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洞头近海养殖水域沉积物碳含量空间分布格局 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《应用海洋学学报》2015,(4)
为揭示近海养殖活动在碳埋藏中的作用,对洞头近海3个不同养殖年份(2、10、30a)的紫菜养殖区沉积物总有机碳(TOC)、总无机碳(TIC)、水溶性有机碳(WSOC)及水溶性无机碳(WSIC)含量的空间分布格局进行了研究.近岸养殖区沉积物TOC、WSOC含量高于远岸.沉积物柱样中TOC含量在上层0~20 cm最高,而WSOC含量在下层40~60 cm最高.不同养殖年份的养殖区沉积物WSOC含量有显著差异,最高值出现在养殖30a的水域.近海养殖水域沉积物碳库中TIC含量高于TOC含量,TIC含量占总碳(TC)含量的58%,远岸TIC含量高于近岸.沉积物水溶性碳库以有机碳形式为主,WSOC含量占总水溶性碳库的73%.研究表明,洞头近海紫菜养殖区沉积物中不同形态碳含量的空间分布格局有一定差异,无机碳特别是深层无机碳对近海沉积物中碳的长期固定贡献较大. 相似文献
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对虾养殖生态系中有机碳的初步研究本研究由 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对于围隔养殖对虾生态系中有机碳的变动进行了研究 ,结果表明 :溶解有机碳 (DOC)含量波动在 5 .2 99～ 13.39mg/ L之间 ,平均为 8.5 3mg/ L± 2 .2 5 mg/ L;颗粒有机碳 (POC)含量波动在0 .6 5～ 6 .6 3mg/ L之间 ,平均为 3.2 5 mg/ L± 1.76 mg/ L;总有机碳 (TOC)含量波动在 6 .92～ 2 0 .0 2mg/ L之间 ,平均为 11.78mg/ L± 3.82 mg/ L ;其中 DOC∶ POC∶ TOC为 0 .72∶ 0 .2 8∶ 1。各种有机碳组分的含量明显高于自然海水中各种有机碳的含量 ;各种有机碳组分的含量在养殖期间总体上呈上升的趋势 ;其变化与 DCOD的变化呈显著线性正相关的关系。 相似文献
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铜在牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)组织蓄积、分配及排放的研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
采用暴露实验方法 ,研究了海水中Cu在牙鲆 (Paralichthysolivaceus)内脏、肌肉、鳃组织内吸收、积累和排放规律 ,海水中总有机碳 (TOC)浓度、配体种类对铜吸收的影响及其与海水表观络合容量 (ACuCC)的关系。结果表明 ,Cu浓度为 0 .5mg/L时 ,各组织内Cu蓄积量随暴露时间增加而增大 ,第 1 3天均达吸收平衡 ,此时Cu蓄积量 (mg/kg)为内脏 971 .89>肌肉 2 0 4 .99>鳃 90 .0 4。染毒 1 3天牙鲆在清洁海水中排放结果表明 :随排放时间增加各组织Cu蓄积量下降 ,第 8天接近排放平衡。此时各组织Cu排出率为 :肌肉 89% >鳃 86.5 % >内脏团 83.7%。海水中TOC浓度、种类对牙鲆Cu蓄积有明显影响 ,当TOC浓度相同时 ,孔石莼分泌物比牙鲆分泌物更能降低Cu在牙鲆组织内吸收和蓄积量 ;当TOC种类相同时 ,随TOC浓度升高 ,各组织铜蓄积量均明显下降 ,表明海水TOC能降低牙鲆组织对Cu的吸收和积累。ACuCC随TOC浓度增加有明显上升趋势 ,并与TOC浓度呈线性相关。 相似文献
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提出了一种现场、快速分析海水中有机碳特性的方法。对臭氧与海水中有机碳发生氧化反应过程中产生的化学发光动力学曲线特征进行了研究。利用原理试验样机获取了化学发光动力学曲线,根据动力学曲线分析了海水中对应的有机碳含量和有机碳组成特征,例如难氧化有机物所占比例、中等稳定有机物所占比例、易氧化有机物所占比例等性质。通过与现有检测方法相比较,验证了使用臭氧氧化发光分析方法分析海水有机碳含量以及组成特征的有效性。根据实验中得到的不同区域海水化学发光动力学曲线特征有很大特异性的现象,提出了建立海水中有机碳特征编码"有机碳指纹"的概念。 相似文献
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于2008年2月(冬季)、5月(春季)、8月(夏季)和11月(秋季)对流沙湾进行了4次采样调查,研究分析了流沙湾海水中总有机碳的空间分布和季节变化特征,并探讨了TOC与温度、盐度、pH、叶绿素a和底泥TOC之间的相关关系.结果发现,在2008年度流沙湾海水TOC的浓度为0.992 ～ 5.437 mg/L,平均值为2.414 mg/L,呈现春季＞夏季＞秋季＞冬季的变化趋势,整个流沙湾海域海水TOC的平面分布相对比较均匀,表层稍大于底层.在内外湾分布上,冬、夏季节内湾TOC大于外湾,而春、秋季节外湾大于内湾;在垂直分布上,冬、夏和秋季表层大于底层,而春季底层大于表层;在地域分布上,冬、夏季节从流沙镇一侧海域到西联镇一侧海域逐渐减小,秋季变化趋势相反,春季时,两侧无明显变化.相关关系的分析结果表明,流沙湾海水TOC与温度、pH呈现出正相关关系,与温度的相关关系较为显著,与盐度则呈现不显著的负相关关系;与叶绿素a存在一定的相关关系,在叶绿素a浓度小于2.6μg/L,两者呈现正相关关系,而在叶绿素a浓度大于2.6 μg/L,两者呈现负相关关系;与底泥TOC呈现出了一定的正相关关系. 相似文献
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双台子河口水体有机碳分布特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
于2011年5月和8月通过研究双台子河口水体溶解有机碳(DOC)、颗粒有机碳(POC)和化学耗氧量(COD)的分布特征,阐述双台子河口水体有机碳的河口过程及其影响因素,并探讨总有机碳(TOC)和COD表征河口有机污染的区域性和季节性特征。研究表明:2011年5月双台子河口DOC、POC和COD含量范围分别为4.04~5.06mg/L(平均4.60mg/L)、2.93~10.85mg/L(平均7.01mg/L)和5.65~14.07mg/L(平均9.04mg/L);8月分别为10.87~46.04mg/L(平均26.75mg/L)、0.88~17.27mg/L(平均4.16mg/L)和2.42~67.62mg/L(平均17.85mg/L)。DOC、POC和COD的含量由河到海总体呈现逐渐降低的趋势,双台子河口不同区段DOC、POC和COD的时空分布,及其主要和次要影响因素具有一定的差别。有机碳来源和海水的稀释作用是影响双台子河口有机碳分布的主要因素,现场生物生产和悬浮颗粒物影响较小。双台子河口水体中TOC和COD呈现线性不显著正相关关系,二者关系的季节差异显著。 相似文献
