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1.
二氧化碳和阳光紫外辐射对龙须菜生长和光合生理的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为探讨太阳紫外辐射(UVR,280～400 nm)和CO2浓度变化对大型海藻的复合效应,选择了常见的经济海藻龙须菜(Gracilarialemaneiformis)为实验材料,研究了UVR(阳光紫外辐射)和CO2对其生长、光合作用、色素以及紫外吸收物质含量变化的复合作用。实验设置两个CO2梯度(380×10-6和800×10-6)和三种太阳辐射处理(PAB处理——全波长辐射处理,PA辐射处理——滤掉紫外线B和P处理——滤掉全部紫外线)。结果表明,CO2加富(800×10-6)显著地促进了龙须菜的生长,而UVR则产生抑制作用,但两者之间复合作用不显著。UVR促进了藻体的紫外吸收物质的合成,而且在高浓度CO2下经PAB辐射处理的含量要显著高于正常CO2浓度水平下的,这表明高浓度CO2促进了紫外吸收物质的合成。在光合作用受限制的低PAR条件下,紫外线A(UV-A)促进其光合作用,但高浓度CO2却抑制了藻体的光合作用速率。在正常浓度CO2水平下生长的藻体,UVR显著降低其光合作用能力,但是在高浓度CO2下生长的藻体,UVR这种负面效应不显著。UVR显著降低藻红蛋白的含量,高浓度CO2在P和PA辐射处理下也显著降低藻红蛋白的含量,但在PAB辐射处理下却呈现相反的结果。高浓度CO2下生长的藻体通过增加体内紫外吸收物质的含量来维持较高浓度的藻红蛋白含量,增强了其抵御UVR的能力。 相似文献
2.
为探讨太阳紫外辐射(UVR,280~400 nm)和CO2浓度变化对大型海藻的复合效应,选择了常见的经济海藻龙须菜(Gracilaria lemaneiformis)为实验材料,研究了UVR(阳光紫外辐射)和CO2对其生长、光合作用、色素以及紫外吸收物质含量变化的复合作用。实验设置两个CO2梯度(380×10-6和800×10-6)和三种太阳辐射处理(PAB处理——全波长辐射处理, PA辐射处理——滤掉紫外线B和P处理——滤掉全部紫外线)。结果表明,CO2加富(800×10-6)显著地促进了龙须菜的生长,而UVR则产生抑制作用,但两者之间复合作用不显著。UVR促进了藻体的紫外吸收物质的合成,而且在高浓度CO2下经PAB辐射处理的含量要显著高于正常CO2浓度水平下的,这表明高浓度CO2促进了紫外吸收物质的合成。在光合作用受限制的低PAR条件下,紫外线A(UV-A)促进其光合作用,但高浓度CO2却抑制了藻体的光合作用速率。在正常浓度CO2水平下生长的藻体,UVR显著降低其光合作用能力,但是在高浓度CO2下生长的藻体,UVR这种负面效应不显著。UVR显著降低藻红蛋白的含量,高浓度CO2 在P和PA辐射处理下也显著降低藻红蛋白的含量,但在PAB辐射处理下却呈现相反的结果。高浓度CO2下生长的藻体通过增加体内紫外吸收物质的含量来维持较高浓度的藻红蛋白含量,增强了其抵御UVR的能力。 相似文献
3.
CO2升高和阳光紫外辐射对坛紫菜生长和光合特性的耦合效应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
大气CO2持续升高,导致溶入海水中的CO2增多,海水表层的H+浓度增加,从而引起海洋酸化。为了探讨近岸定生大型海藻对这种环境变化的响应,本文选择经济海藻坛紫菜为实验材料,研究海洋酸化与紫外辐射对藻体生长以及光合特性的影响。实验分两个CO2处理,分别为正常空气水平(390 ppmv)和高CO2水平(800 ppmv); 三种辐射处理,分别为全波长辐射(PAB)、滤除紫外线B(PA)和仅接受可见光处理(PAR)。研究结果表明,CO2培养下的坛紫菜,在仅有可见光(P)或者同时有紫外线A(PA)存在的情况下,显著促进藻体的生长;但在全波长辐射处理下(PAB),这种作用不明显。高CO2降低了藻体在P和PA处理下的光合作用速率,但对PAB处理作用不显著。高CO2处理下的藻体,UV-B显著降低了全波长辐射下藻体紫外吸收物质的含量,但在正常CO2水平下,紫外辐射的作用不显著。这表明高CO2导致的生长优势被紫外辐射的负面效应所抵消,在全球变化的过程中,紫外辐射的进一步加强在海洋酸化的背景下甚至有可能降低坛紫菜的产量。 相似文献
4.
