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中国东部陆架沉积环境对末次冰盛期以来海面阶段性上升的响应 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
到目前,还缺乏关于大型陆架系统对全球海面变化响应的研究,5年来我们对中国东部宽阔的陆架海底进行详细制图研究,结果表明:现代中国东部陆架海底沉积环境分布与末次冰盛期以来的海面变化之间有很好的响应关系;目前的陆架海底被3个沉积体系覆盖,即低海面期的古滨带、冰消期的海侵体系和高海面期的涡漩及近岸带沉积体系;末次冰期后期以来,可区分出3个快速海面上升期和3个慢速上升期。在快速上升期,海底形成了代表海岸快速移动的混杂沉积-海侵边界层,海岸平均移动速度10～22cm/a(最大64cm/a),缓慢上升期,形成了陆架广泛分布的潮流沙脊体系,三期沙脊体系之间有继承性演化关系。 相似文献
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用BHC法研究东海大陆架的现代沉积速率和沉积作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
长江口外的东海大陆架,是世界上最宽广的大陆架之一,它承受着中国最大河流——长江的巨大径流,同时,大量泥沙随径流进入陆架区,其中很大一部分泥沙沉积于图1中的Ⅰο区,致使该区水下三角洲迅速演变发育,历史上曾从苏北而现在从渤海入海的黄河,也对本海区的沉积作用有很大的影响,这些沉积物对本海区沉积状况的演变起着很大的作用.沉积物现代沉积速率的测定,是河口陆架区沉积动力学研究的基本问题之一,为了更好地了解发生在河口陆架区现代沉积物表层的地质和化学过程,对海水-沉积物界面间的物质交换作出定量估价,有必要对不同沉积环境中现代沉积速率进行定量研究[1]. 相似文献
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黄、渤海泥质沉积区现代沉积速率 总被引：47，自引：2，他引：47
利用α多道能谱仪对黄、渤海泥质沉积区岩芯的2 1 0 Pb放射性活度进行测定 ,并结合历史数据 ,对2 1 0 Pb放射性活度在岩芯中的垂向分布和现代沉积速率的平面分布进行了分析。研究区岩芯的2 1 0 Pb放射性活度垂向分布表现出 5种形式。从沉积速率来看 ,渤海东北部泥区、南黄海中部和东部泥区 ,以及北黄海中部泥区的沉积速率小于 0 .2cm/a ,为低速沉积区 ;黄河三角洲海域和莱州湾西部的沉积速率大于 1cm/a,为高速沉积区 ;山东半岛南部沿岸海域的沉积速率也较高 ;山东半岛成山头及苏北辐射沙脊群外缘海域的沉积速率为 0 ,属于无沉积区或侵蚀区。黄、渤海泥质沉积区现代沉积速率的分布特征的解释有待于沉积动力过程的深入分析 相似文献
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南海北部内陆架沉积物主要来源于陆源碎屑,它们通过河流源源不断输入南海,暴雨、洪水构成的片流亦将泥沙滚滚推进海区,波浪和海流对海岸、海峡底壁的侵蚀和磨蚀,也提供了部分物质来源,进入海底的陆源物质在海洋水动力条件作用下进行沉积分异,粗碎屑主要堆积在粤西、海南岛、广西沿岸20米水深以内,局部海区生物繁殖昌盛,形成珊瑚礁平台、有孔虫砂、贝壳砂,在河口,海湾区发育有化学成因的粘土矿物和各类自生矿物,南海现代沉积物厚度不大,是海进时间较短的缘故.沉积物分布受多种因素控制,海平面变化则起着主导作用. 相似文献
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东海陆架中北部沉积物粒度特征及其沉积环境 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
通过对东海陆架表层沉积物粒级组成、粒度参数、14C年龄和微体古生物组合的综合分析,绘制了东海陆架的沉积物类型分布图;运用Folk等(1970)沉积物分类方法将东海表层沉积物分成砂、粉砂、粉砂质砂、砂质粉砂、砂质泥5种类型,其中粉砂质砂分布最广,砂质泥分布最少;沉积物由陆向海粒度变粗,反映沉积过程中的物源和沉积动力控制作用。根据沉积环境及成因分析,可将东海陆架沉积分为3类:分别是长江口外席状砂沉积区、现代泥质沉积区和陆架中部砂质沉积区。长江口外砂质沉积是全新世冰消期晚期潮流作用及风暴潮流共同作用的产物,是高海平面以来太平洋潮波系统作用下的潮流沙沉积,沙波地貌仍在发生变化。现代泥质沉积区包括长江前三角洲沉积、浙闽沿岸流沉积和济州岛西南泥质沉积三个区域,不同沉积区的成因机制不同。陆架中部砂质沉积是末次冰盛期之后海侵作用下发育的砂质沉积物,在海侵的不同阶段中沉积物被冲刷改造,具有不等时性特征,沉积环境与现代陆架海洋环流的动力特征不一致,现代沉积作用较弱,仅接受悬浮体细粒沉积。 相似文献
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在2011年7月利用35SO2-4培养示踪法测定九龙江河口两个站位(A站位位于咸淡混合区,盐度3~5;B站位位于海相区,盐度20~25)沉积柱中硫酸盐还原速率的垂直分布。结果显示A站位沉积柱中硫酸盐还原速率变化范围为54~2 345nmol/(cm3·d),从表层到底部先增大后减小,最大值出现在20cm深度附近;B站位硫酸盐还原速率在24~987nmol/(cm3·d)之间,分别在10cm和78cm深度附近出现两个峰值,分别为876nmol/(cm3·d)和987nmol/(cm3·d)。综合分析两个站位孔隙水中SO2-4、甲烷浓度和沉积物中总有机碳、温度和氧化还原电位的垂直变化趋势与其硫酸盐还原速率的分布规律,表明A站位沉积物中硫酸盐还原以有机矿化为主;B站位受到有机质矿化和甲烷厌氧氧化的共同作用;两个站位硫酸盐还原速率及垂直分布趋势受孔隙水中SO2-4浓度、有机质活性和温度的共同影响;根据各个层位硫酸盐还原速率估算两个站位硫酸盐还原通量(以硫计)分别为527.9mmol/(m2·d)和357.1mmol/(m2·d),表明硫酸盐还原是九龙江河口有机质厌氧矿化的重要路径。 相似文献
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以南黄海江苏岸外辐射沙脊群为对象,基于已验证的该区域沉积动力学数值模型模拟近30 a(1979~2011年)的水下地形演化,计算辐射沙脊区域海底地形年际变化标准偏差,对沙脊和水道的地貌稳定性进行定量评估。研究发现,地形变化标准偏差愈小,地貌愈稳定;标准偏差愈高,地貌愈不稳定。定量地确定了南黄海辐射沙脊区域内沙脊与水道稳定性系数的时空分布,发现主要淤积区域位于沙脊周围,近岸沙洲有淤高的趋势;主要侵蚀区位于水道,沙脊间水道逐渐冲刷加深,如西洋水道和黄沙洋水道。本研究提出的基于海底地形年际变化标准偏差确定地貌稳定性评估方法,可为海岸陆架地貌稳定性研究、区域资源开发和环境保护等提供参考。 相似文献
