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粘土中吸力锚沉贯阻力与土塞形成试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对粘土中吸力锚沉贯的两个关键性问题--沉贯阻力和土塞形成过程,在自行研制的试验平台上进行一系列吸力锚沉贯室内模型试验.试验结果表明,负压抽吸对筒壁内部土体的影响较大,而对外侧土体的影响很小;由压力沉贯向吸力沉贯转换后,土体阻力会先降低,再随着沉贯的进行逐渐增大,并超过采用压贯方式的土体阻力;前期压贯深度的变化带来了不同的内部泥面下陷,这对吸力沉贯开始阶段的土塞发展影响不大,当土塞加速隆起后,压贯越深的情况土塞发展越迅速;在粘土中进行吸力沉贯时,API规范对最大容许吸力估算较为准确,但是需提供比API规范更大的沉贯吸力才能保持沉贯的进行,而且沉贯过程中土塞的高度大于由于简裙下插置换土体所带来的高度. 相似文献
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吸力基础与海洋工程大直径钢桩相比，具有成本低、安装周期短、对环境影响小、不受海况影响及可回收再利用等优点，近年来在海上风电工程中得到推广应用。吸力基础沉贯至海床预定位置，是其发挥承载力和确保服役稳定性的前提。海床地基土体常以分层土形式分布，且各层土体强度、压缩性和渗透性等存在显著差别，导致吸力基础吸力沉贯机理非常复杂。明确吸力基础在分层土中沉贯特性，有助于指导吸力基础在海上风电工程中的推广应用。对目前吸力基础在分层土中沉贯特性研究进行综述和总结，归纳了其沉贯机理研究进展，并对影响吸力基础在分层土中沉贯因素进行了分析；提出了分层土中吸力基础沉贯的研究方向和改进的沉贯方法。 相似文献
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针对吸力式沉箱在黏性底床中沉贯安装的减阻问题,基于黏性泥沙的流变特性,开展了一系列不同振动荷载作用下的室内沉贯模型试验,分析了振动荷载对吸力式沉箱沉贯过程的影响和沉贯减阻效果。试验结果表明：在压力沉贯阶段或吸力沉贯阶段施加高频振动荷载,均能促使吸力式沉箱侧壁周围的土体发生流化,有效降低沉箱的沉贯阻力;减阻效果与振动频率和沉箱的长径比有关,与振动频率成正比,与沉箱的长径比成反比;存在一个临界频率,当振动频率大于该频率后,沉贯阻力随频率的减小不明显;施加高频振动荷载有助于减小吸力沉贯阶段沉箱内的土塞高度,促进沉箱沉贯到位。研究成果可为黏性泥沙流变减阻技术在吸力式沉箱中的应用提供理论依据和技术参考。 相似文献
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桶形基础及其作用下的粉质土海床失稳机制研究的试验设计 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在阅读、分析以往的有关资料的基础上 ,结合实际的试验条件 ,对桶形基础及其作用下的粉质土海床失稳机制研究的试验作出了专门设计。该设计通过配土、设计模型桶基和负压沉贯的操作过程、设置孔压传感器等实验手段 ,努力从土体破坏的角度 ,寻求负压沉贯过程中沉贯负压、沉贯阻力及孔隙水压力之间的变化关系和确定桶基的上拔力。并且指出了数据处理的基本思路 ,以利于课题的深入研究。 相似文献
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海上平台桶形基础模型压力压贯与负压沉贯试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
介绍了海上平台桶形基础模型（模型桶）压力压贯和负压沉贯的试验概况,对比分析了两者贯入力的巨大差异和产生的原因,给出了模型桶压力压贯中贯入深度与压力的关系,负压没贯负压与贯入深度,抽吸泵流量,基土渗流量,桶内土塞隆起之间的关系,试验结果表明,负压沉贯可以大大降低以砂质粉土为基土的土抗力,为在胜利油田类似基土海域海上平台应用桶形基础提供了试验依据,为海上现场导管架桶形基础平台的安装就位施工和控制提供了 相似文献
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通过对7个不同材料及大小的模型桶基在粉土中的负压沉贯实验过程中的沉贯速度、沉贯负压、桶内表层土中产生的渗流梯度和桶内土塞率的大小的比较,揭示了比尺不同的桶基对贯入过程的影响,为桶基设计和施工提供依据。 相似文献
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通过两组不同水平荷载作用下吸力式沉箱基础长期模型试验,对吸力式沉箱基础随时间的位移变化规律以及土压力分布规律进行了研究。试验结果表明:在长期模型试验中位移发展主要集中在试验前期,后期位移稳定需要更长时间,土体流变效应较为明显。土压力沿深度分布曲线呈抛物形状,表明沉箱基础在水平荷载作用下为转动模式,随时间增加被动区土压力变化呈增大趋势,主动区土压力呈减小趋势。土压力发展主要集中在试验前期,后期土压力变化相对较小,但土压力稳定所需时间较长,同时荷载值越大土压力稳定所需时间越长。 相似文献
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防沉板基础裙板入泥阻力计算和长度设计是海洋工程水下生产系统基础设计的关键,基于南海番禺和荔湾地区水下防沉板基础裙板贯入模拟试验,验证了Lunne和Eide等建立的裙板入泥阻力经验计算方法对南海水下生产系统防沉板裙板设计的可靠性,确定了南海地区裙板入泥的端部阻力系数(0.320～0.360)和侧摩阻力系数(0.008～0.014 5),为南海水下生产系统防沉板基础裙板入泥阻力计算和裙板长度设计提供了依据,确保了南海地区水下生产系统的顺利安装。在工程地质调查时,既可以进行土壤钻孔取样并与已开展裙板贯入模拟试验的番禺和荔湾地区土壤组成和粒度对比,也可开展静力触探试验或裙板贯入模拟试验,得到裙板入泥的端部阻力系数和侧摩阻力系数。 相似文献
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ABSTRACTThe suction caisson is commonly a top-closed cylindrical steel structure with large diameter, short length and much thinner skirt wall thickness. The resistance to penetrating is calculated as the sum of the tip bearing capacity and the adhesion on the both sides of the skirt wall. Since the thickness of the skirt wall is very small, the downward adhesion produced by the skirt wall will cause the additional vertical stress and shear stress in the soil at the skirt tip level, increasing the skirt tip resistance. However, the increase in skirt tip resistance caused by the additional vertical stress rather than shear stress in soil at the skirt tip level was only considered, this may lead to an inaccurate estimation for the tip bearing capacity and the suction required. Thus, a modified slip-line field is put forward in this study to estimate the tip resistance. The expression of obtaining the minimum suction to install the suction caisson in clay is derived in terms of the force equilibrium. Results from calculations of the minimum suction have been proved to be in a good agreement with the measured data. 相似文献
