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1.
应用丰度生物量比较法监测海洋污染对底栖生物群落的影响 总被引：8，自引：5，他引：8
应用生物丰度生物量比较法,分析了厦门西部港水域底栖生物群落结构的变化,且将该方法与种内个体对数正态分布做了比较.结果表明,该水域已受到不同程度的污染,底栖生物群落结构受到一定的扰动.在筼筜湖排污口和宝珠屿一带水域,底栖生物群落的丰度生物量复合K优势度曲线相互交叉、相互重叠,所反应的情形与种内个体对数正态分布极为吻合.该水域底栖生物群落不稳定的根本原因在于人为的污染,即填海筑堤造成的海洋生境的扰动和工业污水废物倾倒排放所产生的有机质压力. 相似文献
2.
2OO2年冬季象山港大型底栖生物生态分布特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据拟建的浙江宁海电厂环境评价项目的要求,于2002年冬季对象山港水域大型底栖生物进行了调查,共发现大型底栖生物43种,其中多毛类的种类最多,其次是软体动物和棘皮动物,分别占总种数的44%、26%和21%,全区总平均生物量为103.32g/m2,总平均栖息密度为123个/m2。通过种类相似性聚类和数值多维尺度的分析得出,该区大型底栖生物可划分为5个群落: 为翅状索沙蚕-寡鳃卷吻沙蚕-奇异稚齿虫群落; 为纵肋织纹螺-缩头节节虫群落; 为高骨片沙鸡头-菲律宾蛤仔-凸镜蛤群落; 为棘刺锚参群落; 为洼颚倍棘蛇尾-纵肋织纹螺-黄短口螺群落。群落间的种类和数量呈明显差异。同时,还对影响底栖生物分布的环境因子进行了分析。 相似文献
3.
为探究莱州湾和牟平近海小型底栖生物群落组成及影响因子,作者于2016年7月在这两个海域采集了沉积物样品,并结合沉积环境因子进行了小型底栖生物群落组成分析。结果表明,在莱州湾和牟平近海各仅检获了7个小型底栖生物类群,且莱州湾的小型底栖生物平均丰度和生物量均明显低于牟平近岸海域。莱州湾线虫和桡足类平均丰度分别占小型底栖生物的91.9%和6.3%,牟平近海分别占92.1%和4.2%。对两个海域小型底栖生物群落组成与环境因子进行Pearson相关性分析,结果显示:小型底栖生物丰度与底层水溶解氧含量呈显著正相关;表层小型底栖生物丰度比与沉积物中叶绿素a含量、脱镁叶绿素含量、沉积物有机质含量以及水深呈显著正相关,与中值粒径和底层水温度呈显著负相关。本研究显示,基于不同沉积物类型中的参考比值,线虫和桡足类丰度比值(N/C)可用于莱州湾和牟平近海沉积环境有机污染状况的评估。研究还发现,牟平海域的小型底栖生物丰度和生物量呈现由近岸向外海增加的异常趋势,且小型底栖生物的数量和类群多样性较十年前显著降低,显示沉积环境受到了明显干扰。 相似文献
4.
依据2019年8月份莱州湾表层沉积物及大型底栖生物资料,分析了沉积物粒度分布特征及对底栖生物群落分布的影响。结果显示,莱州湾沉积物分为砂质粉砂、粉砂、粉砂质砂和砂4种类型,以砂质粉砂为主,中值粒径平均58.96μm;共采集大型底栖生物7门113种,主要种类为环节动物和软体动物。不同粒度的沉积物中大型底栖生物种类、密度、生物量、生物多样性指数均存在明显差异,砂质粉砂沉积物中大型底栖生物种类最多,砂质沉积物中最少。不同粒度沉积物中底栖生物密度依次为粉砂质砂砂质粉砂砂粉砂,生物量依次为粉砂质砂粉砂砂砂质粉砂。砂质粉砂和粉砂质砂沉积物更适宜环节动物和软体动物生存,沉积物粒径过大或过小均不利于大型底栖生物栖息。环节动物和节肢动物更适宜在砂质粉砂中生存,软体动物更适宜在砂质粉砂和粉砂质砂中生存,棘皮动物更适宜在砂质粉砂和粉砂质砂中生存,纽形动物更适宜在粉砂中生存。 相似文献
5.