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南沙群岛西部海域两柱状沉积物中碳和氮的分布和来源特征及埋藏通量估算 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
对位于南沙群岛海域西部近大陆架-残留沉积区(NS01站)和深海沉积区(NS02站)的2个沉积物柱状样进行了研究,测定了它们的粒度组成、CaCO3含量、总有机碳含量(TOC)、总碳含量(TC)、总有机物含量(TOM)和总氮含量(TN),估算了它们的埋藏通量及陆/海源TOC和TN的相对含量.结果表明,该海域沉积物主要是粒径小于63μm的细粒度组分,粒度组成随深度的变化很小.沉积物粒度不是控制CaCO3含量、TOC、TC、TOM、TN和TOC/TN垂向变化的主要因素.NS01站CaCO3含量、TOC、TC、TOM和TN的含量及埋藏通量均低于NS02站.NS01站TOC/TN随深度的变化主要受控于TN的变化,而NS02站则主要受控于TOC的变化.2个研究站位的TOC和TN均以海洋自生为主,NS01站沉积物中海洋自生TOC和TN的平均值分别为53.2%和81.4%,NS02站沉积物中海洋自生TOC和TN的平均值分别为64.5%和87.7%. 相似文献
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Aquaculture of bluefin tuna in Mediterranean coastal waters has generated growing concern about the negative environmental effects. In the present isotopic study we examined the dispersal and fate of organic matter derived from a Mediterranean tuna farm in the surrounding environment. An overall enrichment in the heavy nitrogen isotope was found in the feed and in farmed tunas, indicating the input of isotopically traceable organic matter in the system. Waste was clearly traceable in the water column up to 1000 m from the cages, while only slight accumulation occurred in the sediment just below the cages. Waste was isotopically shown also to contribute to the diet of demersal and benthopelagic wild fish collected around the cages. As a result, waste undertook multiple pathways. In the water column its was diluted and dispersed due to hydrodynamism, which prevented great accumulation of aquaculture-derived organic matter in sediments. In addition, biological constraints such as benthopelagic and demersal fish further prevented organic matter accumulation through the benthic trophic route. 相似文献
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Molecular organic biomarkers together with trace element composition were investigated in sediments east of Barrow Canyon in the western Arctic Ocean to determine sources and recycling of organic carbon in a continuum from the shelf to the basin. Algal biomarkers (polyunsaturated and short-chain saturated fatty acids, 24-methylcholesta-5,24(28)-dien-3β-ol, dinosterol) highlight the substantial contribution of organic matter from water column and sea-ice primary productivity in shelf environments, while redox markers such as acid volatile sulfide (AVS), Mn, and Re indicate intense metabolism of this material leading to sediment anoxia. Shelf sediments also receive considerable inputs from terrestrial organic carbon, with biomarker composition suggesting the presence of multiple pools of terrestrial organic matter segregated by age/lability or hydrodynamic sorting. Sedimentary metabolism was not as intense in slope sediments as on the shelf; however, sufficient labile organic matter is present to create suboxic and anoxic conditions, at least intermittently, as organic matter is focused towards the slope. Basin sediments also showed evidence for episodic delivery of labile organic carbon inputs despite the strong physical controls of water depth and sea-ice cover. Principal components analysis of the lipid biomarker data was used to estimate fractions of preserved recalcitrant (of terrestrial origin) and labile (of marine origin) organic matter in the sediments, with ranges of 12–79%, 14–45%, and 37–66% found for the shelf, slope, and basin cores, respectively. On average, the relative preserved terrestrial organic matter in basin sediments was 56%, suggesting exchange of organic carbon between nearshore and basin environments in the western Arctic. 相似文献