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Hasan Firat Pulat 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(5):466-472
The present study examines the suction characteristics and swelling behavior of clayey soils when exposed to natural seawater with respect to distilled water. The effects of saline waters on the engineering behavior of soils need to be determined since the salinity of the pore fluid of soils near coastal areas increases continuously. Six clayey soil samples with different mineralogy and characteristics were gathered and tested to determine the suction and swelling characteristics in the presence of natural seawater and distilled water. The results show that the total suction values of the samples are higher in the presence of seawater than in distilled water. The samples with high swelling potential have lower matric suction values than nonswelling soils. Moreover, in contrast to swelling-type soils, the matric suction values of the nonswelling soils remain similar in the presence both distilled water and seawater. The modified free swell index (MFSI) of the samples is well correlated with the liquid limit (LL), plasticity index (PI), and cation exchange capacity (CEC) in distilled water. However, coefficients of determination decreased in the presence of seawater. Also, there is no significant correlation existing between total and matric suction values and the MFSI values of the samples. 相似文献
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In the field of ocean engineering, a beginning has been made in the use of large‐sized suction anchors for safe anchoring of large compliant structures. Suction anchors derive most of their uplift resistance from passive suction developed during the pullout movement. This article describes a set of laboratory tests on model suction anchors of three different embedment ratios to estimate the pullout behavior of suction anchors in soft clays typical of Indian marine clays. Tests were conducted on model anchors installed in soil beds prepared at four different consistencies in a test tank. This study shows the influence of soil consistency and embedment ratio (L/D) on the pullout behavior of suction anchors and on the variation of suction pressure at the top of the soil plug. The test results reveal that the behavior of suction anchors is much better than the behavior of open‐ended anchors from the considerations of both capacity and deformation. The consistent development of suction inside the anchor top confirms the plug formation and significant breakout resistance in the form of suction‐induced reversed end bearing. The results are further analyzed in terms of suction breakout factors. Further, the effect of burial depth of suction anchor on pullout behavior is shown. 相似文献
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桶形基础模型负压沉贯的土工技术试验研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
介绍了桶形基础模型的结构,现场原土配置的模型基土以及桶形基础模型在模型基土中的负压沉贯试验,试验中所获得的土工技术经验对海上平台桶形基础的设计和现场安装就位施工有一定的指导作用。 相似文献
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论述了桶形基础负压沉贯在海上试验的方案,方法和过程,以及各种试验数据的取得方法,对桶型基础平台的现场施工具有指导意义。 相似文献
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对桶形基础平台负压沉贯过程中汲水泵机进行了初步水力分析,讨论了不同水深、不同泵机安装高度情况下,桶腔和泵机进口之间的压头关系.这些结果可作为实际工作中选择泵机类型及其安装高度的参考. 相似文献
