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1.
在近岸缓坡浅水海岸,波浪破碎产生沿岸流是近岸海域流场的重要组成部分,它对污染物输移扩散规律的影响重大,在高阶近似抛物化缓坡方程求解大面积波浪场基础上,建立了波浪作用下污染物输移扩散数学模型.计算结果与不同坡度均匀斜坡地形上具有不同波高、周期的规则波及不规则波浪作用下污染物输移扩散实验结果进行了比较,分析了各种因素对波浪作用下沿岸流分布规律影响,所得结论认为地形坡度及入射波高对污染物输移扩散的影响较大,波浪作用将使缓坡海滩上污染物的输移扩散平行岸线方向. 相似文献
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为了解莱州湾在不同方向风作用下水动力和水交换状况,基于实测数据验证的海洋水动力模型Mike21FM对流场和余流场进行了数值模拟。水动力研究结果表明,风对莱州湾海流的影响不如余流明显。通过示踪剂输移扩散的水交换模型计算结果可知,不同风向对莱州湾不同海域水交换改善也不相同:E向风对东部海域水交换改善明显;N向风对西部海域水交换改善明显;W向风对整个莱州湾水交换能力改善最好;S向风对水交换能力改善最差。研究表明不但是污染源决定了污染物浓度的分布状况,水文气象条件也对污染物浓度分布有影响,应充分认识到不同水文气象条件对水体污染物分布的影响。 相似文献
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基于遥感反演的莱州湾悬沙分布及其沉积动力分析 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
选用1986-2004年不同时期的LandsatTM/ETM+影像,利用2004年黄河口附近实测数据推导的表层悬浮泥沙浓度反演模型,结合水文气象资料、多年水深数据和极端天气数模结果,研究了莱州湾西南近岸海域表层悬浮泥沙分布特征,结果表明,受黄河丰枯水期的影响,莱州湾西南部海域悬浮泥沙高浓度区主要分布于黄河口附近海域和西南沿岸,其枯水期的覆盖范围一般大于丰水期的。受潮流高流速场控制,黄河口外悬沙浓度高值区与海底泥沙堆积区对应较好,泥沙主要来源于陆源输沙和泥沙再悬浮;在西南近岸浅海区悬沙浓度高值区主要形成于泥沙的再悬浮,在近岸出现轻微冲刷。风等其他海洋动力因素,一般情况下对悬浮泥沙扩散的程度和范围具有一定的影响作用,但悬沙受潮流场影响而形成的总体扩散趋势未发生改变;极端条件下,风暴潮流使莱州湾西南部近岸浅海区的悬浮泥沙浓度显著增加。 相似文献
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苏北近海水动力场及污水稀释扩散的模拟 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
针对苏北辐射沙洲海域,通过数值计算,模拟了其水动力场;并利用实测数据对模拟结果进行了验证,分别就大、小潮情况下的流速、潮位及潮流变化特征进行了分析研究.在潮流场基础上结合苏北辐射沙洲附近海域污水排放情况进一步模拟了陆源排放污水的稀释扩散场,分别就两种典型污水排放量下污染物的稀释扩散范围及污水扩散场作了比较分析.结果表明,正交曲线网格能较好地拟合岸线,利用ADI法离散求解正交曲线坐标系下的控制方程,能够有效地对苏北辐射沙洲水动力场进行模拟;受太平洋前进潮波与黄海驻潮波的影响,苏北辐射沙洲岸外南向近岸流和长江冲淡水入海后形成的北上近岸流在弶港交汇,其水动力场以弶港为中心辐聚辐散,形成向外逸散的放射状150°扇面;涨潮平均流速略大于落潮平均流速,落潮流历时略大于涨潮流历时,形成辐射状定向往复流.利用水动力场基础上建立的污染物输运模型模拟污水的稀释、扩散场等值线分布,并计算污染物的稀释情况.在规划的3 000 m3/h污水排放量下,涨潮阶段,排污口A附近污水沿大丰港附近的深槽稀释扩散,排污口C附近污水自N、NE、E和SE方向扩散,污水稀释度等值线向外海有一定的扩展,但相对不明显;落潮阶段,在苏北南向近岸流和长江冲淡水入海后形成的北上近岸流作用下,包络线向北及向东突起,污水稀释度等值线在落潮过程中达到最大.在规划的5 400 m3/h污水排放量下,排污口附近的稀释度等值线范围明显增大,其中排污口A和B附近稀释度等值线相互包络,落憩时刻污水稀释包络范围达到最大.在小潮过程,污水稀释扩散情况和大潮的潮周期过程较为相似,由于潮流较弱,稀释度范围相对小于大潮情况,各阶段的污水扩散范围变化较大潮时小.苏北近海海域内潮汐强、潮差大,潮间带广阔,排污口附近海域的水动力场对污水有较强的稀释、扩散作用.利用苏北海域的水动力条件及物质输运规律科学地排入污水,充分发挥其自净能力,既可改善海域内水污染状况,促进当地经济的发展,又可节省相应的污水治理费用.因此,探讨该海域的水动力变化特征及污水稀释扩散规律是必要的. 相似文献
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波浪作用下渤海湾近岸海域污染物的输移扩散规律 总被引：10，自引：3，他引：10
用物理模型实验和数学模型计算相结合的方法，研究了均匀缓坡岸滩上，规则波及不规则波浪作用下形成的沿岸流及其对岸边排放污染物输移扩散的影响。针对渤海湾的地形和主要波浪方向，研究了渤海湾主要排污口附近单纯波浪以及波浪、潮流共同作用下近岸海域内流动速度分布与相应污染物输移扩散规律。结果表明，在渤海湾近岸海域(一定范围内)，污染物输移扩散受到波浪作用的影响，表现为平行岸线方向。波浪作用使得远离污染物排放口的滩涂受污染的影响增大。 相似文献
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南黄海西北部夏季潮锋的观测和分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
根据2001-2004年逐年6月多学科综合调查资料和同期NASA的MODIS/Terra卫星遥感SST资料,对南黄海西北部夏季潮锋的不连续分布现象做了分析;并通过三维潮流数值模式计算Simpson-Hunter参数(以下简称S-H参数)分布,对不连续分布的形成机制做了讨论.层化季节南黄海西北部的苏北浅滩-海州湾外侧和山东半岛东部的成山头-石岛外海存在显著潮锋现象,而在两海域之间、青岛以东的山东半岛南部121°~122°E的近岸海域无显著潮锋持续存在;较高分辨率的潮流数值模拟的结果表明潮锋的不连续性分布主要是由潮混合和地形的共同作用而形成.潮锋不连续处海域潮混合较弱,层化现象更为显著.南黄海西北部底层锋形态较为显著,位于通过潮流模式计算的Simpson-Hunter参数1.8~2.4之间,与2.2等值线分布较为一致;表层锋则在海州湾外侧和石岛沿岸海域较为明显.潮锋不连续的分布特征对该海域的生态环境造成一定的影响,叶绿素a、中华哲水蚤、鳀鱼卵子等的数量分布都在潮锋显著的苏北浅滩-海州湾外侧和成山头-石岛外海海域形成较为密集的分布. 相似文献
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2012年 10号台风“达维”是历史上登陆长江以北的最强台风。以 NCEP 风场和 J el es ni ans ki经验模型构造台风风
