共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
2.
径潮相互作用是感潮河段水动力变化的典型特征，受其影响潮波传播具有明显的洪枯季及沿程变化。本文基于长江感潮河段天生港、江阴、镇江、南京、马鞍山及芜湖6个潮位站2002?2014年连续高低潮位资料及大通站月均流量数据，统计分析长江感潮河段潮波振幅衰减率、潮波传播速度及余水位坡度等传播特征值的洪枯季及沿程变化特征，并探讨这些潮波传播特征的变化规律及其主要影响因素。结果表明，潮波传播特征的洪枯季差异自上游至下游逐渐减小，其分界点位于天生港与江阴之间（其中，天生港和江阴站的多年平均洪枯季潮差差值约为0.01 m和?0.04 m）；径流动力对潮波衰减的影响主要位于江阴以上河段，江阴以下河段主要受潮汐动力控制；径流驱动下余水位坡度引起的余水位及水深增加，导致潮波传播的有效摩擦减小，当流量超过某个阈值时潮波振幅衰减反而减弱，特别是上游马鞍山-芜湖段最为明显，统计结果表明该河段流量阈值约为33 000 m3/s。本文分析结果作为前人研究的重要补充，可为长江河口感潮河段径潮相互作用机制研究及河口治理等提供基础参考。 相似文献
3.
4.
5.
《热带海洋学报》2021,(4)
珠江"伶仃洋河口湾-虎门-潮汐通道"是珠江河口"网-湾"系统中的特殊地貌结构,属潮优型河口,潮波传播受河口湾地形辐聚效应、口门转换效应、潮汐通道辐散效应和底床摩擦等显著影响,其时空变化复杂。本文根据珠江"伶仃洋河口湾-虎门-潮汐通道"的代表潮位站(赤湾、泗盛围和黄埔)1990—2016年逐日高、低潮位资料,采用经典调和分析方法提取出主要天文分潮的调和常数,通过计算获得了分潮振幅梯度及传播速度,并在此基础上分析了伶仃洋河口湾(赤湾-泗盛围)、潮汐通道(泗盛围-黄埔)和总程(赤湾-泗盛围-黄埔)的潮波传播时空特征。结果表明:全日分潮的振幅梯度和传播速度年均变化率均比半日分潮大,其中K_1和O_1分潮的振幅梯度平均每年分别增加9%和18%,传播速度每年均增加1.4%; M_2和S_2分潮的振幅梯度平均每年分别增加3%和6%,传播速度每年均增加1%。人类活动导致地形异变,进而驱动潮波亦发生突变,伶仃洋河口湾和潮汐通道的M_2分潮传播速度突变年份不同,分别为2009年和2000年。潮波传播速度突变后,伶仃洋河口湾、潮汐通道两区段的传播速度和振幅梯度的关系也发生了变化。 相似文献
6.
首先给出了基于GNSS-MR技术提取潮波系数的原理与方法,然后利用布设在浙江省石浦港验潮室屋顶的GPS站DSPU实测数据对潮波系数进行了提取,并与验潮站实测潮位调和分析结果进行了对比分析。实验结果表明GPS-MR反演潮位与验潮站实测潮位值吻合较好,相关系数优于0.97;GPS-MR反演潮位与验潮站实测潮位获取的潮波系数基本一致,除M2、S2外其它差异较小。两者获取的潮波系数差异主要因为DSPU测站观测环境极大地影响了GPS-MR提取潮位精度。沿海GNSS站用于潮位监测和潮波系数提取,将进一步拓展沿海GNSS监测站的应用领域,在一定程度上可弥补验潮站的不足。 相似文献
7.
珠江“伶仃洋河口湾-虎门-潮汐通道”是珠江河口“网-湾”系统中的特殊地貌结构, 属潮优型河口, 潮波传播受河口湾地形辐聚效应、口门转换效应、潮汐通道辐散效应和底床摩擦等显著影响, 其时空变化复杂。本文根据珠江“伶仃洋河口湾-虎门-潮汐通道”的代表潮位站(赤湾、泗盛围和黄埔)1990—2016年逐日高、低潮位资料, 采用经典调和分析方法提取出主要天文分潮的调和常数, 通过计算获得了分潮振幅梯度及传播速度, 并在此基础上分析了伶仃洋河口湾(赤湾-泗盛围)、潮汐通道(泗盛围-黄埔)和总程(赤湾-泗盛围-黄埔)的潮波传播时空特征。结果表明: 全日分潮的振幅梯度和传播速度年均变化率均比半日分潮大, 其中K1和O1分潮的振幅梯度平均每年分别增加9%和18%, 传播速度每年均增加1.4%; M2和S2分潮的振幅梯度平均每年分别增加3%和6%, 传播速度每年均增加1%。人类活动导致地形异变, 进而驱动潮波亦发生突变, 伶仃洋河口湾和潮汐通道的M2分潮传播速度突变年份不同, 分别为2009年和2000年。潮波传播速度突变后, 伶仃洋河口湾、潮汐通道两区段的传播速度和振幅梯度的关系也发生了变化。 相似文献
8.
