共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
《海洋预报》2021,(3)
利用ECMWF-interim逐6 h再分析资料、中国气象局台风最佳路径资料和NOAA逐日OISST海表温度等资料,并采用ARW-WRF中尺度数值模式,对1409号台风"威马逊"在南海北部海域急剧增强的原因进行分析和数值敏感性试验。结果表明:低层西南季风气流突然增强和高空东风急流异常偏强的高低空环流的最佳配置,是此次台风在南海北部海域急剧增强的主要动力机制;整层环境风垂直切变较大,而低层环境风垂直切变小,高层出流强、低层水汽充沛,是台风在南海北部海域快速增强过程中所独具的环境特征;南海北部海温异常偏高是造成此次台风猛烈发展并出现登陆极端强度的决定性因子。 相似文献
2.
1409号台风威马逊是自1973年以来登陆华南地区的最强台风,其在登陆前,临岸急剧增强。每年初夏,尽管南海的海洋环境有利于台风的增长,但是由于西太平洋副热带高压(以下简称副高)的引导作用,大部分台风路径会偏离南海。本文分析结果表明,在2014年初夏,副高的位置相对过去几十年的平均位置更偏向西南方,因此,台风威马逊在副高的引导下穿过菲律宾进入南海海域。南海的高温海水为其强度陡增提供了有利条件,威马逊在短短26 h内急剧增长为超强台风。前人研究结果显示,近些年来副高的位置明显向西延伸,如果这种西向延伸的趋势一直保持或者继续,那么在初夏可能会有更多的热带风暴进入南海并且得以加强,华南地区或将面临更多灾难性台风的袭击。 相似文献
3.
201409号超强台风"威马逊"于2014年7月从北部湾北部过境,对红河三角洲近岸海域的水动力环境产生重要影响。本文基于Delft3D建立三维潮、流、浪耦合数值模型,对红河三角洲水位、海流及波浪对台风的响应变化进行模拟。结果表明:威马逊台风期间,红河三角洲海域风速增大约6倍,风向由偏南风转为偏北风,表底层流速均受影响,其中表层变化较大,表现为北分量流速明显增大,流向变为偏南向,与风向主分量变化有关;波高增大为正常海况的9倍,时间变化与风速一致。本研究获得了从北部湾北部海域过境的台风影响下红河三角洲海域水动力环境的响应变化特征,对该海域的物质输运研究及海洋工程建设有重要意义。 相似文献
4.
表层暖水在南海11月份台风路径北移中的作用 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
生成于西北太平洋的台风经常穿过南海海盆。与1980年以前相比,1980年以后南海11月份的台风路径显示出了明显的北移现象。通过数据分析和数值模拟研究发现,南海表层暖水在台风路径的北移现象中扮演了极为重要的角色。南海表层的增暖导致南海西北部的大气环境形成了显著的气旋式环流异常以及南海中部相应的南风异常,从而引导台风路径更向北偏移。 相似文献
5.
选取了两例迅速增强的南海土台风"蝴蝶"(1321)与"银河"(1603),分析了其增强时南海及周边海域的高低空环流形势、垂直风切变情况和海洋热状况,并利用WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting Model,WRF)模式探究两者强度不同的环境原因。"银河"虽具有较有利的海洋下垫面条件,但并未发展为台风,是因为不利的高低空环流形势和垂直风切变条件。"蝴蝶"迅速增强为强台风是因为其发生时北方冷空气南下,西南暖湿气流爆发等有利条件。WRF模式对海表面温度(SST)影响土台风强度的敏感性实验表明,土台风强度对于SST的响应表现为非线性正相关,SST升高,土台风增强的速率将减缓。7—9月的南海SST均高于28℃,已满足土台风增强条件。因此,在对于土台风的预报中,需特别注意SST以外的其他环境因子。 相似文献
6.