场,利用波浪谱模型 SW AN 对“达维”影响期间江苏海域台风浪进行数值模拟,模拟结果和实测结果吻合较好。在利用实
测风、波浪资料验证的基础上分析江苏海域台风浪的时空分布特征。“达维”影响期间,测风塔 100 m 高度实测最大风速为
42. 2 m/ s ,实测最大波高为 6. 17 m。数值模式结果显示江苏外海有效波高最大值超过 9 m,台风移向的中心右侧风速和有效
波高均较大,波向基本与风向一致;在台风移向的中心左侧一般风速较小,风速和有效波高也均比右侧小,波向与风向不一
致。在近岸台风浪要素受地形影响较大,与外海特点不同。 相似文献
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淤泥质岸滩侵蚀堆积动力机制及剖面模式──以连云港地区淤泥质海岸为例Ⅰ.波浪和潮流 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：12
本文以江苏北部连云港地区(北起海州湾湾顶,南至废黄河口)同时存在的侵蚀和堆积两种淤泥质岸滩类型为研究对象,对近岸波浪和潮流的作用特征进行了定量的分析,给出了近岸波浪的分布特征,建立了两种岸滩上波浪的衰减模式,得到了波浪和潮流底切力在不同岸滩上的时空分布规律.由此指出在侵蚀型岸段,波浪是岸滩侵蚀的主要动力因子,潮流主要起运移扩散泥沙的作用;在堆积型岸段,潮流则是岸滩塑造的主要动力,波浪作用退居次要地位. 相似文献
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The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ～200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ～380 km from the coast at a depth of ～250 m above the sea level. 相似文献
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We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances
using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium
partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and
in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority
accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative
abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability. 相似文献
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We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the
Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of
rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the
transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic
regime of the sea.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
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V. A. Ivanov S. P. Lyubartseva N. Mikhailova N. B. Shapiro 《Physical Oceanography》2001,11(6):509-524
We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an
ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics
is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of
a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic
elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as
a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water
area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the
shelf zone and open sea.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
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Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m3 from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m3 on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area. 相似文献
16.
Relationship between the path of the Kuroshio in the south of Japan and the path of the Kuroshio Extension in the east 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry
dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly
goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with
the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then
passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state. 相似文献
17.
I. E. Timchenko A. A. Primalenny V. D. Yarin E. F. Vasechkina E. M. Igumnova 《Physical Oceanography》2001,11(4):367-378
We use many-year archival observations of hydrologic and hydrobiologic state of the Sea of Azov for the identification of