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对东海中南部海域表层沉积物进行了重矿物鉴定,探讨了其物质来源,并对沉积环境及其主控因素进行了分析。研究区碎屑重矿物共有40余种,还有少量岩屑和风化碎屑。暗色重矿物含量高值出现在100m以深的东海外陆架,浙闽近海一带暗色重矿物含量低。稳定重矿物含量与离岸距离有一定的相关性,从内陆架到外陆架,含量有逐步增加的趋势。云母类矿物高值集中于浙闽近海内陆架一带;自生黄铁矿也集中浙闽近海水深50m以浅的内陆架,说明该区水动力偏弱,主要为还原环境。聚类分析表明,研究区划为2个分区。Ⅰ区包括浙闽近海海域和台湾海峡中西部海域,水深在60m以浅,主要是长江物质在沿岸流作用下向南搬运沉积。Ⅱ区包括东海中外陆架、陆坡以及冲绳海槽的部分海域,水深多在80m以深,其物源来自东亚大陆,形成于晚更新世低海平面时期。 相似文献
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辽东湾是渤海的三大湾之一,进入该区的主要河流有辽河、大凌河、滦河和六股河等，水深一般在10.2-35m之间，沉积环境很复杂。测定、研究该区现代沉积速率和沉积通量对沉积动力学的研究和海洋油气开发工程都有意义。
近年来,国内外学者在利用210Pb法测定江河、湖泊和海洋陆架的沉积速率等方面取得了有价值的成果。到目前为止,除在渤海锦州湾测得两个岩芯的沉积速率外(夏明等，1983),关于辽东湾大面积海域的现代沉积速率和沉积通量还未见报道。本文介绍了该区现代沉积速率和沉积通量,利用210Pb的垂直剖面,探讨该区近百年来的沉积作用和沉积环境,划分了沉积强度区。 相似文献
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The narrow shelf along the coast of central Vietnam is seasonally supplied by large amounts of sediment from the adjacent
mountainous hinterland following monsoonal precipitation. This study examines the fate of these sediments, and their accumulation
rates along two transects across the shelf, based on analyses of radionuclides (210Pb, 137Cs), sediment texture and structure, as well as carbonate content. The inner shelf is covered by sands, and probably serves
as bypass zone for fine sediments transported offshore. Sediment characteristics suggest that the transport to the mid and
outer shelf is related to flood events. Averaged over the last century, the 210Pb-based mud mass accumulation rates on the mid and outer shelf vary between 0.25 g cm −2 and 0.56 g cm −2 year −1 (corresponding to linear sediment accumulation rates of 0.20–0.47 cm year −1). Along with high excess 210Pb inventories, these high accumulation rates suggest a significant sediment depocentre on the mid shelf. The 210Pb-derived sediment accumulation rates were found to be several times higher than 14C-derived rates previously reported for the Holocene, at the same location on the outer shelf. This is probably due to the
incompleteness of the Holocene record, and an overestimation of the modern rate. Another explanation would be increased erosion
within the rivers’ drainage basins, due to 20th century deforestation. This hypothesis is supported by the difference between
recent (less sand, more lithic grains in the sand fraction) and older sediments. In terms of modern sedimentation processes
and rates, the central Vietnam shelf, although being a part of a narrow passive continental margin, is similar to active flood-dominated
continental margins. 相似文献
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海南岛三亚港现代沉积速率的研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
对１９８８年所采集的海南岛三亚港６个沉积柱样作了沉积结构及＾２１０Ｐｂ放射性分析。结果表明，三亚港潮汐通道及航道上，沉积物主要为细颗粒的粉砂、粘土，沉积速率为０．９１－１．２４ｃｍ／ａ，近年来砂质物的输入，反映了疏浚等人类活动对该区的影响；外港浅滩砂洲区的沉积速率小于０．４ｃｍ／ａ；潮汐通道中过剩＾２１０Ｐｂ总量亦明显大于港口的其它区域。 相似文献
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珠江口河流输沙、河口沉积与粒度信息之间的联系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
