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1.
J. L. McKoy 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):403-409
In Tauranga Harbour, Lyrodus medilobatus was found in greatest numbers on test‐blocks placed near the bottom, while Bankia australis, B. neztalia, and Nototeredo edax had a more uniform vertical distribution. Shipworms occurred in the intertidal zone up to about mean sea level. In Wellington Harbour, B. neztalia was found in test‐blocks up to mean sea level, but was most abundant in blocks near the bottom. In the Bay of Islands, shipworms settled in the intertidal on test‐blocks as high as 30 cm below mean sea level. B. australis was the most abundant species in mangrove wood in northern New Zealand, and L. medilobatus occurred occasionally. No evidence was found for shipworms settling on living mangrove wood, although they frequently tunnelled from dead wood into living wood. 相似文献
2.
J. L. McKoy 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(3):263-275
Bankia neztalia was found in temperate waters around New Zealand, mainly south of New Plymouth and Tauranga. Bankia australis was found in warm‐temperate waters north of Nelson; it requires water temperatures above 19–20°c for successful breeding and is euryhaline. Lyrodus pedicellatus also occurred in warm‐temperate waters north of Nelson and had a lower water temperature limit for survival of about 10 °c. Lyrodus medilobatus occurred in warm‐temperate waters on the north‐east coast of the North Island north of Tauranga. Nototeredo edax is uncommon and occurred over the same range as B. australis. The presence of shipworms in wood collected from depths of greater than 50 m around New Zealand is reported. Teredora princesae is recorded from driftwood around New Zealand. 相似文献
3.
Wood destruction in test panels ofShorea leprosulawas related to the percentage of fouling, types of wood borers and the number of wood borers. The natural durability ofShorea leprosulapanels was estimated to be 4–5 months in Malaysian marine waters. A higher fouling cover resulted in lower rates of wooden panel deterioration. Larger numbers of wood borers brought about greater panel deterioration. Primary wood destruction was caused by bivalve wood borers, mainlyMartesia striata, Lyrodus pedicellatus, Bankia campanellata, Teredo furciferaandTeredo bartschi. Martesia striatawas the important wood destroying agent in the intertidal zone and, together with the shipworms, was also responsible for panel destruction in the subtidal zone. 相似文献
4.
A limited survey was undertaken to determine the concentrations of copper, lead, and chromium in sediments of the upper Manukau Harbour, New Zealand. The concentrations of copper and chromium (33–70 and 70–107 μg g‐1 respectively) were of the same order of magnitude as those reported for other New Zealand harbours. However, lead concentrations (98–247 μg g‐1) were higher than those found for the other harbours. This may be a consequence of higher traffic densities in the surrounding area. 相似文献
5.
Heavy metal analysis of the < 20 μm fraction of marine sediments from Wellington Harbour and Waiwhetu Stream have shown that the Waiwhetu Stream is easily the most polluted area in the Wellington Harbour system with Pb and Zn in the extremely polluted category and Cu, Cd, and Hg in the moderately to strongly polluted category. These elements have different distributions in the stream sediments reflecting their different sources from adjacent factories. In Wellington Harbour itself, the central basin of the harbour suffers from minimal pollution. Pb, and to a lesser extent Zn and Cu, are the main pollutants and local enrichment of these elements is noted in Lambton Harbour basin, off Pencarrow and Moa Point outfalls, in Evans Bay, and off Petone and Kaiwharawhara. The geochemical data do not enable us to identify the source of the pollutants unambiguously. A summary of the history of waste discharges into the harbour suggests that heavy metal pollution may have been higher in the past. 相似文献
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厦门西港浮游动物生态研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
本文根据１９９４年７月和１２月于厦门西港所获得的调查资料,分析了浮游动物的丰度及其季节和年际变化,讨论了浮游动物的物种和生态类群多样性,结果表明,７月浮游动物湿重生物量月均值约为１２月的２．５６倍,与历史资料相比,呈逐年趋势;７月和１２月在西港共记录浮游动物５５种和多种浮游幼体,它们分别隶属于５个生态类群,文中还分析了潮汐地浮游动物分布的影响。 相似文献
8.
Four enzymes and one protein were tested in starch and cellulose acetate gels as biochemical tags for the separation of flounder (Rhombosolea spp.) larvae and O‐groups. Lactate dehydrogenase phenotypes separated O‐groups and larvae (longer than about 5 mm) of R. plebeia from R. leporina and R. retiaria. General protein phenotypes separated similar specimens of R. leporina from R. plebeia and R. retiaria. Most Rhombosolea larvae and O‐groups caught in Wellington Harbour were R. plebeia. 相似文献
9.
