共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
三唑磷对四种水生生物的毒性及安全评价研究 总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21
本文研究了三唑磷对小球藻、卤虫、南美白对虾、泥蚶四种水生生物的急性毒性作用，结果显示，三唑磷对小球藻的48h的EC50为24μg/dm^3,72h的EC50为15μg/km^3；对卤虫的24hLC50为1．64mg／dm^3，48hLC50为0．8mg／dm^3；对南美白对虾仔虾的48hLG0为3．2μg／dm^3，96hLC50为1．1μg/dm^3。；对泥蚶的48hLC50为21．0mg／dm^3，96hLC50为10．2mg／dm^3。三唑磷对小球藻、卤虫、南美白对虾为高毒农药，泥蚶对三唑磷有很强的耐受力。 相似文献
2.
采用体外慢性毒性实验，研究了3种重金属离子Cd^2＋、Hg^2＋和Zn^2＋对刺参（Apostichopus japonicus）幼参内脏超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性的影响。结果表明，随着3种重金属离子暴露时间的延长，幼参SOD活性发生了明显的变化。0．009-0．046mg／L的 Hg^2＋对SOD活性的影响在24h和48h时表现为诱导效应，96h的SOD值达到最大，144h的SOD值下降。0．195～0．976mg／L的Zn^2＋对幼参SOD活性的影响48h表现为诱导效应，96h和144h的SOD活性下降。Hg^2＋和Zn^2＋对幼参SOD活性的影响，均表现为随暴露时间延长，先诱导后抑制的趋势。0．214～1．069mg／L的Cd^2＋对幼参SOD活性的影响48h表现为抑制效应，96h和144h表现为诱导效应。 相似文献
3.
锶诱导的氧化胁迫对叉鞭金藻(Dicrateria inornata)的影响 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
采用不同浓度的锶胁迫方法研究了叉鞭金藻生长、叶绿素、MDA含量及三种抗氧化酶SOD、CAT、GPX活性的变化。结果表明，在实验设计的各种Sr^2 浓度内叉鞭金藻均能生长，但Sr^2 浓度较高时生长受到不同程度的抑制，细胞数量比对照组分别减少15．9％和51．0％；叉鞭金藻中叶绿素含量随着Sr^2 浓度的升高而降低，呈负相关关系；叉鞭金藻中MDA含量在较低Sr^2 浓度下稍呈下降趋势，但与对照组相比并无显著差异，而在23．04mmol／L Sr^2 浓度时是对照的1．25倍；低Sr^2 浓度时，叉鞭金藻中蛋白质含量没有大的变化，当浓度超过5．76mmol／L时则引起蛋白质含量下降；叉鞭金藻中抗氧化酶SOD在低Sr^2 时分别降低12．5％、7．5％和9．5％，高Sr^2 时显著升高，为对照组的85．7％；CAT、GPX活性在低Sr^2 浓度时差别不大，但当浓度为23．04mmol／L时升高显著，比对照组分别增加了19．8％和74．4％。 相似文献
4.
蒽、菲、芘、■混合液对菲律宾蛤仔抗氧化酶活性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以菲律宾蛤仔（Ruditapes philippinarum）为研究对象，在实验生态条件下采用不同浓度的蒽（Fluoranthene）、菲（Phenaphthene）、芘（Pyrene）、[艹屈]（chrysene）混合液进行染毒实验，研究菲律宾蛤仔体内超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase，SOD）、过氧化氢酶（catalase，CAT）和谷胱苷肽过氧化物酶（glutathione peroxidase，GPx）的剂量-效应关系和时间-效应关系。实验的3种混合液浓度为5μg／L（低浓度组），50μg/L（中浓度组），500μg／L（高浓度组）。结果表明，在低浓度混合液下（5μg／L），CAT比SOD和GPx更快受到诱导；4种多环芳烃混合污染物对SOD、CAT和GPx活性的影响均为先诱导后抑制的变化过程。 相似文献
5.
