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1.
大叶藻移植方法的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探索适宜的大叶藻(Zostera marina)移植修复方法,2008年10～11月,利用沉子法、枚钉法、直插法、夹苗法和整理箱法,在山东荣成俚岛近岸海域进行了大叶藻移植试验,监测了移植后1个月内大叶藻的生长、存活与渗透压的变化,比较了天然大叶藻和移植大叶藻之间的差异,并分析了移植海区主要环境因子与大叶藻生长与存活之间的关系。结果显示,5种移植方法大叶藻的平均存活率为沉子法(100%)>枚钉法(86.7%)>直插法(66.7%)>夹苗法(20%)>整理箱法(0%);移植大叶藻的平均绝对生长率为沉子法(0.358 cm/d)>直插法(0.242 cm/d)>对照组(0.211 cm/d)>枚钉法(0.083 cm/d)>夹苗法(0.067 cm/d);与天然大叶藻相比,移植后大叶藻根的渗透压显著升高,而茎和叶的渗透压则显著降低(P<0.01);移植后大叶藻的生长与存活和移植海区水流、光照、底质等主要环境因子显著相关。研究结果为研发适宜的低成本大叶藻受损生物群落生态修复技术提供了参考。 相似文献
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山东近海浮游植物多样性很高,其中包括很多能够引发赤潮的赤潮物种。在气候变化和人类活动的双重影响下,山东近海赤潮事件的规模越来越大,赤潮暴发频率也越来越高,给生态环境及人类健康带来负面影响,从而引起越来越大的关注。为系统了解山东近海的赤潮物种多样性,评估潜在的赤潮暴发事件,对过去84年间(1936～2019年)完成的以山东近海浮游植物为研究对象的生态研究项目进行了全面的文献检索,并对文献报道的结果进行了整理和分析。这些生态研究项目基本都采用了基于形态特征的方法对浮游植物进行了物种鉴定。对检索到的119个生态研究项目的鉴定结果汇总得到659种浮游植物,其中包括155种赤潮物种,以硅藻(78种)和甲藻(67种)为主,还包括棕鞭藻(5种)、定鞭藻(2种)、隐藻(1种)、未定类的三深碎裂藻(Ebriatripartite)和红色中缢虫(Mesodinium rubrum)。鉴定频率最高的赤潮物种包括中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)、旋链角毛藻(Chaetoceros curvisetus)、尖刺伪菱形藻(Pseudo-nitzschia pungens)、夜光藻(Nocti... 相似文献
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《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2017,(5)
大叶藻(Zostera marina L.)是全球分布最广泛的海草之一,曾在山东半岛沿海有广泛分布。然而,自1980年代开始,受自然因素和人类活动的影响,大叶藻场严重衰退,导致黄海近岸海洋生态系统恶化,渔业资源锐减。本研究以中国黄海海域(山东半岛)大叶藻为研究对象,研究不同温度、春化作用时间对大叶藻种子萌发和不同播种深度对种子成苗率的影响,进行了幼苗培育,研制开发幼苗移栽装置和技术。结果表明:春化处理温度对大叶藻种子萌发率具有显著影响(p0.01),4℃春化处理50d的大叶藻种子萌发率最高,平均达55.3%;埋植深度对大叶藻种子萌发率和幼苗成苗率有影响,埋植深度0.5~2.5cm时大叶藻幼苗的出苗率相似,但显著高于埋植深度3~4.5cm的成苗率(p0.01)。依据这些研究结果,成功培育大叶藻苗7.6万株,生长110d,平均幼苗长度达16.3cm,最大长度达22cm;研制了育苗杯大叶藻苗移栽装置,实现了从水面高效栽植大叶藻幼苗。 相似文献
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为研究1989—2013年河北省近海有害藻华灾害分级、时空分布和优势肇事生物变化特征,对河北省近海累计58次有害藻华记录的发生时间、位置与范围、面积和优势有害藻华生物种类进行了统计分析。结果表明:小型(面积0~100 km2)、中型(100~1 000 km2)、大型(≥1 000 km2)和面积不详的有害藻华中,小型藻华为多发性藻华,发生次数占全省海域累计发生次数的60.35%;5-8月份是藻华多发期,发生次数占累计发生次数的86.21%;2000年后藻华发生频率大增,由原来年均发生1次演变为年均发生4次;秦皇岛海域发生藻华次数最多,占全省海域累计发生次数的57.14%,沧州海域次之,唐山海域最少;秦皇岛海域发生藻华累计面积最大,占全省海域累计发生面积的64.25%,沧州海域次之,唐山海域最小。河北省优势海洋有害藻华生物共计15种,易发性藻华生物夜光藻Noctiluca scintillans引发藻华次数最多,占全省海域累计发生次数的44.83%,2009年前是河北省近海最主要的藻华肇事生物;高发性藻华生物抑食金球藻Aureococcus anophagefferens引发有害藻华累计面积最大,占全省海域累计发生面积的55.57%,2009年后该藻和夜光藻共同成为河北省近海优势藻华肇事生物。 相似文献
