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1.
为了评估美国地球物理流体动力学实验室(GFDL)模式模拟海洋通风的能力,利用GFDL的物理气候系统模式和地球系统模式(GFDL-ESM2G、GFDL-ESM2M、GFDL-CM3)模拟海洋中CFC-11(一氟三氯甲烷,CCl3F)的资料,对CFC-11的海面浓度分布、单位面积水柱总量、全球总物质的量、最大穿透深度以及在大西洋、太平洋、南大洋的垂直剖面的特征进行了分析。本文将GFDL模拟结果与盐度、海温、CFC-11的观测资料比较,得到了如下重要结论:GFDL模式模拟的CFC-11海面高值中心集中在高纬度,如北大西洋、西北太平洋,但是在南大洋罗斯海、威德尔海模拟结果比观测值低了1.5 pmol·kg~(-1),这是CFC-11的溶解度与海面温度成负相关造成的,即随海面温度升高,CFC-11的溶解度降低; GFDL模拟的全球海洋中CFC-11总物质的量都比观测值高,尤其是CM3的模拟结果比观测高22.9%,GFDL模式平均值高于观测15.6%。通过对北太平洋46°N、北大西洋24°N和南大洋65°S的纬向断面的分析表明,目前GFDL模式在模拟一些重要水团时还有一定的改进空间,比如GFDL在24°N断面1 000 m以下模拟CFC-11浓度极大值位置过深。  相似文献   

2.
台湾海峡水文特征研究概述   总被引:19,自引:3,他引:16  
肖晖  郭小钢  吴日升 《台湾海峡》2002,21(1):126-138
本文对近50a来台湾海峡海洋水文特征研究进行了概述,重点介绍了近20a台湾海峡水温、盐度、海流、水团、跃层、海洋锋等调查研究成果。  相似文献   

3.
散乱体数据可视化:海洋水团分析的新途径   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
杨冠杰  耿震  孙菁 《海洋通报》2000,19(2):66-74
应用科学计算可视化技术于海洋学研究在中国尚不多见。本文试图将这一技术引入物理海洋学领域。文中详细介绍了应用散乱体数据可视化划分和分析海洋水团的方法,包括适于水团分析的数据建模,可视化水团及温、盐度场总体分布及特征分布的体绘制法等值面绘制法。最后,给出也这些方法在黄、东海毗邻海区5-6月份水团及温、盐度场分布研究中的实际应用。结论显示了科学计算可视化在海洋学研究中的应用潜力。  相似文献   

4.
于2014年10月和2015年6月对东海海水和大气中挥发性卤代烃(VHOCs)的浓度分布、来源及海-气通量进行了系统的研究。结果表明:秋季东海海水中二氟二氯甲烷(CFC-12)、三氯氟甲烷(CFC-11)、三氟三氯乙烷(CFC-113)的浓度普遍高于夏季。秋季和夏季3种CFCs的水平分布均呈现近岸高,外海低的趋势,其分布主要受到陆源输入和长江冲淡水的影响。海水中碘甲烷(CH3I)的分布表现出明显的季节变化,浓度高值出现在夏季。CH3I的分布受到陆源输入、浮游植物释放和光化学合成的影响。夏季东海大气中3种氟氯烃CFC-12、CFC-11和CFC-113的浓度分布主要受陆源气团输送和气象条件的影响;CH3I的来源除陆源释放外,海洋释放也十分重要。总体来说夏季东海海域是大气中CFC-12和CFC-11的汇,是CH3I的源。  相似文献   

5.
物理海洋学是海洋科学的基础学科,物理海洋学专业是全院中成立较早的专业之一。二十多年来,除担任繁重的教学任务外,还从事物理海洋学方面的科研工作,研究方向包括基础和应用方面,如海浪、海洋环流、潮汐、风暴潮、水团及水温预报、海—气相互作用、海洋工程、温盐结构以及内波等。  相似文献   

6.
黄海北部水团锋面分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
根据1989年8月黄海北部14个周日连续站3d的表层水湿和有关大面站准同步资料及由卫片获取的海面温度资料,对该海域水团锋面进行了分析,黄海北部表层水温为北黄海沿岩水(水团)、渤海沿岸水(水团)、朝鲜西部冷水团和黄海暖流余脉所控制。该项研究对长海县海洋牧场的开发具有现实意义。  相似文献   

7.
海洋中硼的研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
硼是海水中的常量元素,也是自然水体中重要的生物、地质、化学元素。海洋中的硼含量、B/Cl 比常用于指示水团,研究大洋环流。海洋粘土中的硼含量作为古盐度的指标。硼也对海洋浮游生物的生长起重要的作用。本文综述了海洋中硼的研究,讨论了海洋中硼的迁移。  相似文献   

