共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 484 毫秒
1.
2.
真风对海上航行的船舶有重要的气象导航意义,若真风测算不准确,会给导航员造成误判,影响船舶安全航行,但在船舶等运动平台上真风无法直接测量,只能依靠矢量模型计算间接获取。根据真风解算模型和误差传播规律,推导了船舶真风误差模型。在矢量模型中,航行船舶真风误差主要来自于船风和相对风的计量误差,船风的计量误差主要是由于航速航向的选取问题导致的误差,相对风的测量误差主要包括传感器自身精度、安装误差、平台姿态影响和系统性干扰误差等几个方面。以船舶转向过程为例,分析了航行风与相对风的变化规律,结合船体运动姿态,加入运动补偿修正量,建立了船舶转向式真风补偿模型。 相似文献
3.
随人工智能技术发展，智能船舶因其无人化、智能化的特点而与传统国际法律制度产生碰撞。当前，国际海事组织将制定“海上自主水面船舶规则”工作提上日程，航行安全问题作为其中的高度优先事项，受到各国广泛关注。船舶适航作为承运人的主要义务之一，是保障航行安全的先决条件。但智能船舶是否需要符合适航标准，如果适用会产生哪些法律障碍并如何解决等诸多问题亟待研究。对此，应修订《国际海上避碰规则》并明确智能船舶适船技术标准，明确岸基操作人员的法律地位并制定其资格取得、培训、值班标准，明确安全配员标准及需船员在船承担的职责的履行方式。 相似文献
4.
当船舶在冰区航行时,螺旋桨会与海冰相互碰撞并导致桨叶的变形和损坏,进而影响船舶的航行安全。为研究海冰与螺旋桨的相互作用过程,采用离散元(DEM)—有限元(FEM)耦合方法构建海冰—螺旋桨切削模型。海冰和螺旋桨模型分别采用具有黏结—破碎特性的球体离散单元和8节点六面体有限单元构造。基于该DEM-FEM耦合模型讨论了不同切削深度下,螺旋桨所承受冰载荷的特点和规律;最后,研究了螺旋桨切削海冰过程中进速系数、推力系数、扭矩系数之间的对应关系,并讨论了海冰—螺旋桨相互作用过程中冰压力、Mises应力和变形的分布特点。以上研究可为寒区船舶安全航行和螺旋桨设计提供有益的参考。 相似文献
5.
极地船舶在冰区航行中经常与各种类型的海冰发生不同程度的碰撞，充足的疲劳强度储备至关重要。本文提出了基于实测冰载荷的极地船舶结构冰激疲劳的累积损伤分析方法。以“雪龙”号极地考察船为研究对象，通过对我国第8次北极科学考察中的冰厚和航速等现场测量数据进行统计分析，在冰厚0.5～2.5 m、航速2～12 kn范围内构造冰激疲劳工况，并将二者的联合概率分布作为疲劳工况的发生概率；基于支持向量机方法反演识别出典型工况下的冰载荷时程，通过动力学分析确定关键位置及相应的热点应力，并采用雨流计数法统计应力循环次数；最后通过S-N曲线和Miner线性累积损伤理论进一步计算该航次内的疲劳损伤度，验证了“雪龙”号在冰区航行的安全性。本文对极地船舶结构的抗冰设计和安全评估具有一定的参考意义。 相似文献
6.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2016,(9)
针对水面无人艇路径规划中单独使用模拟退火算法存在的不足,以提高无人艇在执行任务时的安全性为研究目的,解决传统无人艇在航行中未考虑来往船只而导致的碰撞危险,提出了模拟退火算法与粒子群算法相结合的混合路径规划算法,利用该算法的高收敛性和容易跳出局部最优等特点,结合避碰规则,实现海事无人艇在同一静态环境下对遇、交叉和追越三种会遇局面的最优路径规划。仿真结果表明:本文提出的算法可以实现无人艇在复杂水域条件下快速路径规划,使与他船的自动避碰行为成为可能,给出的路径规划具有可行、有效,能够为无人艇安全的航行、顺利的执行任务提供保障。 相似文献
7.
随着全球经济的快速发展，海上运输由于其运力大、运费低而变得更具实用性。然而，这也意味着在海上航道行驶的船只正变得越来越多，这将导致在复杂的海洋环境中航海船只发生事故的可能性会很高。据相关历史的统计，在海域中航行缺乏高精度导航数据会导致大量事故，这种累积的事故信息可以被用来提高航海的安全性。本文通过将蕴含在AIS (Automatic Identification System) 大数据中的经验导航信息挖掘出来，以辅助实现复杂海事环境下安全可靠的船舶路径的生成。本文提出了一种基于大数据自动生成船舶路径的新方法。该方法首先在大量船舶轨迹上通过DBSCAN (Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise) 聚类形成不同的轨迹矢量簇。然后，迭代计算轨迹矢量簇的中心线，并从这些中心线之间的节点-弧段拓扑关系来构建航道网络。最后，基于航道网络来实现船舶路径的生成，对于航道网络未覆盖的海域，则通过海洋环境风险栅格的路径规划来实现船舶路径的生成。不同海域不同AIS数据集进行的多次实验结果表明，本文提出的船舶路径生成方法是有效性。 相似文献
8.
