共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
运用分相浸取法分析了浙江近岸海域60个站位的表层沉积物(0～2 cm)中各形态氮的含量和分布.研究结果表明,表层沉积物中总氮(TN)含量为214.66～861.44 mg/kg,均值为580.52mg/kg,位于浅水区的长江口、杭州湾和浙江沿岸的TN含量低于东部远岸海域;可转化态氮(TTN)含量只占总氮的3.06%～37.24%,有机态和硫化物结合态氮(OSF-N)是沉积物中可转化态氮的主要赋存形态,非转化态氮(NTN)是浙江近岸海域表层沉积物中的优势形态.各站位沉积物中氮在不同提取相中的含量差异较大,与沉积物的陆源输入、沉积物重金属含量、粒径分布及沉积海域的水动力条件等因素有关. 相似文献
2.
大亚湾海域低营养盐维持高生产力的机制探讨Ⅰ 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
利用2000年4月大亚湾海域的现场调查数据，分析水体中各种形态氮的含量，分布、转化及其影响因素，探讨大亚湾海域低营养盐维持高生产力的原因，调查结果表明：大亚湾海域水体仍属贫氮海区，氮，磷比约为12：1，生产力水平依然受氮控制；大亚湾海域氮以溶解态的形式居多，占总氮的74．8％，颗粒态占25．2％，而溶解态中又以有机氮居多，占总氮的62．1％，孵化实验表明：（1）充氧条件下氨氮向硝氮转化，缺氧条件下硝氮向氨氮转化；（2）水体中溶解有机氮在有氧条件下可以降解转化为无机氮，这意味着占绝对优势的溶解有机氮降解转化为无机氮可能是大亚湾海域低营养盐维持高生产力的主要原因之一。 相似文献
3.
长江口夏季水体磷的形态分布特征及影响因素 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据2006年7月至9月"海监49号"科学考察船夏季航次的调查数据,分析了长江口及邻近海域水体中磷形态的平面分布特征及其影响因素,结果表明,调查海域水体各种形态磷平均浓度均为底层高于表层,并呈现出由河口向邻近海域降低的趋势.杭州湾及最大混浊带部分区域水体中以颗粒态磷为主,且颗粒态无机磷为磷的主要存在形态;长江口门及江苏东部近海区域水体中以溶解态磷为主,溶解态无机磷为磷的主要存在形态;舟山群岛东部外海区表层水体以溶解态磷为主,溶解态有机磷为磷的主要存在形态,而底层水体中溶解态磷浓度略高于颗粒态磷,以溶解态无机磷为磷的主要存在形态.水体中颗粒态无机磷与颗粒态有机磷、颗粒总磷与总磷、总磷与悬浮颗粒物均呈非常显著的正相关,说明悬浮颗粒物是颗粒态磷的主要影响因素.调查海域外海区域绝大部分站位水体中溶解态无机磷表层浓度接近或小于浮游植物生长限制的动力学最低阈值,是磷限制或潜在的磷限制区域. 相似文献
4.
基于2009年6–9月，2014年5月，2014年7–8月在乳山湾外邻近海域的综合调查资料，分析了该开放海域水体与沉积物中氮、磷营养盐的组成和分布，并在潮汐潮流数值模式计算水通量的基础上分析了近岸开放区域无机氮(DIN)和无机磷(DIP)的循环与收支的主要过程，量化了潮汐潮流、初级生产的消耗与转化、底界面过程与内部循环等过程对氮和磷营养盐循环与收支的影响。结果表明，夏季乳山湾外邻近海域水体DIN和DIP的浓度与分布受陆源输入和潮汐潮流的共同影响，高值均出现在湾口区域；沉积物-水界面存在DIN和DIP从沉积物向上覆水释放的现象，使得底层水体的氮、磷营养盐浓度高于表层水体。氮的收支表明，研究海域水体内部循环过程是初级生产所需DIN的主要来源，占初级生产总消耗量的86%，其次是水交换作用(11%)，底界面扩散对初级生产的贡献相对较小(3%)；水体DIN的移出主要是通过埋藏、向外海的输送和水体反硝化作用，其比例分别为80%、16%和4%。磷的收支显示，研究海域水体内部循环过程贡献了初级生产所需DIP的91%，其次是水交换作用(9%)，底界面扩散对初级生产的贡献小于1%；水体DIP支出主要是通过沉积埋藏和向外海的输送，其比例分别为67%和33%。研究结果表明内部循环过程是近海水体氮和磷获得补充的主要途径，不过外部来源的氮、磷营养盐结构与系统内部具有显著的差异，且系统内磷的埋藏效率要高于氮，其必将对乳山湾外邻近海域营养盐结构和初级生产产生长远的影响。 相似文献
5.