为掌握钱塘江河口潮波特性的响应机制，采用小波分析法研究了该河口 6 个潮位长期观测站的年平均高、低潮位及年平均涨潮历时等时间序列的变化特征，结合该河口实施的治江缩窄工程及径流周期性变化，探讨了该河口潮波特性时空变
化的因果关系。结果表明：1953—2017 年，钱塘江河口呈现出高潮位显著抬升、涨潮历时缩短，低潮位在河口上段略有抬高、中段大幅抬升、下段变化不大的趋势；受治江缩窄工程进展、位置以及径流周期性变化等影响，各站潮波特性的变化在时间上存在差异；钱塘江河口的治江缩窄工程加剧了河口下段的潮波变形和潮波反射，增强了河口上、中段的河流特性，导致高潮位抬升、涨潮历时缩短，是造成潮波特性变化的主要原因；径流直接影响河口上、中段的潮位和潮流，此外，还通过流速变化改变河床地形而间接影响潮波特性。 相似文献
9.
横向汊道对维持珠江河网径潮动力格局的稳定发挥着重要作用,研究其径潮动力时空演变过程及规律对粤港澳大湾区的防洪、供水和通航等具有重要意义。本文基于1966—2016年“南沙—南华”横向汊道沿程潮位站的逐日高低潮位数据及马口、三水水文站的日均流量数据,采用双累积曲线方法及T＿TIDE潮汐调和分析模型,分析了该横向汊道径潮动力的时空差异性。结果表明:1) 1993年为该横向汊道径潮动力的异变年份,1993年后横向汊道潮波振幅梯度绝对值与余水位梯度多年均值降幅分别为25%和38%; 2)强人类活动干预后该横向汊道径潮动力变化存在时空差异性, 1993年后口门南沙站潮动力减弱(M2与K1分潮振幅多年平均降幅分别为0.01m和0.02m),其他站点潮动力增强,潮波衰减效应在中游略有增强,而在上游和下游减弱,且夏季比冬季变化显著; 3)上述时空差异性受自然变化与人类活动的非线性累积影响。口门附近高强度的围垦叠加航道整治工程使得口门快速延伸,导致潮波传播阻力增大,而横向汊道上游高强度的采砂活动使得地形显著下切,导致潮波传播阻力减小;受上游流量与下游海平面季节性变化的叠加影响,横向汊道径潮动力变化在夏季... 相似文献
10.
利用实测资料分析重构了大亚湾和大鹏湾潮汐水位“双峰”现象,确定了浅水分潮的异常增长是潮位“双峰”现象的主要成因,其中四分之一日分潮和六分之一日分潮起着至关重要的作用。通过SCHISM模型构建大亚湾和大鹏湾附近海域高分辨率水动力模型,模拟结果表明近岸海域,在大亚湾以东,潮汐类型为不规则全日潮,以西为不规则半日潮,在两个海湾内均为不规则半日潮;研究海域的潮流均表现为不规则半日潮流。四分之一日分潮和六分之一日分潮在大亚湾和大鹏湾的不同变形过程是造成两个相邻海湾水文差异的直接原因。通过构建不同底摩擦强度、消除水底地形以及改变海湾水深的数值实验研究表明,分潮传播方向与水深变浅方向是否一致,是导致两个海湾潮波浅水变形不同的根本原因。 相似文献
11.
径流量变化对长江口水动力特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了研究径流量变化对长江口水动力特性的影响,利用MIKE21建立长江口水动力数学模型,分别模拟计算长江口不同径流量影响的潮流场,统计分析不同径流量时各汊道涨落潮量和净泄量以及分配比例;统计分析不同径流量对各汊道潮位变化的影响;统计分析不同径流量对北槽中下段水动力特性的影响。得到如下结论:1)径流量的变化对于涨潮分流的影响显著,随着径流量的增加,更多的潮流从北支、北港、南槽进入长江口内。当上游的径流动力增强,外海潮流受上游径流的阻挡,难以继续上溯。2)越是靠近上游,径流量的变化对平均潮位的影响程度越高,入海口处受径流的影响微弱;上游径流量越大,潮波向内陆传播越受阻,能量消耗越大,致使其动力减弱。3)径流量的变化对平均流速的影响与上述潮位变化类似,上游径流量越大,各汊道流速越大;越靠近海洋,径流影响越小。4)长江口北槽中下段转流时刻会出现平面对流现象。横向方向上普遍存在越堤水流,且南北导堤均为北向越堤流占优势。 相似文献
12.