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辽河口芦苇湿地土壤有机碳的积累特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过研究辽河口芦苇湿地土壤有机碳、石油类、阴离子表面活性剂(LAS)、多环芳烃(PAHs)及脂肪酸的垂直分布特征,探讨了不同来源有机物在芦苇湿地的埋藏和降解规律.土壤样品采集于2009年3月,研究发现,有机碳含量范围为0.3％～9.3％,石油烃含量范围为19.04～482.31mg/kg(干重)之间,LAS含量范围为0.84～19.28mg/kg(干重),PAHs含量范围为2.59～4.40 mg/kg(干重).总脂肪酸含量范围为5.72～190.69mg/kg(干重).表层有机碳含量丰富,来源广泛.辽河油田不同年代的采油环保措施可能是芦苇湿地土壤中石油类聚集量多寡的主要因素,芦苇根际的调控调节作用和微生物的选择性降解也对土壤石油类化合物分布起到重要作用.LAS含量从土壤表层向下迅速降低了67.0％,是所研究有机物中降解最迅速的一种.PAHs自表层至底层没有明显的变化趋势.细菌是辽河芦苇湿地土壤有机碳再生产的主要承担者,在次表层以下,细菌生产所利用的有机碳主要来自现场的生产. 相似文献
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太湖水体光学衰减系数的特征及参数化 总被引：34，自引：3，他引：34
利用2001-2002年周年太湖全湖不同湖区湖泊光学及表层水样的实测资料，分析了太湖水体表层光学衰减系数与透明度、无机和有机颗粒物质及叶绿素a的相关关系，建立了表层水光学衰减系数与无机、有机颗粒物质及叶绿素a多元线性回归方程。结果表明，光学衰减系数与透明度的关系为：Kdg0.096 1.852/ST；表层水光学衰减系数与无机、有机颗粒物质及叶绿素a多元线性回归方程为：Kd=0.219 0.0768Ciss 0.214Cdet 0.006Cchl；光学衰减系数变化的主要影响因子是无机及有机颗粒物。 相似文献
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Vertical accretion in tidal marshes is necessary to prevent submergence due to rising sea levels. Mineral materials may be more important in driving vertical accretion in tidal freshwater marshes, which are found near the heads of estuaries, than has been reported for salt marshes. Accretion rates for tidal freshwater marshes in North America and Europe (n = 76 data points) were compiled from the literature. Simple and multiple linear regression analyses revealed that both organic and mineral accumulations played a role in driving tidal freshwater marsh vertical accretion rates, although a unit mass of organic material contributed ∼4 times more to marsh volume than the same mass input of mineral material. Despite the higher mineral content of tidal freshwater marsh soils, this ability of organic matter to effectively hold water and air in interstitial spaces suggests that organic matter is responsible for 62% of marsh accretion, with the remaining 38% from mineral contributions. The organic material that helps to build marsh elevation is likely a combination of in situ production and organic materials that are deposited in association with mineral sediment particles. Regional differences between tidal freshwater marshes in the importance of organic vs. mineral contributions may reflect differences in sediment availability, climate, tidal range, rates of sea level rise, and local-scale factors such as site elevation and distance to tidal creeks. Differences in the importance of organic and mineral accumulations between tidal freshwater and salt marshes are likely due to a combination of factors, including sediment availability (e.g., proximity to upland sources and estuarine turbidity maxima) and the lability of freshwater vs. salt marsh plant production. 相似文献