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大叶藻碎屑作为刺参食物来源的实验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用室内模拟实验方法研究了刺参(Apostichopus japonicus Selenka)与大叶藻(Zostera marina L.)碎屑之间的营养关系, 将大叶藻碎屑与泥质沉积物按照一定的配比作为饵料投喂刺参, 测定刺参的特定生长率和排粪率。按照添加大叶藻碎屑比例的不同, 实验分为5 个处理组, 分别为ES0、ES10、ES20、ES40 和ES100, 大叶藻碎屑含量分别为0%, 10%, 20%, 40%和100%。结果表明, 饵料组成显著影响刺参的生长, 大叶藻碎屑与泥质沉积物混合物中的有机质含量为17%～20%, 水温为13～17℃, 刺参的生长效果较好, 最大特定生长率为1.54%/d, 最大排粪率为1.31g/(个· d)。海草床为刺参提供栖息地的同时, 大叶藻脱落腐败后的有机碎屑可以为刺参提供重要的食物来源, 这对于刺参的资源恢复和营养生态学方面的研究有着重要的意义。 相似文献
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中国科学院海洋研究所在室內大水槽培育大叶藻幼苗吋发现,大叶藻在夏季水温超过28℃时仍正常存活;海区的观察也证明,自然海区生长的大叶藻植株在夏季高温期仍生长正常。大叶藻(Zostera marina)为海草的一种,可以靠地下茎的营养繁殖不断长出新植株,因而能在山东省沿海一些泥沙底质的海区形成以 相似文献
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大叶藻海草床的退化和恢复受到国内外学者的广泛关注,而大叶藻种子萌发则是恢复实践中的一项关键技术。为了提高大叶藻种子萌发率,本研究在实验室可控条件下,采用正交实验对影响大叶藻种子萌发的环境因素(盐度、温度、N/P营养盐浓度及p H)进行了优化,并在优化条件下进一步探究了光质类型、UV-B辐射、低温层积和划破种皮对大叶藻种子萌发和平均萌发时间的影响。结果表明:盐度12、温度10°C、N/P营养盐浓度960/60μmol/L、p H 6.2是大叶藻种子相对适宜的萌发条件组合;黑暗条件下大叶藻种子萌发率最高,为92%,不同类型光质照射不促进大叶藻种子萌发率的提高,但红光照射可在短期内加速种子萌发;在一定强度范围内,种子萌发率随UV-B辐射时长的增加而升高,每日辐射8h,处理8周后种子萌发率可达93%。划破种皮和低温层积均可显著提高大叶藻种子的萌发率并缩短平均萌发时间,经划破种皮处理后,2周内种子萌发率可提高至91%。 相似文献
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桑沟湾楮岛近岸海域大叶藻生态学特征的基础研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
2010年8月至2011年9月期间,对桑沟湾楮岛沿海的大叶藻(Zostera marina L.)进行了一周年调查.结果显示,大叶藻周年平均株高变化范围为(16.97±5.99)~(87.60±20.68)cm,大叶藻平均密度为(613±201)株/m2,单株生物量为0.97~5.31g/株,单位面积平均生物量为594.61~3255.03 g/m2,大叶藻高度和湿重的周年生长变化与水温的变化趋于一致,呈正相关性;大叶藻生长环境水温为5.3~25.6℃,平均温度16.3℃;盐度为28.9~31.3,平均盐度30.6;底质类型为砾砂.大叶藻根茎、叶鞘和叶中碳含量的平均值分别为32.68%±1.27%、33.78%±3.06%、37.01%±1.86%,氮含量平均值分别为1.62%±0.63%、2.79%±0.81%、3.10%±0.81%,磷含量的平均值分别为0.28%±0.04%、0.51%±0.10%、0.48%±0.07%. 相似文献
10.