《海洋预报》2016,(6)
通过对台风年鉴基本资料和NCEP 1°×1°格点资料进行分析,总结了"威马逊"在整个生命史内的强度变化,运用天气学和动力学诊断方法,分析了"威马逊"活动的环境场特征,结果表明:"威马逊"在整个生命史内,有3个急剧增强的时刻和1个急剧减弱时刻;中低层的垂直切变与中高层垂直切变与3个急剧增强过程相关性较好,两者的急剧减小对TC的急剧增强有较强的指示意义;"威马逊"的强度变化与总水汽净流入有近似一致的关系,西边界和南边界对台风的加强具有正贡献,东边界和北边界是台风水汽流出的方向;低层的质量净流入较大,高层的质量净流出较强时,表明高低空的配合较好,有利于TC的发展。 相似文献
7.
《海洋湖沼通报》2017,(6)
根据ECMWF和CFSV2的数据,本文选择了3个影响我国南海的典型台风过程,分析了海表温度SST在台风期间的变化。结果表明,台风期间SST下降,台风路径右侧的降温幅度明显高于左侧。在过境2d左右,SST下降幅度最为明显,其中201509号台风威马逊降温中心右侧最大异常值可达-2.5762℃,左侧为-1.441℃,降温中心呈明显的右偏性。在此基础上,对SST异常与有效波高,热通量以及风速的相关性进行研究。统计表明,台风期间的SST异常与有效波高和风速的相关性较高,相关系数高达0.6-0.7;与热通量相关性最低,相关系数为0.2-0.4,且台风的最大风速越大,相关系数就越高。通过计算台风期间风向海表波浪输入动能发现,风应力越大,风向波浪输入的动能以及动能下传的深度也越大。海洋内部的混合就越剧烈,故而由混合引起的海表降温幅度较大。可见SST异常与风速以及波浪要素确实有很高的相关性。 相似文献
8.
选取了两例迅速增强的南海土台风“蝴蝶”(1321)与“银河”(1603), 分析了其增强时南海及周边海域的高低空环流形势、垂直风切变情况和海洋热状况, 并利用WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting Model, WRF)模式探究两者强度不同的环境原因。“银河”虽具有较有利的海洋下垫面条件, 但并未发展为台风, 是因为不利的高低空环流形势和垂直风切变条件。“蝴蝶”迅速增强为强台风是因为其发生时北方冷空气南下, 西南暖湿气流爆发等有利条件。WRF模式对海表面温度(SST)影响土台风强度的敏感性实验表明, 土台风强度对于SST的响应表现为非线性正相关, SST升高, 土台风增强的速率将减缓。7—9月的南海SST均高于28℃, 已满足土台风增强条件。因此, 在对于土台风的预报中, 需特别注意SST以外的其他环境因子。 相似文献
9.
文中调查了"威马逊"台风过境时东海黑潮对台风的响应特征,以海面高度异常(Sea Level Anomaly, SLA)和摩擦深度作为主要研究因子,利用艾克曼风生海流理论,得出了在"威马逊"台风过程中东海黑潮附近海域尤其是宫古海峡处的SLA值和摩擦深度的响应特征,发现了东海黑潮及其周边海域表层流场与海面高度异常值(SLA)之间的对应关系存在明显的季节性变化特征, SLA正负极值区对应的表层流场一般呈现反气旋型分布和气旋型分布,利用这一对应关系可以有效地分析判断在台风过程中东海黑潮及附近海域表层流场的响应特征。其结论对于东海黑潮流域的海洋环境分析和该区域的军事活动都有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
10.
通过分析1951—2010年海表面温度(SST)数据发现,南海SST在1980年前后发生了显著的气候变异:与1980年以前相比,南海SST在1980年后平均升高0.44℃,升温幅度明显强于西北太平洋。利用同一时期风应力数据分析探讨了南海SST气候变异与南海风应力变化的关系,发现1980年后南海风应力平均较1980年前减弱了1.04×10-2 N/m2,风应力的显著减弱是导致SST跃升的主要原因。进一步通过数据分析,研究了SST气候变异对南海大尺度环流和南海局地台风活动的影响。结果表明,受SST显著增暖的影响,1980年后南海台风多发季节大气环流发生北风和西风异常,台风高频区东退,强度显著增强,登陆中国华南地区前的气压平均较1980年前下降约8.4hPa,对华南地区的影响加剧。 相似文献
11.
