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1.
白玉川  谢琦  徐海珏 《海洋通报》2019,38(2):141-149
本文利用 1962 年、1986 年以及 2015 年的三个典型年代的实测资料建立黄河口数学模型,并对河口潮流场和潮流特征进行模拟,借用 MATLAB 软件进行分潮调和分析,得到黄河口近 60 年潮流特征以及各个阶段的潮流演化过程,得出以下结论:(1) 1962 年河口流场较为平整,有明显切变锋形态,该阶段存在两个较为明显的高流速区并且潮流在河口处呈现为往复流;(2) 1986 年黄河三角洲岸线曲折多拐,从湾湾沟到清水沟滋生了多个小型高流速区群,并且潮流在滨海处呈现往复流的形态而在远海处为旋转流; (3) 2015 年涨落潮时潮流在河口处形成明显的环流,此时在沿线凸出沙嘴处会形成 3 个明显的高流速区,并且潮流在大部分区域呈现旋转流而在河口东北向远海处部分区域呈现往复流的特征.  相似文献   

2.
本文通过旋转平台实验室实验的方法,探讨了双河口情况下两个羽流将如何发生相互作用。在研究中,提出了一种新颖的技术对河口羽流的各切面流场进行测量,来获得河口羽流多个平面的速度场及涡度场,并基于此模拟了双河口羽流系统的准三维结构。通过对不同入流速度下的双河口羽流流场演变过程和内部结构进行了一系列对比研究,以期揭示上游河流的入流如何影响下游河口涡旋的形成及在羽流相互作用情形下各个羽流的演变。实验结果表明:随着上游入流流量的增加,上游羽流形成的沿岸流对下游河口涡旋沿岸迁移的促进和离岸输运的抑制作用将更加显著。特别是在上游入流流量等于或大于下游入流流量的情况下,下游羽流河口涡旋的体积增长明显较单一河口情况放缓。在上游入流流量较大的情况下,下游原有河口涡旋被推向更下游位置,在远离河口的位置形成另一个河口涡旋。在垂直方向上,我们可以观察到高上游入流流量条件下的下游河口涡旋的深度较小,更有利于形成三层流体的情况。本研究对多河口近海流域的营养盐及污染物的输运情况等社会和生态问题的研究有着重要的意义。  相似文献   

3.
刘秋兴  李铖 《海洋通报》2017,36(2):135-142
河口地区是河流与海洋相互作用的集中交汇区,也是上游洪水、天文潮和风暴潮等各种动力要素的综合作用区,该区域的水动力研究尤为复杂。长江作为我国第一大河,上游洪水对河口地区的影响尤其明显,特别是天文高潮、风暴潮与洪峰效应相叠加时(俗称"三碰头"),往往会对沿岸造成严重的海洋灾害。以长江大通水文站为上边界建立了一个适合于长江口地区的精细化天文潮、风暴潮和洪水耦合模型,通过对近年来影响长江口的典型台风风暴潮过程的模拟发现,耦合洪水后模型计算结果与实测更为吻合。通过理想数值实验,充分考虑天文潮、风暴潮和洪水的相互作用,定量分析了不同径流量对长江口不同区域的影响,并给出了在不同上游洪水流量和不同台风强度组合情景下,洪水对长江口地区水位的影响以及长江口地区可能出现的高水位。  相似文献   

4.
1992的东海黑潮的变异   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
基于1992年4个航次的水文调查资料,运用改进逆方法计算了东海黑潮的流速、流量和热通量,计算结果表明:(1)PN断面黑潮在春季和秋季有两个流核,冬季和夏季则只有一个流核,主核心皆位于坡折处,Vmax值春季最大,冬季和夏季次之,而秋季最小,黑潮以东及以下都存在逆流,(2)TK断面黑潮在科季为两核,春、夏季为3核,海峡南端及海峡深处存在西向逆流,(3)通过A断面的对马暖流Vmax值在秋季最大,冬季最小  相似文献   

5.
本文根据1991年11月15日 ̄12月20日中国世界大洋环流实验首航ADCP测流资料并结合日本气象厅的ACM次表层测流资料,描述了菲律宾以东的海流特征。同时应用该航次CTP资料计算了各观测断面的地转流流量,并用盐度跟踪讨论了北赤道逆流、黑潮和棉兰老海流的水源。计算和分析表明,本航次期间有3个强流区,即黑潮源头区,棉兰老沿岸区和北赤道逆流区。此外,本航次本区海流特征与1986/1987ENSO事件同  相似文献   