我国近海有毒藻和藻毒素问题的研究现状与展望 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
海洋中的一部分微藻能够产生藻毒素,导致鱼、贝类等养殖动物染毒或死亡,甚至危及人类健康和海洋生态安全。近20年来,随着对有害藻华(Harmful algal bloom, HAB)问题关注程度的不断提高和研究手段的快速发展,对我国近海有毒藻和藻毒素的认识也在不断深入。本文针对常见的几类藻毒素,从贝类中藻毒素污染状况、毒素来源、有毒藻藻华状况等角度,对我国当前相关研究工作进展进行了综述。大量研究表明,麻痹性贝毒毒素(paralytic shellfish toxins, PSTs)和腹泻性贝毒毒素(diarrhetic shellfish toxins, DSTs)在我国近海最为常见,其中,麻痹性贝毒主要由有毒亚历山大藻(Alexandrium spp.)产生,产毒藻种常见于南海海湾、福建沿海、长江口邻近海域、海州湾、北黄海和秦皇岛近海等,中毒事件也时有发生。常见的大田软海绵酸、扇贝毒素等腹泻性贝毒毒素多由鳍藻(Dinophysis spp.)产生,我国近海贝类沾染藻毒素的现象也非常常见。近年来,随着高效液相色谱和质谱技术的发展,在我国近海发现了越来越多的有毒藻和藻毒素。在对文献进行综合分析的基础上,简单探讨了有毒藻与藻毒素对海产品食品安全的影响及风险,以及未来研究发展方向。 相似文献
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《Ocean & Coastal Management》1999,42(6-7):569-590
Increasing populations and development in many of the small Pacific Island nations have placed heavy pressures on coastal environments and on inshore fisheries. The population of Samoa, in the Southwestern Pacific, has increased 5–6-fold in the past 150 years. Wetlands, lagoons and coral reefs have been seriously degraded because of inappropriate land-use and fisheries practices and recent catastrophic cyclones, and many fish and invertebrate stocks have declined in the past 10–15 years. A research program was established in 1990 to determine the status of the coastal and inshore environments, to monitor inshore subsistence and commercial fisheries, to determine the status of stocks, and to identify potential management actions. An inventory of inshore resources was produced using aerial photography and ground and underwater surveys. Fisheries catch and effort were established through a national census, questionnaire surveys in households and schools, and creel and market surveys. A major aid program was commenced in 1995 by the Australian government (AusAID) to assist Samoa to establish an effective inshore fisheries and environment management program. A key strategy was the devolution of powers in inshore fisheries management back from the national government to the villages and local fishers. A culturally appropriate co-management model was developed and tested, and has now been adopted by many villages. An inshore fisheries extension capability was developed within Samoa's Fisheries Division to assist villagers to undertake their own environmental and fisheries surveys; identify major factors affecting fisheries; identify ways of reducing these factors; establish an agreed (between village council and national government) plan of management and regulations; and establish their own fisheries management bodies. By the end of 1997 the Inshore Fisheries Extension Service had been established and trained; 26 villages had entered the co-management program and established their own plans of management; and 20 fisheries reserves had been established. The techniques for inshore environmental and fisheries assessment and management developed for Samoa are applicable, with appropriate modification, to subsistence fishing communities elsewhere in the South Pacific. 相似文献
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The potential suppression of copepods on appendicularians was found in field and experimental conditions. The abundance and distribution of appendicularians and planktonic copepods were studied with reference to their correlations during summer on the northwest continental shelf of the South China Sea (SCS). Based on the topography and water mass of the surveyed region, it was divided into three sub-regions: Region I (inshore waters of the east Leizhou Peninsula) with low temperature, salinity and high chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentration, Region II (inshore waters of the east and southeast Hainan Island) with low temperature, high salinity and moderate Chl a concentration and Region III (offshore waters from the Leizhou Peninsula to Hainan Island) with high temperature, high salinity and low Chl a concentration. The species richness of appendicularians and copepods increased from the inshore to offshore waters, and high values were observed in Region III. The distribution of appendicularian and copepod abundance decreased generally from the inshore to offshore waters, with the highest values at Region I. Our results suggest that the distribution patterns of appendicularians and copepods differed significantly, as a result of the influence of physical and biological factors. The negative impact of pelagic copepods on appendicularians was not found based on in situ data in the northwest continental shelf of SCS. 相似文献