苯并（a）芘对大弹涂鱼肝脏超氧化物歧化酶活性的影响 总被引：18，自引：1，他引：18
在实验生态条件下，研究了在苯并（a)芘（BaP)胁迫下大弹涂鱼肝脏超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性的变化，结果显示：暴露3d时，不同BaP含量组大弹涂鱼肝脏SOD活性无显著差异（P＞0．05），而暴露7d时，随着B aP含量的升高，0.5mg/dm^3 BaP含量组SOD活性被显著诱导（P＜0．05），为对照组的1．87倍；随着暴露时间的延长，各含量组肝脏SOD的活性均表现出不同程度的下降趋势，其中对照组肝脏SOD活性显著降低，表明SOD活性易受污染以外的因素，如水体容量、铒料、光照等的影响。污染解除后，0.5mg/dm^3含量组SOD活性显著升高，表明大弹涂鱼肝脏仍具有较强的生理调节机能，也可能表明SOD活性的变化相对于环境因子改变的“迟滞性”。以上这些结果表明SOD有可能作为大弹涂鱼受BaP胁迫的生物指标。 相似文献
6.
Cd2+和Cu2+对泥蚶的急性毒性和联合毒性试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解重金属Cd2+和Cu2+对泥蚶的毒害程度和泥蚶对重金属Cd2+和Cu2+的解毒能力,用毒理学实验方法研究了Cd2+和Cu2+对泥蚶(Tegillarca granosa)的急性毒性和联合毒性效应。结果表明:Cd2+、Cu2+对泥蚶的96 h半致死质量浓度分别为6.189、0.460 mg/L;安全质量浓度分别为0.062、0.005 mg/L;相对毒性Cu2+Cd2+。在1︰1毒性单位的联合作用下,Cd2+和Cu2+对泥蚶96 h的半致死质量浓度分别为1.984、0.147 mg/L;安全质量浓度分别为0.020、0.001 mg/L。2种重金属离子的联合毒性大于任一重金属离子的毒性,联合毒性表现为协同作用。 相似文献
7.
原油污染对栉孔扇贝抗氧化酶活性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以原油水溶性成分(water soluble fraction of crude oil,WSF)为污染物,采用暴露实验法,研究了栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)鳃和消化腺组织中超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide Dismutase,SOD)和过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)活性的变化.结果表明,WSF污染下,鳃和消化腺组织SOD和CAT酶活性随暴露时间增加一般表现为降低-升高-降低的趋势,酶活性达到最高的时间随浓度不同而变化.第1天时消化腺SOD在0.08 mg/L浓度下被诱导,而后随时间增加表现为抑制效应;浓度为0.21和0.88 mg/L时消化腺SOD酶活性被抑制,随暴露时间延长而活性增加.暴露时间为4d时,石油烃浓度在0.08和0.88 mg/L时鳃组织SOD酶活性均被抑制,而浓度为0.21 mg/L时被诱导.消化腺和鳃组织SOD可以作为扇贝被污染胁迫的指标. 相似文献
8.
本文研究了重金属Cu2+对单环刺螠毒性效应。通过急性毒性试验,确定了Cu2+对单环刺螠24h、48h、72h及96h的半致死浓度,并计算得到其安全浓度为0.0675mg/L,高于渔业水质。通过酶活测定,发现Cu2+对单环刺螠抗氧化酶活性有影响。实验结果表明当暴露于0.25mg/L及0.50mg/L浓度的Cu2+中,24h时,单环刺螠体壁SOD、GPx活性显著提高(P<0.05);之后,随着暴露时间的增长,SOD、GPx、CAT三种酶活性均有所下降,除SOD外,其余两种酶活性均低于对照组,其中0.50mg/L组96h时CAT的活性显著低于对照组(P<0.05),说明Cu2+抑制了GPx及CAT的活性,并导致了虫体的死亡。 相似文献
9.