灵山岛浅海岩礁区底栖生物的群落特点 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
浅海岩礁环境系高生产力区,在中、高纬度海域中,由大型海藻和大叶藻(Zosteramarina)所构成的初级生产力常为浮游植物初级生产力的数倍(Miller et al.,1971)。同时,此种环境又是以大型藻类或有机碎屑为食物的珍贵海产品鲍鱼(Haliotis)、刺参(Stichopus)、海胆(Strongylocentrotus)等的栖息场所和采捕作业区;还是一些优质鱼类星鳗( Astroconger myriaster)、鲈(Lateolobrax japonicus)等的藏匿场所和游钓渔业的渔场;重要经济藻类石花菜(Gelidium)等也在此环境中定着、生长。所以,浅海岩礁的资源开发前景很好。为了促进上述珍贵海产品的增、养殖生产和发展游钓渔业,有必要对浅海岩礁底栖生物群落的结构、功能进行系统研究,以便为岩礁区的资源开发和海岸带环境保护提供科学依据。为此,中科院海洋研究所在1987年初步调查的基础上,1992年以灵山岛为点,对水下岩礁环境和生物群落进行了系统的调查。本文主要分析浅海岩礁底栖生物的群落特点。 相似文献
6.
海草床是海岸带最富生产力的生态系统之一，支撑着各种各样的伴生生物。热带的印度和太平洋地区被认为拥有海草植物种类多样性最高，且分布面积最广，然而，这个区域的海草床大型底栖生物我们知之甚少。为了填补认知的空白，我们在该区域开展了一项生态调查，旨在描述该区热带海草床大型底栖生物的丰度和多样性，以及确定大型底栖生物丰度、物种丰富度和群落结构是否明显存在断面内的站间变化和样地间变化。2014年5月和2015年10月我们分别在北苏拉威西省东海岸和西海岸开展野外工作，使用柱状取样器采集海草床大型底栖生物样品。所得样品共计鉴定14大类149种底栖生物，种类最为丰富的类别为多毛类（56种，占26%的总个体数），十足类（20种，占9%的总个体数）和端足类（18种，占35%的总个体数）。东、西海岸海草床大型底栖生物表现出不同的空间分布模式。在东海岸，同一断面的大型底栖生物和端足类的丰度存在显著的站间差异；而在西海岸，大型底栖生物和多毛类的种类丰富度和丰度都表现出明显的站间变化，这可能归结于同一断面底质不均所造成。单因素ANOSIM以及MDS排序表明了北苏拉威西省东海岸和西海岸海草床大型底栖生物群落结构存在显著不同，正好对应于将海草床分成两大类型的栖息地，即西海岸的红树林-海草床-珊瑚连续体和东海岸的海草床-珊瑚连续体。与在热带海区开展的其他研究相比，本研究的大型底栖生物丰度和多样性处于中等水平。东、西海岸海草床大型底栖生物群落存在显著区别，其原因可能源于多方面，包括了沉积物模式，海草床结构和时间变化。 相似文献
7.
8.
西北太平洋深海小型底栖生物群落结构与分布特点初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
小型底栖生物是海洋底栖环境中数量最占优势的类群,但对于其在深海中的类群构成及分布特点还所知甚少。本研究对西北太平洋深海平原的小型底栖生物的主要类群组成及其分布特点进行了解析,并与相邻海域的小型底栖生物群落结构进行了比较分析。调查海域的水深为4080—6066m,共检获14个小型底栖生物主要类群,小型底栖生物的平均丰度和生物量分别为150.8ind./10cm2和100.3μg dwt/10cm2,其中线虫的平均丰度占93.6%。小型底栖生物总体上呈现沿西北至东南方向数量高,该分布趋势与黑潮延伸体影响区域基本吻合,而在黑潮延伸区两侧数量低。绝大多数小型底栖生物分布于沉积物的0—4cm分层, 4—6cm层的小型底栖生物仅占总数的不到10%。本研究中小型底栖生物丰度和生物量均低于相邻深海及冲绳海槽与南海北部深海区的研究结果。小型底栖生物各类群丰度与环境因子的相关性分析显示,小型底栖生物群落组成与沉积物叶绿素a含量和中值粒径显著正相关。生物环境分析(Biota-Environment, BIOENV)结果显示,与小型底栖生物类群结构相关性最高的环境因子组合为水深和沉积物脱镁叶绿素含量。 相似文献
9.
