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1.
1998年3月中旬至4月底,粤港两地发生大规模的赤潮,其始发点是深圳大鹏湾的南澳镇,爆发点是与之隔海相望的香港赤门海峡,后赤潮又沿着香港海域向西南方向蔓延,逐步扩展到广东省的万山、桂山,直至阳江市的阳东县海域。赤潮造成粤港两地损失鱼类700余吨,其中广东省损失350多吨,香港300多吨,直 相似文献
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文章通过收集《广东省海洋灾害公报》中2013—2022年的赤潮灾害数据,运用统计学方法对近10年广东省海域的赤潮灾害时空分布等基本特征进行综合分析,以期为赤潮灾害的预警、防治等工作提供参考依据。分析结果表明：时间分布上,近10年间广东省海域共发生赤潮95次,年平均9.5次,共发生面积3 624.76 km2,主要发生时间集中在1-4月,平均每次赤潮持续时间为8.8 d;空间分布上,赤潮发生次数最多的主要位于珠三角海域,赤潮面积发生最大的则位于粤西海域。引发赤潮的生物共有26种,其中硅藻门13种、甲藻门10种、定鞭藻门、黄藻门和原生动物门各1种,引发赤潮次数最多的是夜光藻和红色赤潮藻,引发赤潮面积最大的是球形棕囊藻,近年来引发赤潮的生物种类呈现多样化的趋势。 相似文献
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对2016年深圳大鹏湾海域红色赤潮藻(Akashiwo sanguinea)赤潮过程的浮标数据进行分析,赤潮期间叶绿素a最高达到123.0μg/L,DO和pH在赤潮期间显著升高,最高值分别达到19.78 mg/L和8.78;赤潮期间水温相对较低,变化范围为14.48~20.34℃。本次赤潮始发于盐田至大梅沙附近海域,并随潮流扩散至其他海域,前期水温升高对赤潮起到了促进作用,2016年2月营养盐(特别是氨氮)突然升高是本次赤潮的直接诱因。结合广东省近10年的赤潮发生情况,发现红色赤潮藻近几年已成为深圳及广东省海域的赤潮优势种。 相似文献
4.
赤潮发生和蔓延的动力机制数值模拟 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
海洋中发生的赤潮不是单纯的生物生态问题,而是在海洋动力环境条件控制下的生物生态问题.对4种情况进行数值模拟来证明动力条件对赤潮的发生、蔓延所起的重要作用.这4种情况是:(1)1998年春实际发生在香港海域的赤潮的生消全过程;(2)改变潮差后的赤潮生消全过程;(3)改变流场的扩散强度后的赤潮生消全过程;(4)通过工程措施改变海区的周边地形来控制赤潮的蔓延途径.这些模拟结果表明海洋的动力条件不仅对赤潮的蔓延发挥输运作用,而且对赤潮的形成有影响,在某些条件下它对赤潮的发生将起着决定性作用. 相似文献
5.
收集了1990年—2019年长江口及其邻近海域(120°30'E～123°30'E,29°00'N～32°30'N)记载的赤潮事件,基于GIS软件对所有赤潮事件进行整理,分析了赤潮的时空分布规律,并绘制长江口及邻近海域赤潮分布图.结果表明:近30年来,长江口及其邻近海域赤潮经历了先升高后下降的过程,赤潮次数共计144次,赤潮面积>1000 km2有28次.赤潮发生核心区集中在长江口外、花鸟山-嵊泗列岛、岱山岛-中街山列岛、舟山岛-朱家尖岛海域;长江口及邻近海域赤潮多发期为5—8月,5、6、7、8月发生的赤潮次数分别占总数的28.37％、34.75％、17.78和9.29％;东海原甲藻(Prorocenrum donghaiense)、中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)是长江口及其邻近海域最常见赤潮肇事种,发生次数分别为55次和40次,占统计总次数的38.19％和27.78％,2000年以来,东海原甲藻赤潮发生频率呈上升态势. 相似文献
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广东沿海赤潮与海洋水文气象关系研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
根据广东沿海发生赤潮的实测资料,重点分析了1997年10月至1998年5月广东沿海赤潮发生与海洋水文气象的关系.结果表明：棕襄藻（Phaecystis cf globosa Scherffel）和三宅裸甲藻（Gynmodiniu mmikimoloi）最大增殖速率的发生条件为：海水温度（以下均是日平均值）21.9℃～26.9℃.盐度26.68～32.01,气温22.9℃～27.1℃、风速0.2-4.3m/s、气压1 002.2～1 011.9hPa、相对湿度83%～94%.认为1997-1998年赤道太平洋上层海洋水温异常变化,导致1998年中国东南沿海水温和气温偏高,风速偏弱,盐度偏低,相对湿度偏高,气压偏低,容易发生赤潮;而降水量多少对1998年广东沿岸海域赤潮形成和发展也有重要影响.发现春夏季当海平气压和盐度出现下降趋势,气温、水温和相对湿度呈上升趋势,风速呈减弱趋势时容易发生赤潮,赤潮发生海域主要位于500 hPa图上的副高北沿,赤潮发生海域均位于槽前.在850hPa图上,华南地区则出现较强的切变线环流.地面天气图上,赤潮发生时在南岭附近有锋面系统存在,海面风速较弱,风向偏东. 相似文献