A study of sea surface wave propagation and its energy deformation was carried out using field observations and numerical experiments over a region spanning the midshelf of the South Atlantic Bight (SAB) to the Altamaha River Estuary, GA. Wave heights on the shelf region correlate with the wind observations and directional observations show that most of the wave energy is incident from the easterly direction. Comparing midshelf and inner shelf wave heights during a time when there was no wind and hence no wave development led to an estimation of wave energy dissipation due to bottom friction with corresponding wave dissipation factor of 0.07 for the gently sloping continental shelf of the SAB. After interacting with the shoaling region of the Altamaha River, the wave energy within the estuary becomes periodic in time showing wave energy during flood to high water phase of the tide and very little wave energy during ebb to low water. This periodic modulation inside the estuary is a direct result of enhanced depth and current-induced wave breaking that occurs at the ebb shoaling region surrounding the Altamaha River mouth at longitude 81.23°W. Modelling results with STWAVE showed that depth-induced wave breaking is more important during the low water phase of the tide than current-induced wave breaking during the ebb phase of the tide. During the flood to high water phase of the tide, wave energy propagates into the estuary. Measurements of the significant wave height within the estuary showed a maximum wave height difference of 0.4 m between the slack high water (SHW) and slack low water (SLW). In this shallow environment these wave–current interactions lead to an apparent bottom roughness that is increased from typical hydraulic roughness values, leading to an enhanced bottom friction coefficient. 相似文献
13.
人类活动对河口环境影响巨大,揭示在强人类活动驱动下河口径潮动力非线性相互作用的异变特征,有利于了解人类活动影响河口动力地貌的机制,对河口区水利工程建设及环境保护等具有重要指导意义。基于1960—2016年珠江磨刀门河口沿程潮位站(甘竹、竹银、灯笼山、三灶)的逐月高、低潮位数据及马口水文站的月均流量数据,统计分析了磨刀门河口在强人类活动驱动下月均水位、潮波振幅及其空间梯度(即月均水位坡度和潮波振幅衰减率)的季节性异变特征。结果表明,1990年和2000年为磨刀门河口径潮动力的异变年份, 1990年前为自然演变阶段, 2000年后为恢复调整阶段,1990—2000年为过渡阶段;高强度采砂导致的河床下切使磨刀门河口月均水位及月均水位坡度显著减小,夏季减小幅度最为明显,沿程平均分别减小0.53m和8.93×10~(-6);月均水位坡度减小导致潮波衰减效应减弱,进而使沿程潮波振幅增大,多年平均增大0.071m;磨刀门河口径潮动力相互作用具有明显的季节性差异,夏季月均水位坡度随流量增大在上游抬升明显,冬季月均水位坡度在上游显著减小,但在下游略有抬升;随着流量的增大潮波振幅的衰减作用增强,但当流量超过阈值20000m~3/s时,月均水位坡度引起的底床摩擦增大效应不足以抵消横截面积辐散效应,潮波衰减效应略有减弱。 相似文献
14.
The rise of tidal level in tidal reaches induced by sea-level rise has a large impact on flood control and water supply for the regions around the estuary.This paper focuses on the variations of tidal level response along the tidal reaches in the Yangtze Estuary,as well as the impacts of upstream discharge on tidal level response,due to the sea-level rise of the East China Sea.Based on the Topex/Poseidon altimeter data obtained during the period 1993～2005,a stochastic dynamic analysis was performed and a forecast model was run to predict the sea-level rise of the East China Sea.Two-dimensional hydrodynamic numerical models downscaling from the East China Sea to estuarine areas were implemented to analyze the rise of tidal level along the tidal reaches.In response to the sea-level rise,the tidal wave characteristics change slightly in nearshore areas outside the estuaries,involving the tidal range and the duration of flood and ebb tide.The results show that the rise of tidal level in the tidal reaches due to the sea-level rise has upstream decreasing trends.The step between the stations of Zhangjiagang and Shiyiwei divides the tidal reaches into two parts,in which the tidal level response declines slightly.The rise of tidal level is 1～2.5 mm/a in the upper part,and 4～6 mm/a in the lower part.The stations of Jiangyin and Yanglin,as an example of the upper part and the lower part respectively,are extracted to analyze the impacts of upstream discharge on tidal level response to the sea-level rise.The relation between the rise of tidal level and the upstream discharge can be fitted well with a quadratic function in the upper part.However,the relation is too complicated to be fitted in the lower part because of the tide dominance.For comparison purposes,hourly tidal level observations at the stations of Xuliujing and Yanglin during the period 1993～2009 are adopted.In order to uniform the influence of upstream discharge on tidal level for a certain day each year,the hourly tidal level observations are corrected by the correlation between the increment of tidal level and the increment of daily mean upstream discharge.The rise of annual mean tidal level is evaluated.The resulting rise of tidal level at the stations of Xuliujing and Yanglin is 3.0 mm/a and 6.6 mm/a respectively,close to the rise of 5 mm/a according to the proposed relation between the rise of tidal level and the upstream discharge. 相似文献
15.