首次对浙北潮下带（０～－５ｍ）水域生物学调查表明：共鉴定底栖生物２２２种，隶属１０３科１７０属；该区生物数量较高（生物量为８０．８８ｇ／ｍ２，栖息密度为６５５个／ｍ２），以软体动物为主要类群；群落结构可划分为五个类型。底栖生物的分布与水域盐度、温度、底质性质、海湾屏蔽度有密切的关系。 相似文献
10.
底栖生物对沉积过程和沉积类型的影响有两个方面，一是导致颗粒沉积物的沉积、再悬浮，或导致其稳定、垂直混合和粒级分层；二是影响液体和溶解性矿物质同上覆水的交换。长江口外的东海大陆架区域辽阔(宽度超过500km)，包含着各种各样的沉积环境和生物。在31°－33°N之间的海域，低层水温的巨大梯度，形成一个介于亚热带和冷温带(或北温带)群落之间的极为明显的生物地理过渡带。沉积物从现代沉积中心的粘土到全新世海侵的残留砂皆有分布。
本文是1980和1981年中美东海沉积动力学联合调查的研究结果，简要地描述底栖生物的一般分布型，重点讨论沉积柱中大型底栖生物垂直分布的观测结果，并推断底栖生物在沉积过程中的作用。 相似文献
11.
The dynamics of benthic primary production and community respiration in a shallow oligotrophic, marine lagoon (Fællestrand, Denmark) was followed for 1·5 years. The shape of the annual primary production cycle was explained primarily by seasonal changes in temperature (r2 = 0·67-0·72) and daylength (r2 = 0·63), whereas temperature almost explained all variation in benthic community respiration (r2 = 0·83-0·87). On a daily basis the benthic system was autotrophic during spring and summer supplied by 'new' and 'regenerated' nitrogen and predominantly heterotrophic during fall and winter caused by light and nutrient limitation. The linear depth-relationship between porewater alkalinity and ammonium indicated that the C:N ratio of mineralized organic matter is low in spring and summer (3-6) and high in fall and winter (9-16). This is inversely related to net primary production and thus the input of labile, nitrogen-rich algal cells. Accordingly, mineralization occurred predominantly in the upper 2-5 cm of the sediment. The pool of reactive material (microalgal cells) was estimated to account for 12% of total organic carbon in the upper 3 cm, and had an average turnover time of less than 1 month in summer. Assimilation of organic carbon by benthic animals was equivalent to about 30% of the annual gross primary production. Grazing reduced chlorophyll a concentration in the sediment during summer and spring to values 30-40% lower than in winter, but maintained a 3-4 times higher specific microalgal productivity. The rapid turnover of organic carbon and nitrogen, and important role of benthic microalgae showed that the benthic community in this oligotrophic lagoon is of a very dynamic nature. 相似文献
12.
Because of the variable, unpredictable nature of many potential nutrient sources for coastal phytoplankton primary production needs in the north-western Gulf of Mexico, benthic regeneration was investigated as a more constant source of nutrients to this ecosystem. Water column ammonia profiles taken at several locations on the south Texas inner-shelf in the last seven years showed peak concentrations in bottom waters. Benthic chamber measurements verified the presence of ammonia fluxes at the mud-water interface in south Texas coastal waters. These fluxes were related to benthic faunal activity as measured by sediment metabolism. Laboratory experiments, designed to test the effect of benthic faunal removal on nutrient regeneration, suggested that the fauna play a role in regulating this process. How this regulation may occur is discussed. It was estimated that annual benthic regeneration rates can supply 69% of the nitrogen required to support phytoplankton primary production in these coastal waters. 相似文献
13.
The standing crop and primary production of benthic microalgae on tidal flats have seasonally been observed in the Sanggou and Jiaozhou Bays of the northern China coast during 1999 - 2000. The results show that the annual primary productions of benthic microalgae on tidal flats in the two bays are 2 532 and 7 542 tons carbon, which would be able to support 3.1 x 103 and 9.2 x 103 tons shellfish meat, respectively. The nature of sediment is essential for governing the biomass and primary production of benthic microalgae on tidal flats. The biomass and primary production of benthic microalgae on tidal flats with muddy sediments are higher than those with sandy sediments, which resulted from higher nutrient concentration and lower grazing pressure. That is the reason why in comparison with Xiangshan Bay the standing crop and production of benthic microalgae on tidal flats of the Sanggou and Jiaozhou Bays are low. Light was a key factor controlling vertical distribution of biomass and production of benthic 相似文献
14.