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长江口海域赤潮成因及其防治对策 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：13
对长江口海域的赤潮发生形势进行了系统总结与分析，探讨了长江口海域赤潮灾害的成因及其防治对策。长江口及邻近海域是我国赤朝高发区，自20世纪80年代以来赤潮发生越来越频繁，赤潮生物种类增加，2002年首次发生了有毒亚历山大藻(Alexandrium sp．)赤潮，赤潮危害程度在增大，这与长江口海域的环境和生物条件、河口最大军浊带、长江上游大型水利工程建设以及全球气候变化对长江口海域赤潮高发区的影响有直接关系，同时河口海域甲藻孢囊也是赤潮发生的种源。建议建立赤潮立体监测体系、赤潮信息管理系统、海产品赤潮毒素卫生检疫制度和赤潮应急响应机制，全面加强长江口海域的赤潮监控与防治工作。 相似文献
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1998年春季珠江口海域大规模赤潮原因生物的形态分类和生物学特征Ⅰ 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8
对1998年4月15日采集于广东珠江口万山群岛桂山岛网箱养殖区的赤潮活体水样和福尔马林固定样品进行优势种的形态分类和生物学特征的研究.结果发现,三宅裸甲藻(Gymnodinium mikimotoi)是此次赤潮的最优势种,最高密度达到7.6×106cells/L.另两种优势种为斯氏多沟藻(Polykrikos schwartzii)和螺旋螺沟藻(Gyrodinium spirale),其最高密度分别达到1.1×105cells/L和104-105cells/ L.此次赤潮的原因生物都属于裸甲藻类,死后或用福尔马林固定后细胞要么立即裂解,要么变形缩小.有些种类如螺旋螺沟藻在固定样品中找不到其踪迹,因而无法精确计数.本文描述的3种赤潮藻在细胞、色素体、核、上锥沟和链状群体等形态构造及外观上与国外学者所描述的几乎完全一致,只是细胞比日本海域产的稍小.这可能与珠江口海域纬度较日本低有关.电镜照片显示三宅裸甲藻有一明显的上锥沟,斯氏多沟藻则营养细胞和孢囊同时存在. 相似文献
11.
Vertical and horizontal distribution of meiofauna in mangrove sediments in Transkei, southern Africa
The depth-distribution profiles of meiofauna in four transects in the Mngazana River, Transkei were studied during summer 1980. Highest densities [±1000(100 cm3)−1] were encountered within the top 10 cm of the sediment. Nematodes dominated (80%) and the remainder was made up of ciliates, oligochaetes, gastrotrichs, and low numbers of polychaetes, copepods, kinorhynchs and various crustacean larvae. Among chemical parameters Eh correlated most consistantly with distribution, particularly at the lower tidal levels. Temperature and pH appeared to be of lesser importance. The maximum estimated depth of penetration was on average 72 cm at the HW levels; 32 at MW and 23 at LW. The mean dry biomass was estimated at 1073 mg m−2; 941 mg m−2 and 196 mg m−2 at these tidal levels respectively. The importance of preliminary studies designed to estimate the depth distribution of meiofauna is discussed. 相似文献
12.