紫外辐射增强常导致藻类体内活性氧成分的产生,从而损伤藻类光合器官,引起藻类光抑制。马尾藻（Sargassum）金潮近些年在世界多地频繁暴发,金潮暴发时,漂浮于海面的藻体接受更多的紫外辐射,但金潮藻应对这种紫外胁迫的生理学机制尚不明确。本研究以中国金潮种——铜藻（Sargassum horneri）为研究对象,在实验室条件下,以太阳模拟器提供光源,设置P（光合有效辐射,Photosynthetically active radiation, PAR, 400～700 nm, 200 W/m2）、PA (PAR+UVA （紫外线A, Ultraviolet A）, 320～700 nm)和PAB (PAR+UVA+UVB （紫外线B, Ultraviolet B）, 280～700 nm),探讨了紫外辐射下铜藻的光合活性变化和抗氧化应激响应。结果显示,3种光辐射处理下,藻体光合活性均受到抑制,最大光化学量子产量（Fv/Fm）都随辐射时间延长而逐渐降低,降低幅度为PAB>PA>P。后继的240 min低光P（PAR... 相似文献
5.
二氧化碳加富与阳光紫外辐射对球形棕囊藻的耦合效应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在含有和滤除紫外(UV)辐射(UVR,280～400 nm)的阳光条件下,向静止、恒温的培养体系中分别充含390×10-6和800×10-6体积CO2的空气,以期探讨CO2浓度升高与阳光UV辐射对球形棕囊藻(Phaeocystis globosa Scherffel)的生理生态学影响.结果显示,该藻对CO2加富和UVR... 相似文献
6.
不同N水平条件下羊栖菜对阳光辐射的响应 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
探讨了太阳紫外辐射对两种 N 水平条件下羊栖菜藻体光化学特性的影响及其恢复.结果显示,在高的光辐射下羊栖菜藻体的有效光化学效率和相对电子传递速率急剧下降,两种 N 水平条件下藻体的光化学活性下降趋势一致;在全波长太阳辐射条件 ( 即高的光辐射和紫外辐射同时存在 ) 下它们的下降幅度更大,而 N 加富条件下羊栖菜藻体的相对电子传递速率要高于对照 N 水平下生长的藻体,表明 N 加富的生长条件使得藻体具有更高抵御紫外辐射的能力,这可能是与 N 加富生长条件下的藻体中含有较高含量的紫外吸收物质和类胡萝卜素有关.在低光恢复过程中,全波长辐射处理藻体的有效光化学效率比可见光辐射处理藻体的恢复要慢 ( 分别为 6 h 和 3 h 可恢复到起始水平 );而相对电子传递速率的恢复能力则比有效光化学效率的恢复能力更弱,需要 24 h 或者更长的时间. 相似文献
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8.
羊栖菜属于褐藻门,马尾藻科,俗称假鹿角尖、黑菜。藻体黄褐色,干后呈黑色,株高12～40厘米,最长达1～2米。固着器为圆柱形的假根,主干直立,圆柱形叶。生长在低潮线附近和低潮线以下岩礁上,喜生活在水清流大的外海区,是多年生藻类。 羊栖菜是一种食用海藻,我国南北各地人民都喜欢食用,日本人最喜欢这种菜。制成品主要有两种,即素干羊栖菜和煮干羊栖菜。在 相似文献
9.
探讨太阳紫外辐射(UVR)对大型海藻的影响,选择常见的海藻石莼(Ulva lactuca)为实验材料,研究了其光化学效率与UVR的关系.实验结果表明,石莼光化学效率在较强太阳辐射下急剧下降,在下午光强变弱时开始恢复,显示了一个明显的日变化模式:早上和下午保持较高的水平,中午降为最低.其光化学效率的日变动,与可见光和UVR均有关系,在中午高太阳辐射下,UV-B对藻体光化学效率的影响较大.长期实验结果显示,UVR对石莼光化学效率的影响,在实验的第二天表现为最大,随之逐渐减弱.本实验的研究结果可为研究阳光紫外线对大型海藻生长和生理的影响提供一定参考. 相似文献
10.
干出状态下羊栖菜的光合作用特性 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
生长于低潮带的海藻羊栖菜(Hizikia fusiformis)在低潮时常处于干出状态。羊栖菜在千出状态下可进行有效的光合CO2同化作用，虽然光合活竹比在海水状态时小。在于出状态下羊栖菜藻体发生脱水作用，在脱水15％以内时，光合活性没有显著变化，但随着进一步的脱水，光合活性急剧下降。在脱水率为38％时，光合活性下降至初始干出时的一半。现有大气中CO2浓度不能饱和羊栖菜在干出状态下的光合作用，H这种CO2限制随着藻体的严重脱水而加剧，其CO2羧化效率也随严重的脱水而急剧下降。减少脱水的因素(如海浪、藻体相互重叠等)以及大气CO2浓度升高有利于促进羊柄菜在干出状态下的光合作用。 相似文献
11.