长江口及邻近水域氮、磷的形态特征及分布研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
根据近几年大面调查的监测资料,对长江口及邻近水域氮、磷营养盐的形态组成、时空分布及氮磷比的变动规律及其影响因素进行了分析研究。结果表明,长江口及邻近水域中硝酸盐是水体无机氮存在的主要形态,其约占总无机氮的90%,无机氮含量河口高,向东南方向愈来愈低;从该水域总磷的形态组成来看,磷营养盐主要以溶解态和颗粒态共存的形式存在,TDP略高于TPP,无机磷的平面分布与无机氮十分相似,春季无机磷含量高于夏季;N/P值变动范围大和平均值较高是该水域的主要特征,N/P值与长江径流量的大小有关系,夏季N/P值比春季高,综合分析来看,磷营养盐和光照都有可能成为该水域浮游植物生长的重要限制因子。 相似文献
6.
为了解胶州湾水体和表层沉积物营养环境状况及其主要影响因素,于2019年8月在胶州湾30个站位点采集了海水和表层沉积物样品,并于2021年5月在胶州湾沿岸采集了18个站位点的水样,对水体溶解无机态营养盐浓度和组成以及表层沉积物中总有机碳、总氮、总磷及生物硅含量和碳、氮稳定同位素（δ13C、δ15N）进行了分析。结果表明,胶州湾内水体和沿岸水体中溶解无机氮、溶解无机磷和溶解硅酸盐浓度空间分布相近,高值均位于湾东北部,主要受到河流输入和沿岸污水排放的影响,低值主要出现在湾中部和湾口处。结合近30年来的历史数据分析发现,胶州湾夏季营养盐浓度在1990?2008年期间呈持续上升的趋势,政府实施的污染物总量控制措施以及河流径流量下降使得2006年以来营养盐浓度呈现下降的趋势,该变化在空间上主要体现为大沽河氮、磷输入量的减少及其对应的湾西部营养盐高值的消失。胶州湾氮、磷营养盐输入的不平衡使得“磷限制”在2000年后逐渐加剧。胶州湾表层沉积物中总有机碳、总氮、总磷含量高值均集中于东北部和东部沿岸,结合生物硅和水体营养盐含量分析显示,这主要是河流与排污输入及其带来的高初级生产力造成的,沉积物生源要素与水体营养盐在空间分布上存在较好的耦合关系。沉积物粒度较粗对有机质保存的不利影响以及湾口较强的水动力作用共同导致了湾西部、中部以及湾口的生源要素含量较低。δ13C以及二端元混合模型显示,胶州湾表层沉积物有机质来源总体以海源为主,平均占比为64%,东部沿岸受陆源输入影响较明显。δ15N的空间分布显示,胶州湾表层沉积物中氮元素受到了海水养殖与污水排放的共同影响。水体和沉积物营养环境现状共同表明,对东北部河流和沿岸污水排放的控制是后期胶州湾污染治理的关键。 相似文献
7.
珠江口是生态敏感的典型河口区,也是富营养化和赤潮多发区。为了搞清楚该区域沉积物中营养物质的含量及平面分布特征,进一步研究营养盐在沉积物-水体间的循环机制,同时也为珠江口污染防治和生态环境保护提供科学依据,对珠江口16个站位的表层沉积物中氮、磷的形态、含量及分布特征进行了研究。其中总氮用凯氏定氮法测定,无机氮提取后直接测定各形态含量,各种形态的磷采用化学分步提取法进行。提取液中硝酸盐氮用锌-镉还原法,亚硝酸盐氮用重氮-偶氮比色法,氨氮用靛酚蓝法,无机磷酸盐用磷钼蓝法测定。沉积物中TOC的测定用重铬酸钾氧化-还原滴定法。在测定结果的基础上采用单项指标标准指数法对沉积物中氮和磷的污染程度进行了评价。研究结果表明:沉积物中总氮的含量较高,平均值高达1649mg/kg;有机氮所占的比例很高,平均达83.17%,平均含量为1374mg/kg;氨氮是无机氮的主要形式,平均占无机氮的98%,平均含量为209.64mg/kg;硝酸盐氮和亚硝酸盐氮在沉积物无机氮中比例很低,平均值为54.87mg/kg。表层沉积物中总磷的含量平均值为455.94mg/kg;有机磷占总磷含量的39.41%,平均含量为179.69mg/kg;铁结合磷和铝结合磷平均含量为94.97mg/kg。在平面分布上,各站间不同形态氮、磷的含量差异与陆源输入、沉积物粒径及水动力条件等因素有关。单项指标标准指数法对沉积物中氮和磷的污染评价结果表明:珠江口沉积物中总磷含量较低,标准指数都小于1;而总氮的含量较高,其标准指数变化范围为1.96—3.86,说明珠江口沉积物环境质量受氮的污染相对严重。 相似文献
8.