在实验室条件下构建不同的悬浮物浓度环境，采用试剂盒分析方法研究了不同浓度悬浮物对半滑舌鳎幼鱼肝脏溶菌酶（LSZ）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和鳃丝Na^＋-K^＋-ATPase活力的影响。养殖水体中悬浮物浓度添加量分别为0（对照）、50、100、200和400mg／L，每5天采样测定一次，实验周期为25天。结果表明，当悬浮物浓度添加量为50和100mg／L时，肝脏LSZ和SOD活力与对照组无显著差异（P〉0．05），当添加量为200和400mg／L时，肝脏LSZ和SOD活力与对照组有显著差异（P〈0．05）；实验后期各实验组鳃丝Na^＋-K^＋-ATPase活力与对照组均有显著差异（P〈0．05）。在悬浮物效应的25天内，各实验组肝脏LSZ活力呈峰值变化，10天时除100mg／L浓度添加组外均达到最大值；而肝脏SOD活力在50和100mg／L浓度添加组略有升高，在200和400mg／L浓度添加组则基本呈下降趋势；鳃丝Na^＋-K^＋-ATPase活力前10天各实验组较对照组无显著变化，之后则显著降低，后期基本趋于稳定，其活力低于初始水平；实验结束时，各实验组其肝脏LSZ、SOD和鳃丝Na^＋-K^＋-ATPase活力相对于对照组都受到了不同程度的抑制，其中各实验组鳃丝Na^＋-K^＋-ATPase活力抑制率分别达到了27．6％、65．2％、57．0％和71．1％。 相似文献
10.
为了解泥蚶金属硫蛋白基因(MT)和卵黄蛋白原基因(Vg)在重金属Pb胁迫下的表达响应模式,本文设置了1、3、6及9μg/L 4个浓度梯度的重金属Pb攻毒实验。在此基础上,利用qRT-PCR技术检测了0、7、14、21、28 d泥蚶血液MT、Vg的相对表达量。结果显示泥蚶MT基因在Pb~(2+)暴毒14 d时开始被显著诱导,在整个实验过程中基本呈现先增后降的态势。且在14 d和28 d时,6μg/L及9μg/L浓度组泥蚶MT相对表达量均高于1、3μg/L浓度组。由此可见,在Pb~(2+)胁迫下泥蚶血液MT基因的表达具有一定的时间依赖性和浓度依赖性。相比之下,泥蚶血液Vg基因的诱导表达情况较MT基因而言不明显。3μg/L浓度组泥蚶Vg mRNA较对照组在14、21 d时被显著诱导;9μg/L浓度组其在28 d时才开始被显著诱导。综上可见,泥蚶MT和Vg在应激重金属Pb过程中起到了一定的抗氧化及重金属解毒作用。 相似文献
11.
Coastal inundation associated with extreme sea levels is the main factor which leads to the loss of life and property whenever a severe tropical cyclonic storm hits the Indian coasts. The Andhra and Orissa coasts are most vulnerable for coastal inundation due to extreme rise in sea levels associated with tropical cyclones. Loss of life may be minimized if extreme sea levels and associated coastal flooding is predicted well in advance. Keeping this in view, location specific coastal inundation models are developed and applied for the Andhra and Orissa coasts of India. Several numerical experiments are carried out using the data of past severe cyclones that struck these regions. The simulated inland inundation distances are found to be in general agreement with the reported flooding. 相似文献
12.
Hoi-Soo Jung Kap-Sik Jeong Yong-Shik Chu Sung-Hyun Park Ki-Hyune Kim 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(3):181-195
Grain size and water content in box-core sediments from the Clarion-Clipperton fracture zone (C-C zone) in the northeast equatorial Pacific were analyzed in detail to understand the downcore variations across a hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Grain-size distributions in the topmost core sediments show two modes: a coarse mode (peaked at 50 μm) and a fine mode (at 2-25 μm). The coarse mode disappears gradually with depth accompanied by the dissolution of siliceous fossil tests, whereas the fine mode coarsens due to the formation of authigenic minerals. Water content increases abruptly across a color boundary between an upper pale brown layer and a lower dark brown layer that is the hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Abundant smectites and microvoid molds, which are created by the prolonged fossil dissolution in the underlying sediment, are attributed for the abrupt downcore variation of water content. Overall variations in grain size and water content in the topmost core sediments in the western C-C zone are possibly constrained by the dissolution of biogenic siliceous fossils. Variations in geotechnical properties related to these changes must be considered in the design of nodule collectors. 相似文献
13.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2001,24(1):27-33
This article concerns an interrelation between the sea levels and the western boundary flow near a tectonic boundary in a local zone in the Northwestern Pacific. In this zone, sea level variations at stations located on the coast facing the Pacific are studied to find the interrelation between variations of the Kurosio flow as an index of the distance of the flow axis off a specific coast. The result is discussed after data processing of the monthly means of the sea levels, and a notice is taken of variations caused by active crustal upheavals during a seismic event, a local earthquake. 相似文献
14.