Aline Mign Dominique Davoult Jean-Jacques Bourrand Guy Boucher 《Journal of Sea Research》2005,53(4):223
In situ measurements of ammonium and carbon dioxide fluxes were performed using benthic chambers at the end of spring and the end of summer in two soft-bottom Abra alba communities of the western English Channel (North Brittany): the muddy sand community (5 m, about 10% of surface irradiance) and the fine-sand community (19 m, about 1% of surface irradiance). High rates of ammonium regeneration were measured in the two communities at the end of summer (296.03±40.07 and 201.7±62.74 μmolN m−2 h−1, respectively) as well as high respiration rates (2.60±0.94 and 2.23±0.59 mmolC m−2 h−1, respectively). Significant benthic gross primary production (up to 6.11 mmolC m−2 h−1) was measured in the muddy sand community but no benthic primary production was measured in the fine-sand community. It suggests that microphytobenthic production values used in simulations previously published for these two communities were overestimated while values of community respiration were underestimated. The study confirms that this benthic system is heterotrophic and strengthens the idea that an important pelagic-benthic coupling is required for the functioning in such coastal ecosystems. 相似文献
15.
Aline Migné Vincent Ouisse Cédric Hubas Dominique Davoult 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011
Intertidal soft-sediments biomass and metabolism are naturally heterogeneous in time and space at different scales. Particular perturbations such as freshwater seepages and seasonal proliferation of ephemeral macroalgae can intermittently and/or locally create additional variability in these systems. Since the impacts of such environmental stresses on natural processes are not well understood, the hypothesis that they would affect the functioning of the benthic system was tested. An intertidal bay whose structure and functioning has been previously described and where a carbon budget has been calculated, was chosen. The results showed that the metabolism of the intertidal sediments was greatly impacted by the above perturbations. Freshwater seepage increased meiofauna and microalgae biomasses and enhanced the total benthic metabolism (increasing community respiration and gross primary production until 4 and 2 fold respectively) without altering its seasonal trend. Ephemeral macroalgae proliferation had a more important effect on the total benthic metabolism, increasing community respiration and gross primary production 8 and 12 fold respectively and leading to a change in the seasonal trend. 相似文献
16.
Silva et al. propose a new method for quantifying benthic net community production (NCP) of tidal flats under submerged condition, based on the monitoring of water pCO2 in a transparent benthic chamber around high tide. I demonstrate here with theoretical considerations that this method is inappropriate for coastal environments, because it allows only the quantification of the change in the dissolved CO2 which, at classical seawater pH, is only ∼10% of the change of the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). Total Alkalinity and/or DIC must be measured at the beginning and end of incubations in order to compute NCP in coastal environments. However, I also demonstrate that when pH is below 7, more than 95% of the DIC change occurs in the CO2 pool. The method proposed by Silva et al. is thus valuable for freshwater environments with acidic, low alkalinity waters, where monitoring the water pCO2 in a vial or chamber provides alone a very close approximation of the planktonic or benthic net community production. 相似文献
17.
Akash Anandraj Renzo Perissinotto Christian Nozais Derek Stretch 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008,79(4):599-606
Mouth breaching is a recurrent event in temporarily open/closed estuaries (TOCEs). Such disturbances result in flushing and sediment scouring, reducing the microalgal biomass stock. The depletion of these microalgae may have negative repercussions in the form of depleted stocks of commercial fish, game fish, crustaceans and mollusks. The aim of this investigation was therefore: (1) to monitor the recovery of microalgal biomass and production following a breaching event; and (2) to determine the key environmental parameters influencing primary production during the open and recovery phases. Phytoplankton and benthic microalgal production was measured (14C-uptake method) successively during the closed, open and recovery phases of the Mdloti TOCE (South Africa). Upon breaching, 94–99% of microalgal biomass was washed out to sea through flushing and sediment scouring. A temporary recovery of phytoplankton and benthic microalgal biomass was observed during the open phase, but this was not sustained because of continual flushing and scouring of the sediment. During the re-closure (recovery phase), microalgal biomass immediately increased, reaching pre-breaching levels 35–40 days following the breaching event. In contrast to biomass, autochthonous pelagic primary production reached a maximum level (341 mg C m−2 h−1) during the open phase. Pelagic primary production normalized to biomass (PB) significantly increased during the open phase. This is attributed to a favorable combination of optimum light conditions, high influx of macronutrients and high water temperatures (33 °C). Similarly, benthic primary production normalized to biomass (PB) peaked during the open phase (35 mg C mg chl-a−1 h−1). Multivariate analysis showed that major variations in primary production were mainly controlled by temperature, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) to phosphorus (DIP) molar ratios (water-column and pore-water) and light extinction (Kd), all of which were regulated by the state of the mouth. 相似文献
18.