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The worldwide increase in commercial fisheries and its impact on ecosystems as well as inefficient fishery management have led to overfishing and frequent breakdown of traditional fish stocks.In this context,an analysis of Khuzestan inshore fisheries data covering the years 2002–2011,was conducted in reliance on testing for occurrence of the fishing down marine food webs(FDMFW) phenomenon in the North of Persian Gulf Large Marine Ecosystem(LME).In this study,the mean trophic level(m TL) and the fishing-in-balance(FIB)-index of Khuzestan landings during this period of time were estimated using the trophic level of 47 fishery resources.Increase in total landings(Y) was observed,which explained the high fishing yield in major fishery resources(especially demersal).Moreover,the moderates decreasing trend in m TL per decade,and the increasing trend in FIB-index were observed.The status of fishery resources in Khuzestan inshore waters(under exploited but not overexploited),the rise in Y,FIB and slightly drop in m TL can be considered as indirect indicators of the fishing impacts on the trophic structure of marine communities.Based on this result,probability occurrence of FDMFW process in Khuzestan inshore waters is low to some extent.However,we suggest that the goal of management programs in Khuzestan inshore waters should prevent the continuance of this trend in the long-term using an ecosystem-based approach. 相似文献
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J.R. Seymour L. Seuront M.J. Doubell J.G. Mitchell 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008,80(4):589-597
Sampling was conducted within inshore and offshore sites, characterized by highly dissimilar hydrodynamic and hydrobiological conditions, in the Eastern English Channel. The eutrophic inshore site was dominated by the influence of a dense bloom of the Prymnesiophyceae phytoplankton species Phaeocystis globosa, while the offshore site was characterized by more oceanic conditions. Within each site the microscale distributions of chlorophyll a and several flow cytometrically-defined subpopulations of heterotrophic bacteria and viruses were measured at a spatial resolution of 5 cm. The inshore site was characterized by comparatively high levels of microscale spatial variability, with concentrations of chlorophyll a, heterotrophic bacteria, and viruses varying by 8, 11 and 3.5-fold respectively across distances of several centimeters. Within the offshore site, microscale distributions of chlorophyll a and bacteria were markedly less variable than within the inshore site, although viruses exhibited slightly higher levels of heterogeneity. Significant mesoscale variability was also observed when mean microbial parameters were compared between the inshore and offshore sites. However, when the extent of change (max/min and coefficient of variation) was compared between meso- and microscales, the variability observed at the microscale, particularly in the inshore site, was substantially greater. This pattern suggests that microscale processes associated with Phaeocystis globosa bloom dynamics can generate heterogeneity amongst microbial communities to a greater degree than large scale oceanographic discontinuities. 相似文献
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Public participation is a key ingredient of good governance and there are many advantages of involving stakeholders in the decision-making process. The European Commission identified the lack of stakeholder involvement as one of the major weaknesses of the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP). As such, the 2002 Reform of the CFP aimed to improve its system of governance by increasing the involvement of stakeholders in decision-making. Over the last decade, Scottish inshore waters have seen an increase in management measures focused on involving fishers, delegating responsibilities and decentralizing management. The present document investigates commercial inshore fishers’ perceptions of participation in the decision-making process and attitudes towards a new management regime – the Inshore Fisheries Groups (IFGs) – which aims to increase participation in and decentralization of inshore fisheries management. A survey was conducted, through face-to-face interviews, and ordered logistic and multiple regression models created to identify which characteristics influence fishers’ perceptions and attitudes. The present analysis concluded that, 5 years subsequent to the reform of the CFP, the majority of inshore fishers perceive themselves not to be consulted or involved in the decision-making process. However, and despite the fact that fishers are not completely certain of the potential of the IFGs to increase their participation in the management process, they have an overall positive attitude towards their implementation. 相似文献