针对船舶与中空夹层钢管混凝土（CFDST）导管架平台碰撞问题，利用ABAQUS/Explicit非线性有限元软件建立中空夹层钢管混凝土导管腿导管架数值模型，对船舶碰撞进行数值模拟，对比分析1 m/s、2 m/s和3 m/s的3种碰撞速度下工况下导管架抗碰撞性能、耗能及损伤。从碰撞力、碰撞区域变形以及导管架能量耗散等方面详细研究中空夹层钢管混凝土导管腿作用下导管架整体的损伤模式和动力响应。结果表明：CFDST导管架在船舶碰撞荷载作用下主要由CFDST导管腿耗能，有效控制了结构整体位移变形，提升了整体刚度，有效发挥平台各构件之间组合耗能，结构抗碰撞能力得到明显提升。 相似文献
9.
本文基于船舶在流场中航行的理论及潮流场对船舶作用的原理,对给定航线的潮流状况结合主机油耗作数值计算,提出了航行船舶利用潮流能节约能源的初步研完成果。 虽然潮流能的品位低于潮汐能,但它用于航行船舶节能有显著实效,在开发利用海洋能方面有其实际意义。 相似文献
10.
为有效对港区大气污染进行治理、分析船舶尾气,本文详细介绍了一种基于高斯烟羽模型,通过MATLAB模拟仿真模型,其包括实验仿真过程、技术原理及理论模型对船舶尾气扩散进行的研究。该模型是在传统的高斯烟羽模型的基础上,通过对实源像源进行加权选择输入参数;通过矢量合成确定了气体扩散的方向,利用合成后的"风速"进行计算仿真,有效模拟了船舶尾气在港区或者海洋环境中的气体扩散模型。其模型简单且可以有效模拟船舶尾气扩散。并且进一步对后续模型的精确优化进行分析。 相似文献
11.
As the number of ships for marine transportation increases with the globalisation of the world economy, waterways are becoming more congested than before. This situation will raise the risk of collision of the ships; hence, an automatic collision avoidance system needs to be developed. In this paper, a novel approach based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is proposed for automatic collision avoidance of multiple ships particularly in restricted waters. A training method and algorithms for collision avoidance of ships, incorporating ship manoeuvrability, human experience and navigation rules, are presented in detail. The proposed approach is investigated not only by numerical simulations but also by model experiments using three self-propelled ships. Through the systematic numerical and experimental validation, it is demonstrated the developed approach based on the DRL has great possibility for realising automatic collision avoidance of ships in highly complicated navigational situations. 相似文献
12.
Resistance and propulsion characteristics of various commercial ships based on CFD results 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
This paper uses computational tools to examine the speed performance of various types of commercial ships including resistance and propulsion characteristics. Eight commercial ships built in the last decade were selected for the study. They include four large-sized container carriers, one bulk carrier, one VLCC, and two LNG carriers. The Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equation has been utilized, and the computations were executed under the same conditions of the model tests to predict the speed performance, i.e., resistance and self-propulsion. The self-propulsion point was obtained from load-varying tests. The speed performance was predicted based on the model-ship performance analysis method of the revised ITTC’78 method. The limiting streamlines on the hull, wave characteristics around the model ship, and the wake characteristics on the propeller plane were also investigated. After completing the computations, a series of model tests were conducted to evaluate the accuracy of the computational predictions. The predictions clearly reveal the differences in the resistance and propulsion characteristics regarding the various types of commercial ships, and may be applicable to hull-form design. 相似文献
13.
Ice resistance prediction is a critical issue in the preliminary design of ships navigating brash ice conditions, which is closely related to the safety of a ship to navigate encounter brash ice, and has significant effects on the kinds of propellers and motor power needed. In research on this topic, model tests and full-scale tests on ships have thus far been the primary approaches. In recent years, the application of the finite element method (FEM) has also attracted interest. Some researchers have conducted numerical simulations on ship–ice interactions using the fluid–structure interaction (FSI) method. This study used this method to predict and analyze the resistance of an ice-going ship, and compared the results with those of model ship tests conducted in a towing tank with synthetic ice to discuss the feasibility of the FEM. A numerical simulation and experimental methods were used to predict the brash ice resistance of an ice-going container ship model in a condition with three concentrations of brash ice (60%, 80%, and 90%). A comparison of the results yielded satisfactory agreement between the numerical simulation and the experiments in terms of both observed phenomena and resistance values, indicating that the proposed numerical simulation has significant potential for use in related studies in the future. 相似文献
14.
舰船目标检测是进行海上目标监管,保障海上权益的重要手段。本文在SSD（single shot multibox detector）算法的基础上,利用残差网络（ResNet,residual network）作为骨干网络构建SSD模型,将改进后的SSD算法应用于卫星视频舰船目标检测,该算法采用残差连接替换原本的级联方式,加强前后特征之间的联系,减少模型参数,在保证检测精度的同时提高检测速度。在本文构建的数据集上进行实验,结果表明,改进后的SSD算法在测试集上的均值平均精度（mAP,mean average precision）为93%,比原始SSD算法提高了5.31%,充分证明了该方法对于提升SSD模型性能的有效性。使用“吉林一号”视频03星图像进行验证,结果表明,该算法能够较准确地检测到舰船目标,可为海上复杂环境条件下的舰船实时检测提供参考。 相似文献
15.
