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1976年以来江苏盐城滨海湿地景观变化及驱动力分析 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
基于1976年的地形测绘数据和1987,1992,1997,2002,2007年的遥感数据提取土地利用和景观的时空变化,进而分析近40 a来江苏盐城滨海湿地的景观变化和驱动力。研究表明:自1976年以来盐城滨海湿地中的自然湿地总面积呈逐渐减少的趋势;景观的主要变化特征表现为以獐茅、碱蓬群落为代表的自然湿地的大面积减少,和以鱼塘、农业用地为代表的人工湿地的大面积增加。景观指标分析表明盐城滨海湿地景观总体上有破碎化程度加剧的趋势。结果分析认为,这种变化既受到政策导向型的各类滩涂开发等人为干扰活动的影响,也受到滨海湿地自然演化和潮滩蚀淤等自然因素的影响。尽快改变盐城滨海湿地现有的开发利用模式,使各种人类活动对整个生态系统的压力减到最小,以获得经济、社会、生态效益的统一。 相似文献
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以2008年10月和2009年5月黄河口和辽河口芦苇湿地野外调查获取的数据为基础,研究中国北方典型河口芦苇湿地表层和剖面土壤有机碳库的分布特征,并探讨其土壤有机碳库差异的原因。结果表明:5和10月份,黄河口芦苇湿地表层土壤有机碳变幅分别为2.15~10.13和10.98~28.82kg/m3,无显著性季节差异;辽河口芦苇湿地表层土壤有机碳库变幅分别为0.8~31.38和18.95~68.7kg/m3,10月份显著高于5月份。两河口剖面土壤有机碳库分布特征相同,均表现为0~10cm土层含量明显高于各底层,0~20cm土层集中了整个剖面50%以上的有机碳。辽河口芦苇湿地表层土壤有机碳含量及碳库均高于黄河口湿地,且10月份其差异达到了显著性水平。相对于我国其它河口芦苇湿地,黄河口湿地有机碳含量严重偏低,具有很大的可提升潜力。辽河口湿地芦苇地上生物量的均值达到2.96kg/m2,是黄河口的5.82倍,而表观土壤呼吸通量显著低于黄河口湿地,有机碳的高输入和低输出是其土壤有机碳库高于黄河口湿地的根本原因;土壤盐渍化程度高、黏粒含量低和氮素匮乏是影响黄河口芦苇湿地土壤有机碳库严重偏低的主要因素。因此,在开展黄河口退化湿地的生态恢复重建技术中降低土壤盐渍化程度、提高黏粒含量和全氮含量是提高土壤有机碳库的关键。 相似文献
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基于1992～2016年4个时相的遥感数据, 对盐城滨海川东港至梁垛河口岸段进行景观分类, 分析湿地植被类型及分布, 借助转移矩阵法探究滨海湿地植被的时空演变。结果表明: 茅草、芦苇、碱蓬, 米草为川东港至梁垛河口段主要湿地植被类型。1992～2016年植被总面积减少, 其中茅草几近消失殆尽; 芦苇、碱蓬面积持续缩减; 米草面积大幅增长。1992～2000年植被面积快速缩减, 大面积的茅草碱蓬地被开发为耕地; 2000～2009年养殖塘侵占湿地植被, 规模剧增。2009～2016年, 米草向海方向扩张的同时靠陆侧转变为养殖塘。川东港至梁垛河口的植被演变是自然和人为共同作用的结果。一方面受淤积型海岸影响, 另一方面受政策引导下的各类滩涂开发活动, 及互花米草的引种所带来的快速扩散的影响。本文研究结果为盐城滨海湿地管理与可持续发展提供理论参考。 相似文献
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《海洋湖沼通报》2020,(3)
以盐城滨海湿地为研究区,根据1997年、2007年和2014年3个时相的遥感影像,运用RS、GIS技术和景观生态学方法,比较不同岸段景观时空动态变化的差异。结果表明:(1)1997～2014年,盐城滨海湿地景观结构变化呈现出非湿地与人工湿地在增加,盐沼在减少的特征。盐沼的面积比重,淤蚀转换岸段淤长岸段侵蚀岸段。景观多样性指数和均匀度指数,淤蚀转换岸段淤长岸段侵蚀岸段;景观聚集度指数,淤长岸段侵蚀岸段淤蚀转换岸段。(2)滨海湿地景观转移表现为盐沼转变为耕地、养殖池和建设用地;盐沼转出的速率,淤长岸段淤蚀转换岸段侵蚀岸段;盐沼转出的比例,淤长岸段侵蚀岸段淤蚀转换岸段。(3)盐城滨海湿地景观转变强度都为负值,说明研究区生态等级在下降;总体景观转变强度,淤长岸段淤蚀转换岸段侵蚀岸段。(4)自然条件与人类活动在时空上的组合差异是盐城滨海湿地景观时空动态区域差异的主要原因。 相似文献
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辽河口湿地碳、氮、磷空间分布及季节动态特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以2008年10月和2009年5月2次对辽河口湿地野外调查获取的数据为基础,研究了辽河口湿地生源要素碳、氮和磷的时空分布特征、湿地植被对营养元素的累积及对土壤营养元素氮、磷分布的影响.结果表明:辽河口湿地表层土壤有机碳5月和10月含量分别在0.62～13.17 mg/g和11.06～40.74 mg/g之间,10月盐化草甸土和滨海沼泽盐土有机碳含量较高,5月4种类型土壤有机碳含量无明显差异;全氮5月和10月含量分别在0.80～3.43 mg/g和0.77～2.90mg/g之间,盐化草甸土和滨海沼泽盐土表层土壤氮含量相对较高,滨海潮滩盐土最低;无机氮(NH4+-N和NO3--N)含量较低,且以铵态氮为主,5月略高于10月含量;全磷含量均在0.36～0.66 mg/g之间,无显著季节差异.碳、氮和磷的垂直剖面分布特征表明,土壤表层有机碳、全氮、无机氮和全磷含量明显高于各底层,以芦苇为主要植被的盐化草甸土各剖面的营养元素含量高于以翅碱蓬为主的滨海潮滩盐土含量.5月芦苇对氮磷的积累量高于10月,且氮磷含量在芦苇地上器官的分布趋势为叶>茎>穗.植被的生长对湿地土壤中生源要素碳、氮和磷含量的季节变化有重要影响,其对营养元素氮、磷的累积降低了表层土壤中氮、磷的储量. 相似文献
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滨海盐沼的碳库变化可为蓝碳碳汇核算提供依据。为量化短时间尺度(季节到年际尺度)内滨海盐沼碳库的固碳速率，基于高分辨率的地表高程监测系统，于2022年在杭州湾南岸典型滨海盐沼开展了季节性的观测和采样分析。研究结果表明，在观测期间，本地种海三棱藨草和外来种互花米草的生长呈现季节性变化特征，植物生长主要集中在3—9月。就植物碳库的地下部分而言，海三棱藨草固碳量达到11 g C·m-2,互花米草盐沼则较高，为56 g C·m-2。地表高程监测数据表明，海三棱藨草盐沼的沉积速率为12.30 cm·a-1,略低于互花米草盐沼的沉积速率(13.02 cm·a-1)。结合沉积速率与沉积物容重、有机碳含量等数据，可以算得观测期间，海三棱藨草盐沼沉积物碳埋藏速率为460 g C·m-2·a-1,互花米草盐沼沉积物碳埋藏速率为588 g C·m-2·a-1,这两种滨海湿地的碳埋藏速率也具有季节性，在夏、秋季达到高值。结合植物碳库和沉积... 相似文献
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以1955~2004年遥感影像为数据源,结合野外调查,运用景观生态学原理,研究50 a间北海市滨海湿地的景观格局及其动态变化。结果表明,50 a间北海市滨海湿地呈整体退化趋势,潮间砂质海滩、潮间淤泥质海滩、红树林滩、小型岛屿湿地减少;景观格局指数显示1977年、1998年是北海市滨海湿地较明显变化的拐点。1977年人类活动影响增加,滨海湿地稍有退化,湿地景观多样性指数减小,优势度指数增加,均匀度指数减小、景观总面积指数降至最低值。1988年湿地保护力度加大,湿地略为好转,景观多样性指数、优势度指数、均匀度指数则呈相反规律。1998年湿地受到的极端气候灾害、人类干扰程度加大,平均斑块分形维数下降,斑块密度指数、景观斑块数破碎化指数呈最高值。湿地景观格局指数的变化,反映了围垦改造、互花米草的生物入侵、城市污染、极端气候灾害等对景观格局的影响,人类活动是北海市滨海湿地景观格局变化的主要驱动因子。 相似文献
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The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ～200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ～380 km from the coast at a depth of ～250 m above the sea level. 相似文献
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We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances
using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium
partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and
in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority
accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative
abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability. 相似文献