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Subsequent to extension of fishery jurisdiction in 1977 it was Canadian policy to favour the inshore sector in rehabilitation of the Canadian groundfish fishery. Catch allocation, limited entry licensing and vessel replacement policies were implemented, which at first allowed and then increasingly attempted to limit inshore fleet expansion, which was being encouraged through financial assistance programmes. New regulatory authorities wer obtained to deal with the increasingly difficult task of limiting annual harvests to catch quota levels. A 1986 study concluded that the licensed capacity of the Nova Scotia inshore fleet was approximately four times that required to exploit the resource at target levels. As a result of a government task force report released in January 1990, substantial changes were made in the control of fishing by inshore fleets, including establishment of an individual boat catch quota system for some sectors. This article documents the regulatory actions taken to date to control inshore fleet development and annual fishing activities, and the responses of fishermen to these, as a possible guide to the implementation of new approaches. 相似文献
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Sevim Polat 《Marine Ecology》2002,23(2):115-126
Abstract. The monthly changes in chlorophyll a , phytoplankton abundance and nutrient concentrations at two stations, one at the inshore and the other at the deep waters of the northern part of İskenderun Bay, were investigated between 1994 – 1995. The vertical distribution of nutrients and phytoplankton biomass were also studied at the deep station. The concentrations of NO3 +NO2 -N, PO4 -P and SiO4 -Si of surface water at both stations were 0.31 – 1.63 µg-at · l-1 , 0.08 – 0.60 µg-at · l-1 and 0.50 – 2.7 µg-at · l-1 , respectively. The highest concentrations were measured at the inshore station and clear differences were found between the inshore and deep-water stations. Chlorophyll a concentrations ranged from 0.17 to 2.78 µg · l-1 and the highest value was measured in March. At the inshore station, which was affected by land run-off, phytoplankton abundance reached the highest value (21,308 cells · l-1 ) in October 1995, with a marked dominance of Pseudonitzschia pungens (20,200 cells · l-1 ). The nutrient and chlorophyll a concentrations at the inshore station were higher than those at the deep station. One reason for this is the land-based nutrient input into the coastal area here. In spite of these effects, the bay is not eutrophicated because of circulation events in the northeastern Mediterranean. 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2017
A detailed understanding of fishing activity in Scottish waters is required to inform marine spatial planning. Larger fishing vessels are fitted with Vessel Monitoring Systems (VMS) offering spatial information on fishing activity. VMS does not cover smaller vessels (under 15 m), which fish predominantly in inshore waters where the competition for space is often greatest. To improve knowledge of the distribution of fishing activity and value of fisheries in Scotland's inshore waters, Marine Scotland conducted a participatory fisheries mapping project, known as ScotMap. The data were collected during face-to-face interviews with 1090 fishermen of Scottish registered commercial fishing vessels under 15 m in overall length and relate to fishing activity for the period 2007–2011. Interviewees were asked to identify the areas in which they fish, estimate the contribution these areas make to vessel earnings, and to provide associated information. The majority of interviews relate to creel fishing. The data collected were aggregated to provide mapped outputs of the monetary value, relative importance to fishermen and the usage of the seas around Scotland (number of fishing vessels and number of crew). ScotMap outputs provide information on the locations of inshore fishing activities and the economic importance of different sea areas at a much higher spatial resolution than was previously possible. Outputs have informed marine policy development, provide a valuable resource for marine spatial planning in Scotland and illustrate how participatory mapping can generate useful resources on the location and importance of inshore fishing areas. 相似文献