlands to increasing salinity resulting from sea level rise and global climate change.  相似文献   

13.
本文旨在探讨酸雨对台湾地区湖泊、水库等自然水域酸化的影响程度。主要内容为建立水域酸化程度之资料,以及不PH值湖水中,铝离子释放的情形。  相似文献   

14.
Ecological research has been made for quite a long period in some marine-derived saline lakes in the Vest-fold Hills, Antarctica. The results show distinct succession of zooplankton community in those lakes. The change in community structure of zooplankton is related directly to environmental evolution in nature and the variation of lake conditions, such as physical and chemical factors as well. In the Burton Lake, there is a rather stable annual fluctuation in both temperature and salinity, and the community has probably been in the stage of climax succession. The Fletcher Lake is still undergoing a process by unregular tide flood from nearby bay, so that zooplankton community has been changing due to variance in temperature and salinity.  相似文献   

15.
钱塘江河口盐度数值模拟   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
强潮河口盐水入侵对饮用水源地危害极大。基于平面二维水动力盐度模型, 对典型强潮河口—钱塘江的水动力及盐水入侵过程进行了数值模拟研究。结果表明枯水径流时盐度变化与潮位过程曲线类似, 潮差对盐度大小影响显著, 径流量的增加将逐渐减小其相似程度。当流量增加到一定程度后, 继续增加的一定径流量所产生的抑咸效果减弱, 水资源有效利用率降低, 此时允许水源地盐度超标并改从蓄淡避咸水库取水可有效节约水资源。盐度平面分布显示, 盐水入侵在强潮河口弯道处受涨潮流主流线影响明显, 靠近主流线一岸的盐度大于对岸, 单从盐水入侵角度考虑, 强潮河口弯道段的取水口应设置在远离涨潮流主流线一岸。钱塘江河口盐度数值模拟对于研究减轻盐水入侵对水源地危害的措施具有指导意义。  相似文献   

16.
用水热平衡模型估算青海湖古水文要素及水量平衡   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
秦伯强 《海洋与湖沼》1997,28(6):611-616
根据水热平衡原理,推导了内陆湖泊水位高低(或面积大小)与流域降水及蒸发之间的定量关系,设计了青海湖古水量平衡计算模型。用现在的湖区气象要素及水量收支对模型进行了检验,然后将此模型用于估算全新世稳定暖湿期(7200-6000aB.P.)的青海湖古水文要素及水量平衡。结果显示,在全新世稳定暖湿期,青海湖流域的降水、蒸发及径流比现代高约32%,13%和67%。反映出该地区因气温高、降水增加造成的季风加强使得该地区的水量收支与现代相比有较大的不同。本方法用古湖水位来定量恢复古水文、气候参数,为此可以从古湖泊中提取古气候信息。  相似文献   

17.
Calanoida copepod, Drepanopus bispinosus occurred in both saline lakes, Burton ( S=40) and Fletcher ( S = 56) in Vestfold Hills, Antarctica. Evident differences between two populations in biology and physiology were observed in September and December, 1984. The population in the Burton lake was denser with stronger body and more tolerant to temperature and salinity than that in the Fletcher Lake, reflecting their possible differences of genetic or nongenetic adaptation. The population in the Burton lake has been adaptated to the lake environment, and the population in the Flethcer Lake is in the acclimatization course in the lake habitat.  相似文献   

18.
Sampling of kōura (freshwater crayfish Paranephrops planifrons) to assess population abundance and structure in lakes is often difficult or impractical because of the absence of representative methods. The tau kôura is a traditional Maori method used to catch kôura in central North Island lakes by placing whakaweku (bundles of bracken fern Pteridium esculentum) on the lake bed that kôura then colonise. It has advantages as a monitoring tool over conventional methods, such as baited traps and dive surveys, as it samples all kôura size classes, can be used in turbid waters and at a wide range of depths, and does not require expensive equipment or specialised expertise (e.g., SCUBA). We demonstrate its use to monitor kôura populations in Lake Rotoiti (mean depth 32 m), North Island, New Zealand. Application of the method allowed differences in population size structure to be distinguished between a shallow and a moderate depth site within Lake Rotoiti and to discern seasonal breeding patterns.  相似文献   

19.
Vertical distributions of some chemical substances in the surface sediments of a typical meromictic lake, Lake Suigetsu, were measured. Metallic elements such as iron, manganese, nickel, zinc, copper and chromium showed no significant slopes in vertical direction. While, boron and total sulfur contents in the sediments decreased from the surface to the stratum 35–40 cm, and below which both substances showed no more appreciable changes. From an average sedimentation rate (about 1.1 mm/yr), estimated from the radiocarbon dating of the sediment, the sediments above the stratum 35–40 cm were thought to be deposited after the beginning of the salt water intrusion to the lake by the excavation of a canal in 1665, by which Lake Suigetsu was connected to a polyhaline lake (Lake Kugushi) directly connected to the sea. Vertical distributions of boron and total sulfur in the sediments and also of chlorinity of the interstitial waters seem to correspond to past change in the lake condition from freshwater one to a two-layered system of a deeper salt water covered by a upper freshwater.  相似文献   

20.
青藏高原洞穴次生方解石的裂变径迹年代及地貌学意义   总被引:8,自引:1,他引:7  
古岩溶洞穴中残留的次生方解石晶体可以作为裂变径迹测年的材料。通过测定遍及青藏高原的20组洞穴次生方解石晶体的裂变径迹年代,结果表明,晚第三纪青藏高原的古岩溶过程和缓慢构造抬升过程相伴进行,其间大约10MaB.P.、12MaB.P.和19MaB.P.时溶穴次生化学沉积较为发育。由于地表切割程度的差异,晚第三纪岩溶过程在高原南部较为强烈,相对于第四纪期间的强烈抬升来说,高原晚第三纪的抬升速率较为缓慢,  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号