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深入理解气候变化影响下海洋动力过程变化及其多重环境效应,是了解海岸海洋系统未来演化趋势的重要途径。因此,本文在辽东半岛东岸泥质区取柱状样一根,通过沉积物粒度、TOC/TN含量、δ13C以及δ15N等指标,分析气候变化下山东半岛北岸跨锋面物质输运强度变化,及其对辽东半岛东岸泥质区沉积有机质含量和来源的影响。结果表明,高海面时期以来,山东半岛北岸跨锋面物质输运可分为两个变化阶段：6.5～2.9 cal ka BP,其强度随冬季风和黄海暖流的不断减弱而减弱;2.9 cal ka BP至今,由于冬季风较弱而黄海暖流总体强盛,其强度随黄海暖流的波动而呈现4段式的复杂变化。此外,辽东半岛东岸泥质区陆源和海源有机质含量与其强度呈正相关,相应于跨锋面物质输运强度的变化,6.5～2.9 cal ka BP期间,陆源和海源有机质含量持续减少,而2.9 cal ka BP至今则呈现复杂的4段式变化。总体上看,自6.5 cal ka BP以来,陆源有机质贡献率不断下降而海源有机质贡献率逐渐上升。 相似文献
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沾化凹陷复式生烃系统及其对油气成藏的控制作用 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
陆相断陷盆地油气勘探实践证明,丰富的油气资源与富含有机质的生烃洼陷具有十分密切的关系。陆相断陷湖盆多沉降中心、多物源和充填演化的多旋回性,形成了多套生油层系和多种油气储集相带组合,并在空间上形成了多个含油气系统。油源对比表明沾化油区存在5种不同地球化学特征的原油,常形成“一源多藏”和“多源一藏”的单源或混源组合特点,它们分别来自沙四上段烃源岩、沙三段烃源岩、沙一段烃源岩,以及来自沙四上段与沙三段混源和来自沙三段与沙一段混合。由不同地球化学特征的烃源岩层组成的复式生烃系统所形成的油气藏在空间分布上具有一定的规律性。复式生烃系统的特点控制了复合含油气系统的形成和分布。 相似文献
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França S Vasconcelos RP Tanner S Máguas C Costa MJ Cabral HN 《Marine environmental research》2011,72(4):204-215
Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes (δ13C, δ1?N) were used to analyse food web dynamics of two of the main estuaries of the Portuguese coast: Tejo and Mira. The ultimate sources of organic matter supporting production of some of the most abundant and commercially important fish species were determined; and seasonal, inter- and intra- estuarine differences in the trophic relations among producers and consumers were identified. Stable isotope analysis was performed in different producers, primary consumers (main prey items for fish) and fish species (Solea solea, Solea senegalensis, Pomatoschistus microps, Dicentrarchus labrax, Liza ramada, Diplodus vulgaris and Atherina presbyter) of two areas in each estuary, in July and October 2009. Model calculations showed that the main prey for the fish species in the Tejo estuary used mostly salt marsh-derived organic matter as nutritional sources, with no marked differences between the sampled months. Trophic levels of fish species from the same estuary differed at multiple scales: inter-species, seasonally and spatially (both between and within estuaries). Significant differences in isotopic composition of fish species were more pronounced spatially (between the two sampled areas in the estuary) than seasonally (between sampled months). Trophic relationships in both estuaries demonstrated that organic matter is transferred to higher trophic positions mainly through benthic pathways. This shows the flexibility of these species to share resources and to exploit temporary peaks in prey populations. The present results showed that extensive disturbance in intertidal habitats from both estuaries may potentially change the balance of organic matter in the base of these complex food webs. 相似文献
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金顶铅锌矿床油气地球化学特征及其成矿作用探讨 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
金顶铅锌矿区上三叠统三合洞组角砾状灰岩为其主要容矿岩层 ,最近在与金顶矿床共生的灰岩角砾岩、深灰色泥晶灰岩和灰色云化灰岩中发现多层稠油储层及油气包裹体。包裹体烃类地球化学研究表明存在多源性母质输入 ,油气母源类型以藻类及细菌等微生物贡献为主 ,沉积水体介质为高盐度、较强还原环境 ,源岩演化处于低成熟～成熟。铅锌金属与稠油的共生、金属硫化物的有机生物硫特征、有机质富集地区矿化强烈等均表明有机质与金属成矿存在相互作用。按照不同世代有机质与金属成矿作用机理 ,本区有机成矿以配合作用及吸附、还原作用为主 ,有机质的存在增加了铅锌离子的溶解度 ,促进了铅锌金属离子的迁移和富集 ,有利于产生铅锌金属沉淀的还原环境。 相似文献