磷是一种重要的生源要素,在河口、边缘海的初级生产中发挥重要作用,了解沉积物中磷的形态分布和迁移转化有助于深入了解该区域生态系统动力学。于2013年3月在长江口及邻近海域采集了表层沉积物样品,利用水淘选方法对沉积物进行了分级,并采用化学连续提取法分析了未分级和分级沉积物样品中的6种磷形态含量:可交换态磷、活性有机磷、铁结合态磷、自生磷灰石磷、碎屑磷和难分解有机磷,讨论了该区域沉积物中磷的形态分布、选择性输运过程和迁移转化。沉积物中总磷含量在14.0~18.4 μmol/g,其中碎屑磷是其主要成分,占54.5%,其次是有机磷和难分解有机磷,分别占到15.1%和13.1%。不同粒级沉积物中磷形态含量不同,可交换态磷、活性有机磷、铁结合态磷、自生磷灰石磷和难分解有机磷随粒级增加含量逐渐降低,而碎屑磷主要集中在粗粒级（大于32 μm）沉积物中。基于各粒级磷形态的质量分布,发现小于32 μm粒级的沉积物中各磷形态含量从长江口向浙闽沿岸逐渐增加,向外海方向逐渐减小,而大于32 μm沉积物的变化趋势与此相反,体现了不同形态磷的选择性输运。随粒径增大,总有机碳对有机磷比值（TOC/Or-P）先降低后升高,在大粒级沉积物中,TOC/Or-P比值较高主要是因为陆源有机碳贡献较高,而在小粒级沉积物中,主要是由于有机磷的迁移和转化更为活跃,体现了细颗粒物中有机磷相对有机碳的优先分解。本研究表明,从分级的角度可以对河口、边缘海的磷循环有一个更全面的认识。 相似文献
9.
台湾海峡中、北部沉积物中有机碳、全氮及全磷的含量分布特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从分析结果表明,有机质、氮、磷的含量分布与流的方法基本一致,它们的含量大小与沉积物粒度呈相关关系,颗粒愈细含量愈大;氮以有机氮为主要存在形式,磷则以无机磷和有机磷同时并存;闽江口附近及福建近岸沉积物中有机质的来源以陆源为主,海峡中央以海相输入为主。 相似文献
10.
用JEN SEN等(1998)六步分离法对2003年11月和2004年5月渤海湾采集的沉积物样品进行P形态分析,结果表明:沉积物营养盐水平与地理环境有关。总的趋势是沉积物越细,粘土含量越高,营养盐水平就越高。渤海湾表层沉积物磷呈现从潮间带向渤海湾大面站增大的局势,污染近岸高,远岸低。渤海湾表层沉积物中的P主要以FAP和R ef磷为主,FAP占整个P形态的43%以上,R ef占24%以上,其次是L ea-P,此种形态的P平均约占5%左右,最后依次是F e-P、CFAP和L sor-P,这三种形态含量都小于10%以下。这表明渤海湾沉积物中的P的主要来源是陆源输入和污水排入。渤海湾表层沉积物中有一半以上的磷不能被生物利用。 相似文献
11.
At four stations in Tokyo Bay, pore water profiles of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), nitrogen (DON), phosphorus (DOP), and inorganic nutrients were determined at 3-month intervals over 6 years. Concentrations of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and nutrients were significantly higher in pore waters than in the overlying waters. Pore water DOC, DON, and DOP concentrations in the upper most sediment layer (0–1 cm) ranged from 246 to 888 μM, from 14.6 to 75.9 μM, and from 0.02 to 9.83 μM, respectively. Concentrations of DOM and nutrients in pore waters occasionally showed clear seasonal trends and were highest in the summer and lowest in the winter. The seasonal trends in the pore water DOM concentrations were coupled with trends in the overlying water temperature and dissolved oxygen concentration. Benthic effluxes of DON and DOP were low compared with those of inorganic nutrients, accounting for only 1.0 and 1.5 % of the total benthic effluxes of nitrogen and phosphorus, respectively; thus benthic DOM fluxes were quantitatively insignificant to the inorganic nutrient fluxes in Tokyo Bay. The DOM fluxes represented about 7, 3, and 10 % of the riverine discharge of DOC, DON, and DOP to Tokyo Bay, respectively. 相似文献
12.