8.
海洋水色卫星与水色遥感发展趋势   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
海洋水色卫星通过海洋水色遥感器探测浮游生物色素、悬浮泥沙和溶解有机物等海洋水色主要参数,从中提取海洋初级生产力、水团、流系、锋面、涡漩、上升流、沿岸水质、海洋渔场状况等海洋环境信息,基本可以满足海洋开发和全球环境研究的大部分需要。 1 频繁的国际海洋水色卫星发射 据不完全的统计,从1995年至2001年,各国已发射和计划发射的用于海洋水色探测的卫星有10余颗。现已知列入发射计划的有:  相似文献   

9.
齐钟彦 《海洋与湖沼》1998,29(3):229-231
张奎字尔玉,动物学家和海洋湖语学家。1897年2月出生于河北省平乡县,1967年7月逝于山东省青岛市。张奎幼年在家乡读书,于1922年公费赴法国留学,1927年获里昂大学硕士学位。后在里昂大学动物学研究室瓦内教授的指导下从事软体动物后鳃类的研究。1931年获法国国家博士学位,1932年回国,应聘为北平研究院动物研究所研究员,从事海洋动物的研究。同时也应聘在中法大学生物系任动物学及海洋生物学教授,从事海洋无脊椎动物学研究。1935年北平研究院和青岛市政府联合组织了胶州湾海洋动物采集团,由张变教授任团长,对胶州湾各类动物及海洋环…  相似文献   

10.
根据海洋温差能转换(OTEC)工艺过程的特点,分析了海洋温差能开发对海洋生态环境的特殊影响。认为大流量吸排水形成的大尺度水团在海洋中的重新分布,致使厂址周边海水的层化结构和环流结构以及海水盐度、溶解氧和营养水平等参数发生变化,进而对海洋环境造成很大改变,形成了OTEC技术特殊的环境影响方式。还着重分析了羽状流对初级生产力的影响,以及卷载和冲击对海洋生物的影响,分析归纳了海洋温差能开发生态环境影响的关键评价因子,对下一步的研究重点提出了建议。为未来开展洋温差能开发以及全面评价海洋温差能开发造成的生态环境影响提供技术参考。  相似文献   

11.
To verify the actual usefulness of time-dependent tracer dating techniques in the ocean, we simultaneously obtained two cross sections of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) and chlrofluoromethanes (CFC-11, trichlorofluoromethane; CFC-12, dichloro-difluromethane; CFC-113, trichlorotrifluoroethane) in the western North Pacific in 1998. The vertical distribution patterns of SF6 and CFC-113 were similar in shape to those of CFC-11 and CFC-12. Maximum penetration depths of SF6 and CFC-113 remained around 800 m in the subpolar region and 400 m in the tropical region, while the maximum penetration depths of CFC-11 and CFC-12 were still found below 1000 m depth. We also found all maximum contents of these tracers around 26.6−26.8σθ with a gradual decrease southward. This suggested that a new subsurface water mass in the subpolar region spread out over the entire North Pacific, which agrees closely with previous studies based on the salinity minimum. Moreover, we compared the tracer ages (the elapsed period of a water mass from when the water mass left from the ocean surface) using ten time-dependent tracer dating techniques, CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113, SF6, CFC-11/CFC-12, CFC-113/CFC-11, CFC-113/CFC-12, SF6/CFC-11, SF6/CFC-12 and SF6/CFC-113. This quantitative evaluation of multiple tracer dating techniques in the ocean was the first confirmation of its usefulness based on the observational data on the ocean basin-wide scale. We conclude that SF6/CFC-11, SF6/CFC-12, SF6/CFC-113 and SF6 dating techniques would be the most promising tools for determining the age of water mass not only just for the past several decades but for the future, too. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

12.
The distributions of CFC (chlorofluorocarbon) in the water column was determined twice in 2000 and 2001 in the northwestern Japan Sea. In 2000 the CFC-11 concentration decreased almost exponentially with depth from 6 pmol/kg at a few hundred m deep to 0.3 pmol/kg or less at the bottom of about 3400 m depth at three stations (40–41°N, 132–133°E) about 300 km off Vladivostok. In 2001 the CFC-11 concentration increased sharply up to 2 pmol/kg in the bottom water, while it did not increase at a station (42.0°N, 136.5°E) about 450 km away to the northeast. This is due to the renewal of the bottom water which is replaced by the surface water flowing down along the continental slope, as suggested by Tsunogai et al. (1999), who proposed the continental shelf pump. Furthermore, an increase in the CFC-11 concentration was observed throughout the entire water column above 3000 m depth, although the proportion of the increase was about 20%, which was one order of magnitude smaller than that in the bottom water. The increase in inventory is almost four times larger than that in the bottom water below 3000 m depth which is equivalent to about 1/6 of the total inventory found in 2000. The increase also means that 3% of the deep water was replaced by the recent surface water, or, if the turnover occurs every year, that the turnover time of the deep water to be about 30 years. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