A possible role of the South China Sea in ENSO cycle 总被引：5，自引：4，他引：5
A data-based hypothesis on the role of the South China Sea (SCS) in ENSO cycle is proposed: during El Nino, there are westerly wind anomaly over the western equatorial Pacific and positive SST anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific. Meanwhile anomalous convection moves to the central Pacific with anomalous sinking over Indonesian Archipelago. The latter can cause southerly wind anomaly over the north of South China Sea (NSCS) and makes the NSCS warmer. The warm NSCS can attract the anomalous convection to it in some degree. This attraction is in favor for producing easterly wind anomaly over the western equatorial Pacific, so it helps to form a cycle. 相似文献
12.
Which is more important for tropical cyclone (TC) intensity and intensification, sea surface temperature (SST) or tropical cyclone heat potential (TCHP)? Investigations using best-track TC central pressures, TRMM/TMI three-day mean SST data, and an estimated TCHP based on oceanic reanalysis data from 1998 to 2004, show that the central pressure is more closely related to TCHP accumulated from TC formation to its mature stages than to the accumulated SST and its duration. From an oceanic environmental viewpoint, a rapid deepening of TC central pressure occurs when TCHP is relatively high on a basin scale, while composite distributions of TCHP, vertical wind shear, lower tropospheric relative humidity, and wind speed occurring in cases of rapid intensification are different for each TC season. In order to explore the influence of TCHP on TC intensity and intensification, analyses using both oceanic reanalysis data and the results of numerical simulations based on an ocean general circulation model are performed for the cases of Typhoons Chaba (2004) and Songda (2004), which took similar tracks. The decrease in TCHP due to the passage of Chaba led to the suppression of Songda’s intensity at the mature stage, while Songda maintained its intensity for a relatively long time because induced near-inertial currents due to the passage of Chaba reproduced anticyclonic warm eddies appearing on the leftside of Chaba’s track before Songda passed by. This type of intensity-sustenance process caused by the passage of a preceding TC is often found in El Niño years. These results suggest that TCHP, but not SST, plays an important role in TC intensity and its intensification. 相似文献
13.
A case study on the cyclonic eddy generated by the tropical cyclone looping over the northern South China Sea (NSCS) is presented, using TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter data and AVHRR sea surface temperature (SST) data.Three cases relating to the tropical cyclone events (Typhoon Kai-Tak in July 2000, Tropical Storm Russ in June 1994and Tropical Storm Maria in August-September 2000) over the NSCS have been analyzed. For each looping tropical cyclone case, the cyclonic eddy with an obvious sea level depression appears in the sea area where the tropical cyclone takes a loop form, and lasts for about 2 weeks with a slight variation in location. The cold core with the SST difference greater than 2 ℃ against its surrounding areas is also observed by the satellite-derived SST data. 相似文献
14.
Detection of cyclonic eddy generated by looping tropical cyclone in the northern South China Sea: a case study 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
A case study on the cyclonic eddy generated by the tropical cyclone looping over the northern South China Sea (NSCS) is presented, using TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter data and AVHRR sea surface temperature (SST) data. Three cases relating to the tropical cyclone events (Typhoon Kai-Tak in July 2000, Tropical Storm Russ in June 1994 and Tropical Storm Maria in August-September 2000) over the NSCS have been analyzed. For each looping tropical cyclone case, the cyclonic eddy with an obvious sea level depression appears in the sea area where the tropical cyclone takes a loop form, and lasts for about 2 weeks with a slight variation in location. The cold core with the SST difference greater than 2℃against its surrounding areas is also observed by the satellite-derived SST data. 相似文献
15.