This study tests the hypothesis that the in situ void ratio of surficial marine sediments may be predicted from shear wave velocity-depth data with a reliability equal to that of other methods currently available. Shear wave velocity is fundamentally controlled by the number of grain-to-grain contacts per unit volume of material and by the effective stress across those contacts. In this study, three previously established empirical formulae are used to predict void ratio from velocity-depth data. Field data were acquired along a transect off the northern Californian coast across which water depth increased from 35 to 70 m and seafloor sediment type varied from sand to silty-sand, respectively. A towed seafloor sled device was used to collect shear wave refraction data, and a marked, systematic decrease in velocity was observed along the line, ranging from 35-70 m/s for the coarse, near-shore material to 25-40 m/s for the finer, offshore deposits. Void ratios predicted from these velocities were compared with data measured directly from box-core samples. Of the formulae used for prediction, two agree remarkably well with the control data. Both predicted and control values increase from 0.6-0.8 for the sandy material to 1.1-1.5 for the silty-sand. Thus, this study does not disprove the hypothesis set and demonstrates the potential of field shear wave velocity-depth data as a means of delineating spatial variation in void ratio for surficial marine sediments in a remote, nondestructive manner. 相似文献
15.
Particulate samples were collected from the Changjiang river system during a flood period, in May 1997, and POC, stable isotope and lipids associated with particles were examined. Results showed the decrease (0.84% ～ 1.88%) of organic carbon content from the upper reaches to the estuary.δ13C values of particulate organic carbon was in the range of -24.9×10-3 to -26.6×10-3, which were close to the isotopic signature of continental C3 vegetation. Total particulate n-alkanes concentrations varied from 1.4 to 10.1μg/dm3,or from 23.7 to 107μg/g of total suspended matter. Fatty acids were present in all the samples, from 1.4 to 5.4μg/dm3, with saturated and unsaturated straight-chain and branched compounds in the carbon number range from C12 to C30. Both δ13C and the ratio of carbon content to nitrogen content indicate the predominance of terrestrial inputs (soil organic matter) among the particles. The biomarker approach has been used to identify the relative portion of terrigenous and autochthonous fraction in the particulate samples. The distribution of fatty acids suggests a striking phytoplanktonic and microbial signal in most particle samples. The terrestrial alkanes are used to estimate the contribution of terrestrial inputs along the mainstream. 相似文献
16.
Andrzej Chybicki 《Marine Geodesy》2018,41(1):1-23
Current trends of development of satellite derived bathymetry (SDB) models rely on applying calibration techniques including analytical approaches, neuro-fuzzy systems, regression optimization and others. In most of the cases, the SDB models are calibrated and verified for test sites, that provide favorable conditions for the remote derivation of bathymetry such as high water clarity, homogenous bottom type, low amount of sediment in the water and other factors. In this paper, a novel 3-dimensional geographical weighted regression (3GWR) SDB technique is presented, it binds together methods already presented in other studies, the geographically weighted local regression (GWR) model, with depth dependent inverse optimization. The proposed SDB model was calibrated and verified on a relatively difficult test site of the South Baltic near-shore areas with the use of multispectral observations acquired by a recently launched Sentinel-2 satellite observation system. By conducted experiments, it was shown that the proposed SDB model is capable of obtaining satisfactory results of RMSE ranging from 0.88 to 1.23[m] depending on the observation and can derive bathymetry for depths up to 12m. It was also shown, that the proposed approach may be used operationally, for instance, in the continuous assessment of temporal bathymetry changes, for areas important in the context of ensuring local maritime safety. 相似文献
17.