河口三角洲地区泥沙供应充分，是现代沉积速率较高的区域。快速沉积的泥沙包含高分辨率的环境信息。采用放射性同位素测年方法研究了珠江口伶仃洋大铲湾海域6个柱样的现代沉积速率，以2mm的间隔分析了其中2个柱样上部的粒度，并对其平均粒径和珠江流域的年输沙量进行了快速傅里叶变换，以期获取河流泥沙供应、河口沉积速率和沉积物垂向粒度变化的对应关系。结果表明，大铲湾海域的沉积速率为1～3cm／a，受动力条件和泥沙供应条件的影响显著。2个柱样的平均粒径的最显著重现周期与珠江年输沙量的周期性有较好的对应关系，并可能反映了季节的、年的和多年的沉积速率信息。对于每年沉积厚度在厘米级的环境，以毫米级的高分辨率进行粒度分析，有可能揭示出沉积物供应的季节变化和年际变化。本研究亦可为其他河口的相关工作提供借鉴。 相似文献
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《Marine Geology》2005,216(3):155-167
A total of 83 cores were collected in the Gulf of Lions continental margins and analysed for 210Pbxs (excess 210Pb) in order to understand sedimentation patterns. Apparent sedimentation rates (ASR) range from 0.65 cm year−1 in the vicinity of the Rhône River mouth to 0.01 cm year−1 in the deep basin. Except for the prodelta area, rates decrease with depth linearly with the water depth. On the slope, ASR do not differ between canyons and open slope, except for the western area where the rates are slightly higher in the Lacaze–Duthiers canyon compared to its adjacent, open slope. In the canyon and open slope areas, mass accumulation rates determined from 210Pbxs profiles (0.10 and 0.08 g cm−2 year−1, respectively) are in good agreement with particulate fluxes calculated from 5 years of near-bottom sediment trap data, even when the trap particle fluxes and the apparent accumulation rates are overestimated in response to resuspension and bioturbation effects.However, differences in sediment trap data, between west and east portion of the slope, are not observed in the sedimentation rates calculated with 210Pbxs. The outer shelf area may have an important role in trapping sediment but it is not sufficiently documented. Sediment surface mixed layer depths decrease with water depth, with a mean value for the whole margin of 8±6 cm.210Pbxs inventories in the sediment are systematically higher than the net 210Pb export flux estimated from the above water column. Over the margin, the ratio between accumulated 210Pb and available 210Pb is about 3, suggesting boundary scavenging effects and advective transport. 相似文献
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福建九龙江口入海泥沙的扩散和河口湾的现代沉积 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：15
本文阐述了40年来九龙江入海泥沙量增加了两倍,入海泥沙在海门岛—鸡屿一带的浅滩区,其年平均淤积8—10cm,一次洪水流域搬来悬浮泥沙,使河口湾新淤积层厚2—3cm.并指出、进入河口湾的三条汉河各有独立的扇形粗粒冲积浅滩;悬移质的粉砂、粘土粒扩散至鼓浪屿以南海域;构成三角洲沉积主体的河口浅滩区的沉积速度由入海泥沙倍增而相应地加快进行. 相似文献
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J. M. Jouanneau C. Garcia A. Oliveira A. Rodrigues J. A. Dias O. Weber 《Progress in Oceanography》1998,42(1-4)
The Portuguese margin in front of the Tagus and Sado rivers is characterized by a narrow shelf incised by numerous canyons and by a large mud deposit. The two estuaries that feed this continental margin have distinct impact. The suspended particulate matter concentration values in the mouth of the Tagus are four times higher than in the Sado. During the summer the surface nepheloid layer is always larger than during the winter when it is restricted near the mouth of the estuary. This nepheloid layer may reach 30 km in length extending westward. The bottom nepheloid layer