6.
小河口与大河口的羽流特征具有显著的不同,其更多地受风、径流的变化所控制。文章以海南博鳌万泉河口为例,研究其河口羽流的季节性变化特征,以及洪水对河口羽流的影响。采用动量平衡方法,分析了万泉河口羽流的动力特征。结果表明,万泉河口羽流具有显著的季节性变化,羽流的扩展路径与范围主要受径流和风的控制,夏季时以向外海与向上游方向(相对于开尔文波的传播方向)扩展为主,而冬季时则向下游扩展。夏季的羽流范围大于冬季。一次近2天的洪水可极大地影响羽流的范围及盐度大小,盐度减小1‰的范围可达300km2。但洪水过后,在风与潮汐的混合作用下,河口近岸的盐度可较为快速地恢复到洪水前水平。在羽流的远场区域,流速切线方向主要为压强梯度力与摩擦力的平衡,而在法线方向则为地转平衡;在近场切线方向主要为平流项、压力梯度项与摩擦力项的平衡,而法线方向则主要为压强梯度力与离心力之间的平衡,科氏力项可忽略不计,这与中纬度大河口的近场动力特征具有明显不同。  相似文献   

7.
长江河口环流及其对悬沙输移的影响   总被引:28,自引:8,他引:20  
本文根据大量实测资料着重分析长江河口的混合类型、环流模式及其对悬沙输移的影响。研究表明,长江口的混合类型随洪枯季、大小潮而变,又因地点而异,北支以C型为主,北港、北槽、南槽以B型为主。北港、北槽和南槽在径流、潮流、盐淡水异重流共同作用下,存在上层水流净向海,下层水流在滞流点下游净向陆的河口环流。悬沙输移模式和河口环流模式相似。最大浑浊带、浮泥、航道拦门沙的位置及变化规律与滞流点相一致,其形成和变化与河口环流密切关联。  相似文献   

8.
掺铝氧化锌厚膜制备及其对三甲胺和海产品鲜度的敏感性   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
用烧结法制备掺铝氧化锌厚膜,把氧化锌粉末分别同0%,1%,3%,5%的Al2O3粉末机械研磨混合均匀,在1100℃下烧3h,再同粘合剂,有机溶剂混合制成浆料,用刮刀法在氧化铝基片上浆料制成膜,在100℃下烘干后再经1100℃烧结2h。膜的灵敏度的测量方法是将膜放在玻璃管内加热到测量温度,测量膜暴露在一定浓度TMA气体或由牡蛎放出的气体时电阻值的变化。测量温度为200,250,300℃和400℃,T  相似文献   

9.
渤海莱州湾南岸,是我国海水入侵灾害最严重的岸段。依据入侵物源可将广义海水入侵划分为两种基本类型:来源于现代海水的狭义海水入侵和物源于浅层第四纪沉积层中古海水(包括一般地下咸水及地下卤水)的地下咸水入侵。它们的成因、机理和危害差异明显;地下卤水入侵是一种特殊类型,造灾程度最高。海岸地貌和第四纪水文地质环境,是控制海水入侵类型区划的主导因素。莱州湾南岸不同岸段海岸环境差异,形成了海水入侵区、地下咸水入侵区和海、咸水混合入侵区3种类型区,可具体区划为:莱州市北部海岸海水入侵区,胶莱河-沙河河口平源海、咸水混合入侵区,昌邑北部潍河河口平原海、咸水混合入侵区,寿光北部平原地下咸水入侵区等4个区。类型区划分将有助于海水入侵灾害防治工程。  相似文献   

10.
混合流成沙波迁移中的砂粒运动MiwaYokokawa等混合流即波浪与潮流相结合的流动,它已引起沉积学家的广泛关注.混合流沙波在下列环境中有较多报道,即现代及古代的潮流影响区、古风暴、滨面及陆架环境等.混合流沙波以圆的、不对称形态为特征,其中圆形剖面为...  相似文献   

11.
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance.  相似文献   

12.
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm.  相似文献   

13.
海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明:土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。  相似文献   

14.
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths.  相似文献   

15.
Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations.  相似文献   

16.
17.
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement.  相似文献   

18.
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested.  相似文献   

19.
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria ( 〉 99% ), but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments ( ≥ 98.8% ), including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level.  相似文献   

20.
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