13.
汪浩  何真  张婧  杨桂朋 《海洋学报》2018,40(10):96-109
运用吹扫-捕集气相色谱法测定了2017年夏季长江口及其邻近海域海水中4种常见的挥发性卤代烃(VHCs,包括一氟三氯甲烷(CFC-11)、碘甲烷(CH3I)、三氯甲烷(CH3CCl3)和四氯乙烯(C2Cl4))以及大气中CFC-11、CH3I和C2Cl4的浓度。结果表明,表层海水中4种VHCs浓度的水平分布受长江径流输入影响强烈,整体上呈现近岸高、远海低的趋势。垂直方向上4种VHCs浓度最高值出现在10 m水层,长江口内断面的浓度整体高于口外断面的浓度。海水中VHCs的浓度分布受水文环境、生物释放和人为因素等的共同影响。相关性分析表明CH3I与Chl a浓度不存在明显的相关性,而CFC-11与CH3I、C2Cl4浓度存在显著相关性(P<0.01),表明调查海域人为源对CH3I和C2Cl4的影响大于天然源。大气中CFC-11、CH3I和C2Cl4的浓度分布整体上呈现近岸高、远海低的趋势。CFC-11的浓度低于全球平均值,表明我国CFC-11的排放得到了有效控制。后向轨迹分析表明来自近岸的陆源污染物的扩散和输送是调查海域大气中3种VHCs的重要来源。CFC-11、CH3I和C2Cl4的海-气通量平均值分别为24.99 nmol/(m2·d)、7.80 nmol/(m2·d)、1.55 nmol/(m2·d),表明夏季长江口及其邻近海域是大气中这3种VHCs的源。  相似文献   

14.
An Ensemble Kalman Filter is applied to assimilate observed tracer fields in various combinations in the Bern3D ocean model. Each tracer combination yields a set of optimal transport parameter values that are used in projections with prescribed CO2 stabilization pathways. The assimilation of temperature and salinity fields yields a too vigorous ventilation of the thermocline and the deep ocean, whereas the inclusion of CFC-11 and radiocarbon improves the representation of physical and biogeochemical tracers and of ventilation time scales. Projected peak uptake rates and cumulative uptake of CO2 by the ocean are around 20% lower for the parameters determined with CFC-11 and radiocarbon as additional target compared to those with salinity and temperature only. Higher surface temperature changes are simulated in the Greenland–Norwegian–Iceland Sea and in the Southern Ocean when CFC-11 is included in the Ensemble Kalman model tuning. These findings highlights the importance of ocean transport calibration for the design of near-term and long-term CO2 emission mitigation strategies and for climate projections.  相似文献   

15.
The formation of Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW) and Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) significantly contributes to the total uptake and storage of anthropogenic gases, such as CO2 and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), within the world's oceans. SAMW and AAIW formation rates in the South Pacific are quantified based on CFC-12 inventories using hydrographic data from WOCE, CLIVAR, and data collected in the austral winter of 2005. This study documents the first wintertime observations of CFC-11 and CFC-12 saturations with respect to the 2005 atmosphere in the formation region of the southeast Pacific for SAMW and AAIW. SAMW is 94% and 95% saturated for CFC-11 and CFC-12, respectively, and AAIW is 60% saturated for both CFC-11 and CFC-12. SAMW is defined from the Subantarctic Front to the equator between potential densities 26.80-27.06 kg m−3, and AAIW is defined from the Polar Front to 20°N between potential densities 27.06-27.40 kg m−3. CFC-12 inventories are 16.0×106 moles for SAMW and 8.7×106 moles for AAIW, corresponding to formation rates of 7.3±2.1 Sv for SAMW and 5.8±1.7 Sv for AAIW circulating within the South Pacific. Inter-ocean transports of SAMW from the South Pacific to the South Atlantic are estimated to be 4.4±0.6 Sv. Thus, the total formation of SAMW in the South Pacific is approximately 11.7±2.2 Sv. These formation rates represent the average formation rates over the major period of CFC input, from 1970 to 2005. The CFC-12 inventory maps provide direct evidence for two areas of formation of SAMW, one in the southeast Pacific and one in the central Pacific. Furthermore, eddies in the central Pacific containing high CFC concentrations may contribute to SAMW and to a lesser extent AAIW formation. These CFC-derived rates provide a baseline with which to compare past and future formation rates of SAMW and AAIW.  相似文献   