广西钦州湾大型底栖动物生态特征及其与沉积物环境的相关性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究钦州湾大型底栖动物的生态特征,探讨影响大型底栖动物分布的主要因素,于2011年5月在钦州湾进行大型底栖动物调查,并同步采集沉积物样品,进行理化性质分析。使用Surfer软件绘制各群落特征指数的平面分布图,用SPSS软件分析群落特征指数与沉积物环境因子之间的关联性。共采集到大型底栖动物种类55种。平均生物量为105.48 g/m2,平均密度为50ind/m2。香农-维纳指数(H')、种类均匀度指数(J')和丰富度指数(D)的平均值分别为1.44,0.63和0.64。群落特征指数与沉积物环境因子之间的相关性分析结果显示,密度与Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd,Cr,Hg以及有机碳呈显著负相关;种类数与所分析的10项沉积物环境因子之间均呈显著负相关;均匀度指数与Hg和有机碳呈显著负相关;丰富度指数与硫化物呈显著负相关;生物量和香农-威纳指数与沉积物各环境因子之间均没有显著的相关性。 相似文献
19.
Jacques Clavier Laurent Chauvaud Pascale Cuet Clémentine Esbelin Patrick Frouin Dorothée Taddei Gérard Thouzeau 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008
Oxygen and total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) fluxes at the water–sediment interface were measured using benthic chambers to assess the short-term variations of community respiration (CR) in the back reef sediments of Reunion Island (Indian Ocean). Benthic CR had a daily cycle of minimal (6:00 AM) and maximal values (6:00 PM), showing increases of oxygen and DIC fluxes of 2.8- and 3.8-fold, respectively. Average CR values were observed at midday and midnight. The evolution of fluxes was positively related to oxygen concentration in ambient water, but not to temperature changes. In the study area, high daytime primary production augments the amount of energy available for community metabolism and increases benthic respiration. The benthic communities are therefore subjected to short-term variable environmental conditions with oxygen supersaturation during the day, and moderately hypoxic conditions at the end of the night. 相似文献
20.
Akash Anandraj Renzo Perissinotto Christian Nozais 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2007,73(3-4):768-780
Temporarily open/closed estuaries (TOCEs) account for almost 71% of the total number of South African estuarine systems. To date the dynamics of microalgal production and biomass in TOCEs is poorly understood. A survey was therefore conducted in two TOCEs along the KwaZulu-Natal coast: the river-dominated Mdloti and the marine-dominated Mpenjati. The aims of this investigation were: (1) to compare the variability of benthic and pelagic microalgal production and biomass in these two contrasting systems; (2) to determine the key environmental parameters influencing primary production in these TOCEs. Results show a similar pattern of primary production and biomass in both estuaries. High benthic microalgal biomass with low primary production and low phytoplankton biomass with high rates of pelagic primary production were observed in both estuaries. Possible explanations for this include: (a) optimum light conditions in the water column, compared to the sediment surface; (b) high impact of grazing by zooplankton in the water column; and (c) settling of phytoplankton. Significant correlations were observed between primary production and environmental parameters (Kd, PAR, temperature, DIN and DIP), during the open and closed phases of both estuaries. A BIOENV (PRIMER) analysis showed that patterns of primary production in both estuaries were influenced primarily by interactions of multiple independent parameters. Comparisons between measured hourly pelagic primary production rates at the Mpenjati and Mdloti and the composite parameter (Pc) of Cole and Cloern (1987) revealed highly significant relationships (r2 = 0.8; p < 0.001) between these differently derived variables. 相似文献