夏季南海浮游植物光合固碳对不同波长阳光紫外辐射的响应 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
阳光紫外(UV)辐射影响浮游植物光合固碳,且不同波长UV辐射的生理效应不一.本文以夏季南海近岸海域浮游植物为研究对象,采用生物加权函数(Biological weighting function,BWF,亦被称为UV辐射作用光谱)的研究方法,探讨了不同波长UV辐射对浮游植物群落光合固碳的作用.结果表明,在只有可见光情况... 相似文献
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《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2006,53(1):136-153
The influence of solar radiation on springtime rates of photochemical and biological consumption of dimethylsulfide (DMS) in surface waters from the western Atlantic Ocean was examined by exposing 0.2 μm filtered and unfiltered surface seawater to natural sunlight at five depths in the upper 30 m. Parallel deck incubations of 0.2 μm filtered seawater under various long-pass optical filters were also carried out to aid in assessing the wavelength dependence of DMS photolysis. DMS photolysis rate constants for mid-day exposure (∼10:30–17:30 local time) to surface irradiance ranged from 0.026 to 0.086 h−1 and were highest in coastal and shelf waters. Photolysis rate constants decreased with increasing irradiation depth, in accordance with the attenuation of ultraviolet radiation (UVR, 280–400 nm). Total DMS consumption rates (photochemical+biological) in unfiltered surface samples also decreased with increasing incubation depth and were larger than photolysis rates at nearly all depths and all stations. The decrease in photolysis rate constants with exposure depth was mirrored by biological DMS consumption rate constants that were severely inhibited at surface irradiances, and approached or exceeded dark rate constants at deeper exposure depths. Photolysis rates were 2–19 times greater than estimated biological consumption rates in the surface light exposed samples, while biological consumption rates were significantly larger than photolysis rates at incubation depths below the 1% light level for UV–B radiation (280–320 nm). Total DMS loss rates increased up to nine-fold with UVR exposure, but changes in DMS concentrations were not strongly correlated to light dose, presumably due to parallel, light-mediated DMS production processes. The primary loss process for DMS depended mainly on the depth interval considered and the attenuation of UVR; in general, photochemical removal dominated shallow layers characterized by high UV–B intensities, whereas biological removal dominated in deeper layers where UV–B was absent, but UV–A (320–400 nm) and visible (400–700 nm) light fluxes were still relatively high. These results demonstrate that UVR exposure significantly influences the spatial and temporal pattern of DMS production and loss processes, and ultimately the DMS flux to the atmosphere. 相似文献
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The variation in mycosporine‐like amino acid (MAA) concentration in the soft coral Heteroxenia fuscescens in relation to changes in ultraviolet radiation (UVR) regimes was investigated at the Gulf of Eilat, northern Red Sea. Solar radiation (300–700 nm) was measured for different depths and seasons. The UVR irradiance was measured to a depth of 25 m on the reef. The mean attenuation coefficient for UV‐B measured in winter was twofold that of the summer value. Separation of H. fuscescens extracts by reverse‐phase isocratic high‐performance liquid chromatography revealed a single MAA compound, palythine (λmax = 320 nm). Possible seasonal changes in MAAs in colonies of H. fuscescens along a depth gradient were examined on different dates. Palythine concentrations in the colonies were significantly higher in summer than in the other seasons particularly in shallow water. Possible changes in MAA content in colonies of H. fuscescens as a result of UVR protection, were determined by experiments conducted for periods of 1 week, 1 month and 3 months, at a depth of 5 m. In these experiments colonies were removed from the natural substrate and placed underwater, protected from UVR by a PVC filter. Significant differences between UV‐exposed and protected colonies of H. fuscescens were found only in the 3‐month experiment conducted during the summer. These findings demonstrate that UVR is an important environmental factor regulating MAA biosynthesis in the soft coral H. fuscescens. 相似文献
14.
We investigated the shielding against solar ultraviolet radiation and inducible damage, as well as the short-term response of whole animal metabolic rate in two Antarctic shallow water amphipod species. Light absorbance by the carapace of Gondogeneia antarctica and Djerboa furcipes was higher in the UVR (UVB+UVA) range (42.1% and 54.5% on average respectively) compared to the PAR (photosynthetically active radiation) range (38.1% and 50.1% respectively) of the solar spectrum. Bands of higher absorbance correlated with maximal absorbance ranges of sunscreening compounds indicating mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) and carotenoids to be innate compounds of the exoskeleton of these species. Though the antioxidant enzyme catalase was photoinhibited, protein damage products did not accumulate under experimental exposure to a daily dose of 6.84 kJ m(-2) d(-1) UVB, 66.24 kJ m(-2) d(-1) UVA and 103.14 kJ m(-2) d(-1) PAR. Animal oxygen consumption during UV-exposure was measured as an indicator of immediate behavioural and physiological stress response. UVB as well as UVA induced a response with altered and highly variable respiratory intensity. Our findings indicate that sub-lethal UVR exposure causes increased oxygen consumption in polar amphipods due to radiation avoidance, shelter seeking behaviour, and presumably also from cellular repair processes. 相似文献
15.
Liao Jianzu Xu Jie Yuan Xiangcheng Liang Yuxian Guo Yajuan Zhou Weihua Huang Hui Liu Sheng Long Aimin 《Ocean Science Journal》2019,54(4):581-593
Ocean Science Journal - The effects of a simulated climate change scenario, i.e., increased ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), on the growth and photosynthesis of... 相似文献