Trends of sea surface temperature and sea surface temperature fronts in the South China Sea during 2003–2017 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The trends of the sea surface temperature(SST) and SST fronts in the South China Sea(SCS) are analyzed during2003–2017 using high-resolution satellite data. The linear trend of the basin averaged SST is 0.31°C per decade,with the strongest warming identified in southeastern Vietnam. Although the rate of warming is comparable in summer and winter for the entire basin, the corresponding spatial patterns of the linear trend are substantially different between them. The SST trend to the west of the Luzon Strait is characterized by rapid warming in summer, exceeding approximately 0.6°C per decade, but the trend is insignificant in winter. The strongest warming trend occurs in the southeast of Vietnam in winter, with much less pronounced warming in summer. A positive trend of SST fronts is identified for the coast of China and is associated with increasing wind stress. The increasing trend of SST fronts is also found in the east of Vietnam. Large-scale circulation, such as El Ni?o, can influence the trends of the SST and SST fronts. A significant correlation is found between the SST anomaly and Ni?o3.4 index, and the ENSO signal leads by eight months. The basin averaged SST linear trends increase after the El Ni?o event(2009–2010), which is, at least, due to the rapid warming rate causing by the enhanced northeasterly wind. Peaks of positive anomalous SST and negatively anomalous SST fronts are found to co-occur with the strong El Ni?o events. 相似文献
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17.
南海及邻近海域异常海温影响局域大气环流的初步试验 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
南海及邻近海域表层海温（SST）异常的气候意义可以通过IAP－AGCM的数值模拟得到反映。数值试验表明，东亚大气环流对这种SST异常的响应具有时变性（或称季节性），在空间上维持一定的经向结构和纬向结构。确切地说，南海冷水年份，即南海和孟加拉湾负距平、西太平洋正距平的年份，2，3月份南海有东北风异常；夏季菲律宾附近维持一个反气旋式的差值环流，它的低频活动造成了这个地区九水场的低频振荡；与环流较一致的是夏季西太平洋副热带高压活动有所减弱、东移，造成了水汽经向输送的异常分布。 相似文献
18.
The fifth Pennsylvania State University and National Center for Atmospheric Research mesoscale model (MM5) is utilized to study the precipitation and wind speed during Typhoon Chanchu (2006).Five model experiments with different physical parameterizations and sea surface temperature (SST) distributions are carried out.It is found that the control experiment configured with the Blakadar boundary scheme,Resiner2 moisture,the Betts-Miller cumulus scheme and daily updated SST has the most reasonable precipitation.The MRF boundary scheme tends to simulate a dryer boundary layer and stronger vertical mixing,which can greatly reduce the intensity of tropical cyclone (TC),resulting in a smaller maximum wind speed but larger range of medium wind speed (25-30 m/s).Constant SST through the TC cycle provides more energy from ocean surface,which could cause a significant increase in TC’s intensity,thus resulting in the largest overestimation on rainfall and maximum wind speed.Longitudinally-uniform SST distribution before the rapid intensification could reduce TC’s intensity and heat fluxes,which can partially compensate for the overestimation of precipitation in the control experiment. 相似文献
19.
在珠江口、广东沿岸及南海北部三个航次生物-光学数据的基础上,研究了色素打包效应和色素成分的变化对浮游植物吸收系数的影响,结果表明,两种因素对吸收系数都有较大的贡献,但在不同的水体它们的影响程度各有不同.对网采浮游植物含量较高的珠江口和广东沿岸的水体而言,色素打包效应较强,对675 nm处比吸收系数的贡献平均分别为40%和20%;对微型浮游植物占主导地位的南海北部航次的水体,打包效应较弱,对675 nm处比吸收系数的影响平均仅为6%.采用多元线性回归的方法对吸收光谱进行分析,发现除叶绿素a之外的辅助色素对吸收系数的贡献主要表现在蓝绿光波段,三个航次440 nm波长处对总吸收的贡献平均分别为44%,43%和53%,其中对珠江口和广东沿岸航次的水体主要是光合类胡萝卜素的吸收贡献,而对南海北部航次的水体除了光合类胡萝卜素以外还要受到光保护类胡萝卜素的影响.由于河口、近岸和外海水体藻类粒级结构和辅助色素成分对浮游植物吸收系数的贡献有明显的差异,在南海北部水体建立比较精确的生物光学模型时,需考虑藻类粒级结构及色素成分对浮游植物吸收系数的影响. 相似文献