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We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the
Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of
rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the
transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic
regime of the sea.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
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V. A. Ivanov S. P. Lyubartseva N. Mikhailova N. B. Shapiro 《Physical Oceanography》2001,11(6):509-524
We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an
ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics
is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of
a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic
elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as
a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water
area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the
shelf zone and open sea.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
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Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m3 from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m3 on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area. 相似文献
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Relationship between the path of the Kuroshio in the south of Japan and the path of the Kuroshio Extension in the east 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry
dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly
goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with
the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then
passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state. 相似文献
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I. E. Timchenko A. A. Primalenny V. D. Yarin E. F. Vasechkina E. M. Igumnova 《Physical Oceanography》2001,11(4):367-378
We use many-year archival observations of hydrologic and hydrobiologic state of the Sea of Azov for the identification of
the structure of a model of its ecosystem. The ecosystem model, supplemented with expert estimates of bioresource consumption
(fish reserve), contamination level, and possible ecologic fines for violation of the sea natural state, is formalized by
the method of system dynamics. Hereat, the major part of influence functions is found in terms of observational data with
application of self-organization algorithms. We also present the results of simulated experiments with the model of the ecosystem,
which enable us to analyse scenarios of its behaviour under the influence of various external factors (wind, river discharge,
water exchange with the Black Sea, etc.).
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
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E. L. Vinogradova 《Oceanology》2008,48(4):483-492
The spatiotemporal variability of the hydrochemical composition of the riverine runoff in nearmouth areas is presented using the example of selected rivers of the Arctic Basin. The temporal dynamics of the riverine nutrient runoff are mainly determined by the seasonal and interseasonal variations in the drainage basins. The spatial variations in the chemical composition of riverine waters in the near-mouth areas are mainly caused by the dynamics of the water flow and the river bed relief and, to a lesser degree, by biochemical processes. It is shown that the variations in the nutrient composition of the waters in near-mouth areas are comparable in magnitude to those at the river-sea geochemical barriers. 相似文献
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The methodology and the first results of the computations of the volumes, masses, and growth rates of the sedimentary body of the buried Black Sea basin are presented. Their temporal evolution reflects the regional paleogeodynamics, in particular, the reorientation of the vector of the relative movement of the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates and the related intensification of their collision in the late Miocene-Pliocene. 相似文献
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Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - Analysis of the temporal variations of the virtual heights of the sporadic E layer (h?ES) determined from ionograms with increased accuracy (1... 相似文献