1 IntroductionNitrogen and phosphorus together constitute thematerial basis used by phytoplankton for photosyn-thesis; however, if the ratio of nitrogen atomic massto phosphorus atomic mass in an aquatic environmentmarkedly deviates, whether above or bell… 相似文献
13.
The regeneration of pore water nutrients was studied and the contribution of benthic nutrient fluxes to the overlying water
was evaluated on the basis of field specific observations conducted in September–October 1998 and April–May 1999 in the Bohai
Sea. Nutrient concentrations in sediment pore waters were examined by incubating sediment core samples with overlying seawater
in air and/or nitrogen conditions. Nutrient diffusion fluxes calculated by diagenetic equations were within a factor of 2
during incubations. The factors affecting nutrient diffusion across sediment/water interface include bioturbation, nitrification,
denitrification, adsorption, and dissolution. The regeneration of nutrients from sediments will increase nutrient loads of
the Bohai Sea and affect nutrient atomic ratios in this region. Among nutrient sources from riverine input, atmospheric deposition
and sediment regeneration, ammonium and phosphate mainly came from atmospheric deposition (>50%); nitrate was mainly transported
by riverine input into the Sea, silicate from sediment regeneration accounts up to 60%. This demonstrates that nutrient regeneration
in sediments contributes more silicate than riverine input and atmospheric deposition together, but benthic flux contributes
very much less phosphate and nitrate relative to riverine input and atmospheric deposition. The benthic fluxes of nutrients
may lead to a decrease of the amount of nitrate, an increase of phosphate, ammonia and silicate in the water column. The release
of silicate from sediments may compensate the decrease of silicate due to the reduction of riverine discharge. Nutrient regeneration
in sediment may have an important influence on the eutrophic character of coastal waters in this region.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
14.
广西近海营养盐的时空分布特征 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
利用2006～2007年4个航次的大面调查数据,分析讨论了广西近海4个季节营养盐的时空分布变化特征。结果表明,该海域在春、夏、秋三季,活性硅酸盐和溶解无机氮分布趋势是近岸高,远岸低,由北向南呈梯度快速递减,高值区主要出现在廉州湾、铁山港和茅尾海三个区域;夏季磷酸盐在雷州半岛与涠洲岛之间出现高值;冬季3类营养盐在调查海区内分布均匀且为一年最低值。对该海区营养盐结构分析表明,硅在该海区过剩,溶解无机氮基本能满足浮游植物的生长需要,但在春季溶解无机氮和磷浓度都较低,属于寡营养型;夏季该海区磷浓度充足,在秋冬两季磷为该海区的限制性元素。 相似文献
15.
LI Keqiang WANG Xiulin LIANG Shengkang SHI Xiaoyong ZHU Chenjian CHEN Hu 《海洋学报(英文版)》2008,27(5):98-110
A nitrogen and phosphorus dynamic model of mesocosm pelagic ecosystem was established according to the summary and synthesis of the models available, in which seven state variables （DIN, PO4-P, DON, DOP, phytoplankton, zooplankton and detritus） were included. Logically it had five modules--phytoplankton, zooplankton, dissolved inorganic nutrients, dissolved organic nutrients and detritus. The results showed that this model could simulate the variations of DIN, PO4-P, DON, DOP, POC and phytoplankton biomass in pelagic ecosystem in mesocosm properly, based on the site experiment data in the Jiaozhou Bay in the autumn of 1999 and the summer of 2000. Not only the logical structure but also the model parameters were feasible, and about 20 parameters were made to fit for the Jiaozhou Bay during the simulation. All of these are necessary to study the control mechanism of nutrients biogeochemical cycling in the Jiaozhou Bay and other China＇ s coastal waters. 相似文献
16.