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天然气水合物具有很高的资源价值,众多国家正在开展相关研究与勘探,试采设备和技术取得了一定的发展,但离商业化开采还有很多关键技术问题需要解决。提出一种新型海域天然气水合物开采装置——吸力筒式开采装置及方法,主要包括开采筒、沉贯水泵和气液举升系统等,其整体由钢结构组合而成,依靠吸力和重力作用进入储层,然后进行降压开采,待作业结束后可回收重复使用。参照我国南海神狐海域地质,从理论上分析了新装置两个不同形态的贯入原理,并通过CMG STARS模拟研究新型开采方法的产能提升情况,由于吸力筒式开采装置能实现更大降压幅度并且扩大水合物分解面积,故产气效率相对于传统方法提高约2.46~11.69倍。吸力筒式开采装置具有结构强度高、开采半径大和施工简便等特点,有望做到“提产降本”,为实现海域天然气水合物商业化开采提供一条新思路。 相似文献
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This article presents a procedure to calculate the bearing capacity of suction anchors subjected to inclined average and cyclic loads at the optimal load attachment point using the undrained cyclic shear strength of soft clays based on the failure model of anchors proposed by Andersen et al. The constant average shear stress of each failure zone around an anchor is assumed and determined based on the static equilibrium condition for the procedure. The cyclic shear strength of each failure zone is determined based on the average shear stress. The cyclic bearing capacity is finally determined by limiting equilibrium analyses. Thirty-six model tests of suction anchors subjected to inclined average and cyclic loads were conducted, which include vertical and lateral failure modes. Model test results were predicted using the procedure to verify its feasibility. The average relative error between predicted and test results is 1.7%, which shows that the procedure can be used to calculate the cyclic bearing capacity of anchors with optimal loading. Test results also showed that the anchor was still in vertical failure mode under combined average and cyclic loads if an anchor was in vertical failure mode under static loads. The anchor failure would depend on the vertical resistance degradation under cyclic loads if an anchor was in lateral failure mode under static loads. Cyclic bearing capacities associated with the number of load cycles to failure of 1000 were about 75% and 80% of the static bearing capacity for vertical failure anchors and lateral failure anchors, respectively. 相似文献
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桶形基础的稳定性试验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
桶形基础平台在环境载荷作用下承力机理不同桩基平台,本文通过室内模型试验分析研究桶形基础的稳定性,给出了部分试验曲线,得出了试验结论,并建议按规范要求进行稳定性设计。 相似文献
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Experimental Study of Pore Pressure and Deformation of Suction Bucket Foundations Under Horizontal Dynamic Loading 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Centrifuge experiments are carried out to investigate the responses of suction bucket foundations under horizontal dynamic loading. The effects of loading amplitude, the size of the bucket and the structural weight on the dynamic responses are investigated. It is shown that, when the loading amplitude is over a critical value, the sand at the upper part around the bucket softens or even liquefies. The liquefaction index （excess pore pressure divided by initial effective stress. In this paper, the developmental degree of excess pore pressure is described by liquefaction index） decreases from the upper part to the lower part of the sand foundation in the vertical direction and decreases from near to far away from the bucket＇s side wall in the horizontal direction, large settlements of the bucket and the sand around the bucket are induced by the horizontal dynamic loading. The dynamic responses of the bucket of a smaller height （when the diameter is the same） are heavier. A cyclic crack some distance near the bucket occurs in the sand. 相似文献