the structure of a model of its ecosystem. The ecosystem model, supplemented with expert estimates of bioresource consumption
(fish reserve), contamination level, and possible ecologic fines for violation of the sea natural state, is formalized by
the method of system dynamics. Hereat, the major part of influence functions is found in terms of observational data with
application of self-organization algorithms. We also present the results of simulated experiments with the model of the ecosystem,
which enable us to analyse scenarios of its behaviour under the influence of various external factors (wind, river discharge,
water exchange with the Black Sea, etc.).
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
18.
I. G. Ostrovskaya 《Physical Oceanography》1992,3(5):397-403
Three mathematical models are considered: a two-dimensional model for calculating the concentration fields of the ecosystem components on the shelf of the Republic of Guinea, a pointwise model for the annual variation of the components, and a two predators-prey model. These models are used to study the effect of hydrodynamic conditions on the state of the shelf ecosystem and for research into the causes which distort the balance between marketable and unmarketable fish.Translated by Mikhail M. Trufanov. 相似文献
19.
Al. A. Shreider 《Oceanology》2007,47(1):91-103
The first data on the temporal evolution of the slope of the buried depression of the Black Sea are obtained. The sharp change in the rate of the decrease in the slope steepness that occurred in the Late Miocene-Pliocene time reflects a reorientation of the vector of mutual movement and a related intensification of the collision between the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates. 相似文献
20.
The study of the sedimentary body of the Bransfield Strait has made it possible to identify several sedimentary complexes, to construct the first electronic charts for the acoustic basement, and to establish four stages of the evolution of its floor, which updates the previous knowledge about the formation of the strait. At the first stage, there was an increase in tension stresses that were accompanied by the local splits of the continental crust at the periphery of the Antarctic Peninsula. At the second stage, a graben-like structure filled with the Lower stratigraphic complex was formed northward of the Antarctic Peninsula. At the third stage, the continuing processes of extension led to intensive explosive activity of the growing volcanic structures and filling of the graben with sediments of the Middle seismostratigraphic complex. The fourth stage, which has continued until recently, is characterized by quasi-linear localization of the major centers of volcanic activity in the band closer to the South-Shetland Islands and the formation of the Upper seismostratigraphic sedimentary complex. The evolution of the floor of the Bransfield Strait reflects the process of penetration of the American-Antarctic ridge to the continental lithosphere of the Antarctic Peninsula for the last million years. 相似文献