N. H. Khadge 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):251-258
As a part of the environmental impact assessment studies, geotechnical properties of sediments were determined in the Central Indian Basin. The undrained shear strength and index properties of the siliceous sediments were determined on 20 box cores of uniform dimension collected from various locations in five preselected sites. The maximum core length encountered was 41 cm and most of the sediments were siliceous oozes consisting of radiolarian or diatomaceous tests. The shear strength measurements revealed that surface sediments deposited in recent times (0-10 cm) have a shear strength of 0-1 kPa; this value increases with depth, reaching 10 kPa at 40 cm deep. Older sediments have greater strength because of compaction. Water content varies in the wide range of 312-577% and decreases with depth. The clay minerals such as smectite and illite are dominant and show some control over water content. Wet density, specific gravity, and porosity do not indicate any notable variation with depth, thereby indicating a uniform, slow rate of sedimentation. The average porosity of sediments is 90.2%, specific gravity 2.18, and wet bulk density 1.12 g/cm 3 . Sediments exhibit medium to high plasticity characteristics, with the average plasticity index varying between 105% and 136%. Preliminary studies on postdisturbance samples showed an increase in natural water content and a decrease in undrained shear strength of sediments in the top 10- to 15-cm layer. 相似文献
18.
Extreme sea levels associated with severe cyclonic storms are common occurrences along the east coast of India. The coastal districts of Orissa have experienced major surges in the past. The recent Paradip super cyclone is one of the most severe cyclones, causing extensive damage to property and loss of lives. Extreme sea levels are major causes for coastal flooding in this region. Damages can be minimized if the extreme sea levels are forecast well in advance. In the present study, we develop a location specific, fine resolution model for the Orissa coast on the lines similar to that of IIT-D storm surge model (Dube et al. 1994). The model runs on a personal computer. The bathymetry for the model is extracted from very fine resolution naval hydrographic charts for the region extending from the south of Orissa to south of West Bengal. A simple drying scheme has also been included in the model in order to avoid the exposure of land near the coast due to strong negative sea surface elevations. An attempt was made in this study to simulate extreme sea levels along the Orissa coast using the data of past severe cyclones. The model results reported in the present study are in good agreement with available observations or estimates. 相似文献
19.
An Improved Calibration of Satellite Altimetric Heights Using Tide Gauge Sea Levels with Adjustment for Land Motion 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Gary T. Mitchum 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(3):145-166
Several major improvements to an existing method for calibrating satellite altimeters using tide gauge data are described. The calibration is in the sense of monitoring and correcting temporal drift in the altimetric time series, which is essential in efforts to use the altimetric data for especially demanding applications. Examples include the determination of the rate of change of global mean sea level and the study of the relatively subtle, but climatically important, decadal variations in basin scale sea levels. The improvements are to the method described by Mitchum (1998a), and the modifications are of two basic types. First, since the method depends on the cancellation of true ocean signals by differencing the altimetric data from the tide gauge sea level time series, improvements are made that produce a more complete removal of the ocean signals that comprise the noise for the altimetric drift estimation problem. Second, a major error source in the tide gauge data, namely land motion, is explicitly addressed and corrections are developed that incorporate space-based geodetic data (continuous GPS and DORIS measurements). The long-term solution, having such geodetic measurements available at all the tide gauges, is not yet a reality, so an interim solution is developed. The improved method is applied to the TOPEX altimetric data. The Side A data (August 1992?February 1999) are found to have a linear drift component of 0.55 + / 0.39 mm/yr, but there is also a significant quadratic component to the drift that is presently unexplained. The TOPEX Side B altimeter is estimated to be biased by 7.0 + / 0.7 mm relative to the Side A altimeter based on an analysis of the first 350 days of Side B data. 相似文献
20.
J. N. Pattan Ch. M. Rao A. A. Migdisov S. Colley N. C. Higgs L. Demidenko 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(3):155-165
The rare earth element (REE) distribution in nine deep-sea ferromanganese nodules and their associated siliceous sediments from the Central Indian Ocean Basin (CIOB) have been studied to elucidate the REE relationship among them. Total REE concentration varies from 398-928 ppm in the nodules and 137-235 ppm in the associated sediments, suggesting two- to four-fold enrichment in the nodules compared to associated sediments. REE of nodules and their associated sediments show a positive correlation, suggesting REE are supplied from a common source such as seawater. The positive correlation between REE of nodules and sediments from the CIOB is contrary to the competitive scavenging of REE between nodules and sediment in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. REEs in the nodules are carried by Fe, P, and Ti, whereas in the sediment they are carried by P and Mn phases. A similar REE fractionation pattern with middle REE enrichment over heavy and light REE in both the nodules and their associated sediment suggest fractionation is independent of REE abundance and their carrier phases. 相似文献