David Roper 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):487-498
Abstract Benthos near a sewage outfall discharging 69 000 m3 d?1 of municipal sewage into Tauranga Harbour was studied to determine the nature and extent of the impact caused by a small organic input. Sediment samples were collected about the outfall and analysed for particle size, sorting, mud content, readily oxidisable carbon (ROC), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), total phosphorus (TP), “oil and grease” (OG), and macroinvertebrates. It is concluded that observed patterns of physical sediment characteristics are mainly natural. Levels of ROC, TKN, TP, and OG were all highest at or nearby the outfall. However, chemical changes in the sediment related to the discharge seemed to be limited to within less than 50 m distance of the outfall. The distributions of ROC, TKN, and TP in the sediments were closely related to natural changes in mud content. The outfall had little effect on the distribution of total numbers of taxa or individuals, or the composition of macro‐invertebrate assemblages. Rather, these were most closely related to the (probably natural) variability in sediment particle size and sorting. Analysis of the distributions of common species showed that several were responding to the discharge, but such responses were limited to within 10 m of the outfall. Trie absence of extensive impact on benthos from the outfall probably related to high water velocities (up to 0.5 m sr?1 on a mean tide) over the outfall diffuser, which would ensure that any drop in sediment oxygen levels is small. 相似文献
10.
The population biology of the wedge shell Macomona liliana (Iredale, 1915) was studied at six sites on intertidal sandflats in Manukau Harbour over 2 years. Differences were found in the densities of bivalves between sites, and at each site large seasonal fluctuations in densities were also observed. Within‐site density fluctuations were mainly the result of changes in the numbers of juveniles (< 5 mm long). Length‐frequency distributions were dominated by a single mode associated with new recruits. The only major inter‐site difference was the scarcity of large bivalves at one site. Recruitment to the macrobenthos occurred over an extended period (summer to late winter or spring), but with markedly different levels of recruitment in the two successive years. Length‐frequency plots indicated that growth in the first year was 2–3 mm. The possible involvement of hydrodynamics, inter‐ and intraspecific interactions, and pollution on recruitment, and the importance of mortality and migration to post‐settlement survival are discussed. 相似文献
11.
J. B. Jones 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):667-676
The pea crab Pinnotheres novaezelandiae Filhol (Brachyura: Pinnotheridac) infests the mussel Perna canaliculus (Gmelin) in Wellington Harbour. The crab passes through the same post‐planktonic stages as other pea crabs. The number of eggs hatching increases over summer, although females can be found incubating eggs at any time of the year. Shellfish below the level of low water neap tide are more heavily infested than those above this level. Damage to the host is restricted to erosion of the demibranchs and nodule formation on the mantle. 相似文献
12.
J. L. McKoy 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(3):417-421
Teredicola typicus, previously recorded from Bankia australis Caiman, 1920 at two sites in the Auckland area, has been found at Bay of Islands, Whangarei, Mahurangi, and Coromandel Harbours in the North Island of New Zealand. Two specimens have also been found in another shipworm, Lyrodus pedicellatus (Quatrefages, 1849) at Coromandel, a first record from this host in New Zealand. 相似文献
13.
A bloom of the green microalga Tetraselmis sp. in a small lagoon in Wellington Harbour, New Zealand, is considered to have caused a fish kill of pilchards (Sardinops sagax). The fish deaths are attributed to anoxia brought about by a combination of reduced dissolved oxygen levels and the microalgae sticking to and clogging the secondary gill lamellae of the fish. 相似文献
14.
Chris M. C. Woods 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):881-888
This investigation examines aspects of reproductive output in brooding wild male seahorses, Hippocampus abdominalis, from Wellington Harbour, New Zealand. Previously undocumented, such information is crucial to the management and protection of this species in relation to the CITES Appendix II‐listing of all seahorse species. Brooding males (n = 46) were captured and kept captive until the release of their juveniles, whereupon the number of juveniles was counted and sampled for standard length (SL) and dry weight (DW). SL (mean ± 1SE) of brooding males was 18.1 ± 0.6 cm and wet weight (WW) 17.6 ± 1.6 g. Number (mean ± 1SE) of juveniles released per brood was 271.2 ± 27. The number of juveniles produced was positively correlated with parent SL, WW, and brood pouch volume. Brood pouch volume was positively correlated with male SL. SL (mean ±1SE) of juveniles released was 16.7 + 0.2 mm and DW 1.2 ± 0.1 mg. Mean SL and DW of juveniles were not correlated with the number of juveniles per brood, parent male SL or parent male pouch volume. The percentage of pouch contents which were non‐viable (i.e., premature or non‐viable eggs) upon juvenile release was low (1.1 ± 0.2%; mean ±1SE of the total pouch contents). Based on findings in this study it is suggested that the CITES 10 cm minimum height restriction, which can be used in lieu of non‐detriment findings to allow sustainable exploitation of seahorses, is not suitable for H. abdominalis from Wellington Harbour as it would appear to only protect small males that produce low numbers of juveniles. 相似文献
15.