usually shows higher nephelometer values, and has a typical distribution: it is usually diverted southward in the direction of the Lisbon Submarine Canyon. We estimate the amount of suspended matter being discharged annually from the Tagus estuary to be between 0.4 and 1×106 t. The area covered by fine deposits is about 560 km2. Hence the thickness of sediments deposited annually should be between 0.07 and 0.18 cm. The sedimentation rates calculated from the 210Pb excess vary between 0.16 and 2.13 cm y−1 which correspond to the maximum rate. For a layer of 1 cm thick, 81,000 t of particulate organic carbon (POC) should be trapped. That would represent, with a minimum sedimentation rate between 0.07 and 0.18 cm y−1, an entrapment of 6000–15,000 t POC y−1. The trace metals content of box core samples clearly shows the anthropogenic impact in the uppermost level (5 cm thick) in the Tagus estuary and in all the sedimentary deposits (15 cm thick) on the shelf muddy area. Despite the narrowness of the shelf, a significant part of continental fluxes fails to reach the deep ocean. 相似文献
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Lionel Carter 《Marine Geology》1975,19(4):209-237
The New Zealand continental terrace is mantled mainly by terrigenous and biogenic sediments associated with subordinate but locally important authigenic, volcanogenic and residual components. Modern terrigenous sands and muds prevail off Westland and Hawkes Bay—Wairarapa where tectonically rising landmasses, several major rivers and few coastal sediment traps ensure deliverance of much sediment to the terrace. Relict terrigenous sands and gravels typically occur in zones where modern sedimentation is low like the middle and outer continental shelf off Otago—Canterbury and Waikato—Taranaki. Relict sediments are commonly associated with biogenic sands and gravels which also dominate the terrigenous-starved shelves around northernmost and southernmost New Zealand, and much of the continental slope. Shelf biogenic components are mainly molluscan, bryozoan and foraminiferal clasts, whereas on the slope foraminifers and calcareous nannoplankton prevail. Both glauconite, the main authigenic component, and residual sediments occur on those shelves and upper slopes receiving little modern terrigenous sediment. Volcanogenic grains are prominent in sediments on the eastern terrace marginal to the Central Volcanic Region of the North Island.Typically, terrigenous shelf sediments off the North Island and northeast South Island have been reworked from older sediments or derived directly from volcanic rocks or both. Around the remainder of the South Island a metamorphic and plutonic-derived assemblage prevails. Sediment dispersal is along the shelf primarily under the influence of storm-driven and tidal currents with semi-permanent ocean currents having little effect. Beyond the shelf, dispersal appears to be mainly downslope, partly through redepositional mechanisms including gravity slumps and turbidity currents. 相似文献