16.
宋金明 《海洋与湖沼》2020,51(4):695-704
本文系统总结了中国科学院海洋研究所建所70年来,海洋化学研究的发展历程和主要科学贡献,在此基础上,提出了海洋化学的发展愿景。建国初期的中科院海洋研究所是我国海洋化学研究的主要奠基者和引领者,70年来一直是我国化学海洋学、海洋生物资源化学利用以及海洋腐蚀与防护等领域的中坚力量,为中国海洋化学的发展做出了不可替代的重大贡献。1950—1990年,系统获得了渤黄东海重要化学要素的分布特征,发现了黄东海溶解氧存在最大值系冬季保持而来;构建了大型海藻经济组分提取的系统化方案,奠定了世界最大规模海藻化学工业的基础;系统开拓了我国海洋腐蚀与防护领域的研究。1990—2020年,中科院海洋研究所的海洋化学研究全面与国际接轨,系统研究了中国近海化学要素特别是微痕量无机/有机组分的分布迁移转化特征及机制,提出了海洋生物地球化学研究的系统思路;研制成功褐藻多糖硫酸酯治疗肾衰新海洋药物,发现大量具有生物活性的海洋活性物质,在应用海洋化学领域也有重要进展。  相似文献   

17.
The persistence of the anthropogenic halogenated tracers, CFC-11 (CCl3F), CFC-12 (CCl2F2), CFC-113 (CCl2FCClF2), carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and methyl chloroform (CH3CCl3) in oxygen-depleted waters was investigated in the anoxic fjord Framvaren in southern Norway. A model for the ventilation of the water in the fjord was created based on tritium and CFC-12 profiles. The results suggest that CFC-12 is stable in this environment, although still affected by particulate scavenging, while the other four halocarbon species shows signs of significant removal in the oxic/anoxic interface. The first-order removal coefficients were calculated to be 0.35, 0.19, 1.23 and 0.31 year−1 for CFC-11, CFC-113, CCl4 and CH3CCl3, respectively. Significant downward flux of halogenated tracers by sinking organic matter is suggested by the model; the tracers are subsequently released to the water column by the remineralisation of the particles. This process acts as a sink of halogenated tracers in the surface waters, whereas it is a source for the deep waters. Our results points to bioaccumulation factors (BF) for the CFC tracers in the order of 4.4–5.4 (log BF), which is 100–600 times those previously reported. This might be of significance to near-shore, semi-enclosed, basins with a high flux of organic matter, but would still have little importance in open ocean basins.  相似文献   

18.
逐步判别分析法在海洋水质评价中的应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
针对粤西海域海洋水质评价这一问题,依照GB 3097-1997《国家海水水质标准》建立一个由400个站位组成、每个站位包含13个水质指标信息的假设随机样本,利用逐步判别分析法,在随机样本的13个水质指标中按其对水质分类判别能力的大小进行筛选,最终选出化学需氧量、石油类、镉、总磷、总氮这5个具有显著判别能力的指标,并利用这5个指标建立判别函数及水质分类图版,进而克服水质指标数据引入过多对水质评价模型的不利影响。利用上述水质分类图版对粤西海域2010年40个站位的水质状况进行了评价,对比海洋与渔业环境监测站的水质分类结果,其正确率为95%,说明该水质分类图版具有良好的实际应用效果,可作为解决利用多水质指标信息综合评价海洋水质这一问题的有效方法。  相似文献   

19.
黄、东海海域水团发育对底质沉积物分布的影响   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
通过对黄、东海海域底质沉积物中的细粒级粘土矿物组合特征和全粒级碳酸盐含量分析、对比上覆水团和悬浮体资料,探讨研究区水团发育消长对底质沉积物分布的影响作用。结果表明研究区可以划分为长江冲淡水影响的长江型物质沉积区;黄海水影响的黄河型物质沉积区和黑潮水以及东海次表层水影响的残留型物质沉积区。而水团发育消长可直接影响下伏底质的分布特征。黄河型物质沉积区与残留型物质沉积区的分界相应于黄海冷水向东南扩展与黑潮次中层混合水向陆架爬升互为消长的长期综合平衡位置,而黄海冷水向东南的扩展范围代表着黄河物质在陆架向东南扩展沉积的最大范围.  相似文献   

20.
A method involving chemical (cycloheximide, thiram) inhibition of protozoan bacterivores was applied in an attempt to estimate marine bacterioplanktonic growth rates. The inhibitors were capable of preventing growth of marine protozoan bacterivores at concentrations which did not inhibit growth of marine bacterial assemblages. Use of the predator-inhibition method with incubated water samples from a nearshore marine environment indicated that protozoan grazing control of the size of bacterial standing crop was quite variable with time and site. The apparent degree of control ranged from non-existent to complete. As a means of estimating bacterial generation times, the predator-inhibition method gave results more closely aligned with those of a dividing-cells technique than a [3H]thymidine technique.  相似文献   

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