Ye Dezan Ni Chunzhi Zhou Zongcheng Yao Ruimei Zeng Huoshui Lin Yanshun Liang Ziyuan Gu Jingyu 《海洋学报(英文版)》1995,14(2):247-259
ＢａｃｔｅｒｉａｌｋｉｎｅｔｉｃｓａｎｄｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｃａｐａｃｉｔｙｉｎｈｅＷｅｓｔｅｒｎＸｉａｍｅｎＨａｒｂｏｕｒ￥ＹｅＤｅｚａｎ；ＮｉＣｈｕｎｚｈｉ；ＺｈｏｕＺｏｎｇｃｈｅｎｇ；ＹａｏＲｕｉｍｅｉ；ＺｅｎｇＨｕｏｓｈｕｉ；ＬｉｎＹａ... 相似文献
16.
ABSTRACT Echinoderms play important ecological roles in the benthic community, but the processes that regulate their distribution are still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to describe the community structure in the shallow rocky reefs of the Wellington region of central New Zealand. Five sites from a harbour and an open coast were surveyed for adult echinoderm density and habitat composition. Additionally, artificial collectors were deployed to assess recruitment patterns. Five taxa were responsible for the assemblage variation within sites and their abundance was highly correlated with habitat composition. Patiriella regularis was highly abundant in all sites, while Coscinasterias muricata and Evechinus chloroticus were dominant in the Harbour. Echinoderm settlement showed interannual variations, as well as differences between locations. There was a significant pulse of C. muricata settlers, while ophiuroids were present in lower numbers but constantly during the studied period. E. chloroticus settlement was sporadic and the absence of a juvenile cohort in the open coast sites suggests that recruitment might not occur for up to 4 years. The present study provides insights on the echinoderm assemblage in the shallow rocky reefs of the Wellington region and contributes to a better understanding of recruitment patterns shaping population structure. 相似文献
17.
The nature of benthic biofilm was assessed in four streams in New Zealand, two flowing through native tussock grassland and two through exotic Pinus radiata forest. Components of the biofilm were described using epi‐fluorescent staining (DAPI) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of rock and wood substrata. DAPI and SEM analyses showed significantly more bacteria and fungi on rock and wood in tussock as opposed to pine streams. This emphasises the importance of the heterotrophic community even in systems which have abundant light available for primary production. The lack of a significant heterotrophic biofilm in pine streams was unexpected, and we speculate that chemical characteristics of the water may be responsible. 相似文献
18.
H. J. Cranfield 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):183-203
Settlement of Ostrea lutaria on sand‐cement‐plastered asbestos plates held in steel frames on the bottom of Foveaux Strait was studied from March 1965 to April 1967. Spat mortality over the period of plate exposure (about one month) was very low (maximum of 3 percent) and was greatest shortly after settlement. There was no evidence that mortality was due to predation. Essentially the same seasonal pattern of settlement was observed each year. Eighty to 90 percent of spat settled between mid December and mid February in both summers; settlement occurred as early as October; some was observed as late as July. Results of field experiments suggest some very tentative conclusions on the settlement behaviour of O. lutaria: (1) The larvae are benthopelagic and remain on the bottom in strong current conditions. (2) Light stimulates swimming of larvae in still water. (3) In still water and low light intensities of the area larvae tend to swim upward toward the light. (4) In still water and dim light of the area larvae settle predominantly on under surfaces. (5) In still water in the absence of light larvae settle predominantly on upper surfaces. (6) Under the conditions of current and light in the multiplate frames used to sample spatfall here, larvae settle mainly on upper surfaces. (7) Larvae tend to crawl up inclined surfaces before settling. The results indicate that larval behaviour may be changed by small alterations of light intensity and current. The contradictory nature of surface angle preferences found by other workers for various species of Ostrea and Crassostrea may have been due to such small variations caused by the experimental techniques. It is possible that the settlement behaviour of all species of these genera is similar. 相似文献
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J. D. Booth 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(3):407-440
The late stage larvae of five common mytilid bivalves (Mollusca: Pelecypoda: Mytilacea) are described and provisionally identified as Mytilus edulis aoteanus, Modiolus areolatus, Perna canaliculus, Xenostrobus pulex, and Modiolarca impacta. All are readily distinguishable on the basis of larval shell features, including hinge structure. However, one common species, Aulacomya maoriana, was not discerned, and thus the identifications must remain tentative. The larvae were recovered from plankton samples from Bay of Islands (35° 15’ S, 174° 10’ E), Wellington Harbour (41° 16’ S, 174° 51’ E), and Raumati Beach (40° 56’ S, 174° 58’ E), New Zealand, during 1970–72. Their seasonal occurrences in the plankton are described and related to the condition index of the adults as far as possible. 相似文献