During the first year of the Northeast Pacific GLOBEC program we examined the spatial distributions of dissolved and particulate organic carbon and nitrogen in the surface waters off the Oregon and Washington coasts of North America. Eleven east–west transects were sampled from nearshore waters to 190 km offshore. Hydrographic data and the distribution of inorganic nutrients were used to characterize three distinct water sources: oligotrophic offshore water, the Columbia River plume, and the coastal upwelling region inshore of the California Current. Warm, high salinity offshore water had very low levels of inorganic nutrients, particulate organic carbon (POC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Warm, low salinity water in the Columbia River plume was relatively low in nitrate, but showed a strong negative correlation between salinity and silicate. The river plume water had the highest levels of total organic carbon (TOC) (up to 180 μM) and DOC (up to 150 μM) observed anywhere in the sampling area. Cold, high salinity coastal waters had high nutrient levels, moderate to high levels of POC and particulate organic nitrogen (PON), and low to moderate levels of DOC and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON). Each of these regions has characteristic C:N ratios for particulate and dissolved organic material. The results are compared to concentrations and partitioning of particulate and dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen in other regions of the North Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans. 相似文献
17.
We conducted studies of nutrients and water mass movements in a semi-enclosed bay in northern China to understand nutrient dynamics under varying tidal regimes. Four cruises were conducted under varying tidal regimes in Jiaozhou Bay, two at neap tide and one at spring tide in August and one at spring tide in October 2001. In addition to transect surveys, drift experiments and an anchor station were employed to show current and tidal effects. Samples for nutrient evaluation were taken from the five major tributary rivers in March (dry season) and August (flood season) of 2002 to estimate nutrient transport by rivers, and wastewater samples were collected to evaluate nutrients in wastewater discharge. Benthic nutrient fluxes were determined by (1) incubation of sediments with overlying seawater on board the boat and (2) calculated by Fick’s First Law from nutrient pore water profiles. Nutrient concentrations were high in the north, especially the northeast and northwest sectors, reflecting human activities. Jiaozhou Bay was characterized by high nitrogen, but low phosphorus and silica concentrations compared to Chinese coastal seas. Based on nutrient atomic ratios, the limiting elements for phytoplankton growth in Jiaozhou Bay were silica and phosphorus. The fluxes of nutrients between sediment and overlying water varied depending on the specific nutrient, the site and redox conditions. Benthic nutrient fluxes based on sediment incubations were all lower than the estimated diffusive fluxes, implying that the nutrients released from sediment pore waters were probably utilized by benthic microalgal and bottom-water primary production. A preliminary estimate of nutrient budgets demonstrated that riverine and wastewater inputs were greater than atmospheric deposition into Jiaozhou Bay, except that nitrate from wastewater inputs was less than atmospheric deposition. Concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus increased while silica decreased in the last four decades, similar to other eutrophicated estuaries. The resulting shift in nutrient composition in Jiaozhou Bay affects phytoplankton composition, trophic interactions, and sustainability of living resources. 相似文献
18.
为探讨浒苔绿潮消亡腐败过程中的营养盐释放规律以及浒苔绿潮聚积腐烂对海水水质的影响，在室外模拟近岸浒苔绿潮聚积腐烂过程，并于2018年6月在浒苔绿潮靠岸前开始对主要浒苔绿潮聚积地(鳌山湾、鳌山湾口的海参池、石老人海域)进行观测，实时记录浒苔腐烂状况及对周边环境的影响。模拟实验结果表明:各形态氮、磷营养盐在浒苔腐烂分解过程中升高明显，且以溶解有机态、颗粒态为主。其中生物量为5 g/L实验组溶解有机氮(Dissolved Organic Nitrogen，DON)、颗粒态氮(Particulate Nitrogen，PN)、溶解有机磷(Dissolved Organic Phosphorus，DOP)、颗粒态磷(Particulate Phosphorus，PP)的浓度在浒苔腐烂分解过程中达本底浓度的5～10倍以上。现场调查结果显示，随着浒苔绿潮在青岛近岸聚积，各调查站点的溶解无机氮(Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen，DIN)、DON、DOP受浒苔绿潮吸收影响均降至最低值，后随着浒苔绿潮腐烂逐渐上升，水质恶化。其中鳌山湾受浒苔绿潮腐烂影响最为严重，在调查期间水体甚至劣于二类水质。PN、PP为调查区内营养盐的主要赋存形式，其中鳌山湾海域PP变化最为明显，随着浒苔绿潮聚积腐烂达到最高值(2.02 μmol/L)。相比于鳌山湾，石老人海域海水交换能力强且在浒苔绿潮靠岸后进行了及时拦截打捞，受浒苔绿潮消亡腐烂影响较小。浒苔绿潮靠岸聚积腐烂，使海域内营养盐含量与结构明显变化，影响海域浮游植物群落结构的稳定,可能引发赤潮等次生生态灾害。因此需要及时清理聚积在青岛近岸的浒苔，避免其腐烂对周边环境造成影响。 相似文献