由于实际江道中地形和江道轮廓等复杂性,难以分析涌潮演变规律。以钱塘江河口为基础,建立了概化河口的水动力数学模型,将复杂问题简单化,通过数学模型计算分析了径流和风况对潮差、涨潮历时、涌潮高度和涌潮传播速度的影响。结果表明,不同河段存在涌潮高度最大值的相应临界流量,越往下游,临界径流量越大;涌潮高度随风向变化规律是"逆风"<"无风"<"顺风";顺风条件下,风速越大,涌潮高度越大。 相似文献
16.
长江干流江苏段地处长江下游河口地区,全线位于感潮河段,沿程水位既受上游长江径流、外海潮位、台风的影响,也受到工情变化、支流入汇等影响。长江江苏段现行洪潮设计水位是按《长江流域综合利用规划简要报告》(1990年)中确定的无台风影响水位实施。近年来,由于上游水、沙、工情条件变化,开展上游大通径流、风暴潮、区间入汇等对沿程洪潮水位的影响研究十分必要。建立大通至长江口二维水沙数学模型与外海风暴潮模型,研究不同影响因素作用下长江干流江苏段沿程洪潮设计水位变化。研究成果表明:南京河段水位主要受上游径流影响;江阴以下主要受外海潮汐及风暴潮的影响;南京至江阴段则受上游径流、外海潮汐、风暴潮三者的共同作用影响。外海天文大潮、风暴潮"两碰头"和上游大径流、外海天文大潮与风暴潮"三碰头"引起的沿程增水值呈驼峰分布,最大值分别发生在江阴和天生港附近,最大增幅1.65 m。研究结果已为长江江苏段堤防防洪能力提升工程建设提供技术支撑。 相似文献
17.
The relative impacts of tidal (neap, spring) and river discharge (including a flood event) forcing upon water and sediment circulation have been examined at the rock-bound Guadiana estuary. Near-bed and vertical profiles of current, salinity, turbidity, plus surface suspended sediment concentrations (SSC, at some stations only), were collected at the lower and central/upper estuary during tidal and fortnightly cycles. In addition, vertical salinity and turbidity profiles were collected around high and low water along the estuary. Tidal asymmetry produced faster currents on the ebb than on the flood, especially at the mouth. This pattern of seaward current dominance was enhanced with increasing river flow, due to horizontal advection that was confined within the narrow estuarine channel. The freshwater inputs and, at a degree less, the tidal range controlled the vertical mixing and stratification importance. Well-mixed (spring) and partially stratified (neap) conditions alternated during periods of low river flows, with significant intratidal variations induced by tidal straining (especially at the partially stratified estuary). Highly stratified conditions developed with increasing river discharge. Intratidal variability in the pycnocline depth and thickness resulted from current shear during the ebb. A salt wedge with tidal motion was observed at the lower estuary during the flood event. Depending on the intensity of turbulent mixing, the residual water circulation was dominantly controlled either by tidal asymmetry or gravitational circulation. The SSC was governed by cyclical local processes (resuspension, deposition, mixing, advection) driven by the neap-spring fluctuations in tidal current velocities. More, intratidal variability in stratification indicated the significance of tidal pumping at the partially and highly stratified estuary. The estuary turbidity maximum (ETM) was enhanced with increasing current velocities, and displaced downstream during periods of high river discharge. During the flood event, the ETM was expelled out of the estuary, and the SSC along the estuary was controlled by the sediment load from the drainage basin. Under these highly variable river flow conditions, our observations suggest that sand is exported to the nearshore over the long-term (>years). 相似文献
18.
长江口北港口门海域悬沙输运机制分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据2012年10月24日至11月1日在长江口北港口门海域获取的沉积动力学数据,采用输运通量分解方法分析水沙输运机制。结果表明,长江口北港口门附近海域涨、落潮期间底部悬沙浓度与近底部流速呈显著线性相关,存在显著的再悬浮作用;潮周期内的悬沙输运具不对称特征,涨潮悬沙浓度大于落潮悬沙浓度,悬浮泥沙有向陆输运的趋势。拉格朗日平流输运是影响悬沙输运的主要贡献项;潮泵效应(尤其是潮汐捕捉效应)以及河口垂向环流作用是两个次要影响因素,在影响程度上前者比后者略大。观测发现,长江口北港口门海域潮流除了具有涨落潮流速、历时等不对称现象外,还具有流速结构不对称的特征,进而导致涨、落潮底部湍流混合程度不对称与输沙不对称,这可能是造成悬沙向河口内输运形成最大浑浊带的重要因素。 相似文献