The Tianjin Port is the largest man-made port in China.Since the navigation channel of the Tianjin Port is constructed by dredging,a very important problem,as many people concerned,is the submarine slope stability.As the environment on land is different from that in submarine,it is necessary to evaluate the influence of the environmental loading,such as wave and tide,on the stability of navigation channel slope.In the present study,based on the observed results,the characteristics of the navigation channel slope are summarized,and the causes of creating the special slope shape are analyzed.The roles of waves and tides are evaluated,and failure mechanics are discussed to helq us predict what will happen in the future. 相似文献
16.
Ken-ichi Uzaki Nobuhiro Matsunaga Yasuhiro Nishii Yoshito Ikehata 《Ocean Engineering》2010,37(2-3):155-163
Long-period oscillations of moored ships whose periods are about 1 or 2 min cause many troubles in many ports and harbours. It is necessary to investigate these phenomena and verify their causes and countermeasures in each case because they are strongly dependent on the environment of each port and harbour. From this point of view, long-period oscillations of moored ships in the Port of Shibushi in Japan were investigated by means of wave observations, the image processing of moored ship motions using the video camera and motion-capture software and numerical simulations. From observation results, the relationship between offshore long-period waves and long-period oscillations of moored ships was recognized and surge and heave amplitudes were quantified by using wave data in order to forecast moored ship motions. Furthermore, from observation and numerical results, it was revealed that long-period waves with the peak period of 120 s from the offshore typhoon kept or exaggerated the local harbour oscillation of 60–70 s and it caused long-period oscillations of moored ships. Numerical results in case of reducing the reflection coefficient of the target berth implied that it ceased the local harbour oscillation and it would give an effective countermeasure to reduce long-period oscillations of moored ships in the Port of Shibushi. 相似文献
17.
天津南港工业区位于渤海湾典型的淤泥质海岸,其港区为环抱式有掩护的平面布局,规划建设10万吨级航道。为准确预测港池航道的泥沙回淤状况,采用双向嵌套网格建立波浪潮流共同作用下的泥沙运动数学模型,考虑波浪辐射应力作用,以及波浪引起的紊动和波浪增强海床底部切应力对悬沙输移的影响。模型选取现场实测大潮作为代表潮,以工程海域附近测波资料的能量加权平均结果作为代表波,对邻近的天津港15万吨级航道年均回淤进行了验证,确定数学模型中相关泥沙运动与底床冲淤的计算参数。在此基础上,数学模型预测了南港工业区规划的港池航道总的年均回淤量,与天津港主航道资料类比,计算的南港工业区港区10万吨级航道泥沙回淤分布与淤积总量是合理的。 相似文献
18.
为减轻油类、类油类危险品船舶事故污染,提前确定船舶避难地具有重要意义。文章以渤海海域25个港口和55个锚地作为研究对象,对在3种事故类型(起火爆炸(事故类型1)、污染物泄漏(事故类型2)、存在沉没风险(事故类型3))下,如何选取船舶避难地进行研究。首先分别确定评价不同事故类型采用的评价指标;然后,针对每个港口和锚地,采用归一化方法,其对应的各评价指标均被赋予1~100的分值;再次,对各评价指标的分数按照相同的权重进行叠加;最后,根据叠加结果,分别对在3种事故类型下,各港口和锚地的得分进行排序,在此基础上绘制了避难地选取策略图。排序靠前的适合作避难地,排序靠后的不适合作避难地,因此,依据最终排序结果,可以得出适合作为避难地的地点,以及不适合作为避难地的地点:事故类型1时应优先选择庄河港、皮口港等,避免选择锚地49、锚地50等地点;事故类型2时皮口港、锚地12等最适合,避免选择潍坊港、锚地50等地点;而事故类型3时应优先选择威海港和朝阳港等地点,避免选择大连港、旅顺新港等地点。 相似文献
19.
Ship floating condition in regular waves is calculated. New equations controlling any ship＇s floating condition are proposed by use of the vector operation. This form is a nonlinear optimization problem which can be solved using the penalty function method with constant coefficients. And the solving process is accelerated by dichotomy. During the solving process, the ship＇s displacement and buoyant centre have been calculated by the integration of the ship surface according to the waterline. The ship surface is described using an accumulative chord length theory in order to determine the displacement, the buoyancy center and the waterline. The draught forming the waterline at each station can be found out by calculating the intersection of the ship surface and the wave surface. The results of an example indicate that this method is exact and efficient. It can calculate the ship floating condition in regular waves as well as simplify the calculation and improve the computational efficiency and the precision of results. 相似文献
20.
天津港水文泥沙问题研究综述 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
利用天津港多年水文、泥沙实测资料以及以往研究成果，对不同时期的港口泥沙研究成果进行了概述，并结合天津港的总体规划方案，从水文泥沙角度进行了定性及定量分析。 相似文献