Seasonal monitoring of the levels of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in two green macroalgae (Ulva and Enteromorpha) was carried out at 22 sampling sites in four embayments (rías) on the northwest coast of Spain. Sediments were also analysed to determine the concentrations of these elements as well as organic matter, organic carbon, iron and texture. In addition, accumulations of Ulva were monitored. Nitrogen levels in algae were similar to those found in comparable studies, whereas carbon concentrations were generally higher and those of phosphorus were lower. As a result the macroalgae were relatively enriched by carbon and nitrogen compared with phosphorus. Seasonal variations in algal tissue nitrogen and phosphorus followed the usual pattern for temperate zones, with minimum levels in summer and maximum levels in winter. Variations in carbon concentrations were much less accentuated. The low levels of P in the algae appear to indicate limitation by this element, however, comparison of the monthly changes in nitrogen and phosphorus in Ulva with the critical concentrations of these elements suggests dual nutrient limitation in this alga in summer. By contrast, the sediments were more enriched by phosphorus; high retention of this element by the sediment may explain the low levels in algae. The highest accumulations of Ulva occurred in spring and summer; hydrodynamic factors appeared to be important in determining the extent of these accumulations. 相似文献
13.
Spatial Heterogeneity in Distributions of Chlorophyll a Derivatives in the Subarctic North Pacific during Summer 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
The distribution of chlorophyll a derivatives was examined in samples collected from the subarctic North Pacific during July to September 1997. Pheophorbide a, pheophytin a and pyropheophorbide a as determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were the major derivatives recorded. The distribution patterns of chlorophyll a and its derivatives showed a strong vertical and horizontal heterogeneity. Patches with high concentration of derivatives seemed to be associated with high concentration of chlorophyll a. A clear east-west gradient was observed in both chlorophyll a and pheophorbide a integrated from the surface to 100 m depth with significantly higher amounts of both the pigments in the Western Subarctic Gyre and in the Bering Sea than in the Alaskan Gyre. In contrast, no apparent gradient was observed in the integrated pyropheophorbide a and pheophytin a. Grazing experiments conducted with the copepod (Neocalanus cristatus) and salp (Cyclosalpa bakeri) fed on five species of phytoplankton cultures, showed a marked difference in the composition of the derivatives in their fecal pellets. Pyropheophorbide a was dominant in the copepod fecal pellet regardless of the phytoplankton species fed on. In the salp, however, pheophytin a and pheophorbide a were found in the fecal pellets, the relative concentrations varying with the algal food. Spatial heterogeneity in the distribution of the derivatives is considered to reflect local variations in dominant herbivorous processes. 相似文献
14.
engrailed基因属于同源异形基因家族成员,在许多动物的分节、附肢发育、神经系统发育和贝壳形成过程中发挥作用。本研究克隆了长牡蛎两个engrailed同源基因,命名为cgi-eng1和cgi-eng2。序列分析表明,两个基因均具备典型engrailed基因保守的5个EH结构域。利用整装原位杂交技术检测了cgi-eng1和cgi-eng2在贝壳形成的关键时期早期D形幼虫时期的表达情况。结果显示,cgi-eng1和cgi-eng2 m RNA高表达于贝壳外缘,可能与早期贝壳形成过程有关。此外,两个基因的在贝壳外缘的表达模式亦有区别,提示两个基因的功能可能存在一定程度的分化。本研究首次系统鉴定了长牡蛎engrailed基因的成员,并发现它们可能均参与幼虫贝壳形成,研究结果有助于加深对贝类早期发育及贝壳形成的理解。 相似文献
15.
Eight ophiuroid species, six from the northern Kattegat-eastern Skagerrak and three from the northern Adriatic Sea, were examined for regeneration of arms. The species were separated into groups based upon mode of feeding and habitat. Comparison between groups collected in the northern Kattegat-eastern Skagerrak showed that infaunal suspension- and deposit-feeding species (Amphiura filiformis and A. chiajei) had significantly more scars per arm (mean number 0.78) than epibenthic suspension feeders (Ophiothrix fragilis and Ophiocomina nigra, 0.29) or epibenthic carnivores and deposit feeders (Ophiura ophiura and O. albida, 0.13). Spatial variation in arm regeneration incidence was found between sampling sites in the northern Kattegat-eastern Skagerrak for Amphiura filiformis and in the northern Adriatic Sea for Ophiothrix quinquemaculata. The ash-free dry weight (AFDW) and nitrogen (N) contents were measured in arms of six species of brittle-stars from the northern Kattegat-eastern Skagerrak. Differences between species were found, with highest concentrations of AFDW and N in Amphiura filiformis, intermediate in A. chiajei, Ophiocomina nigra and Ophiothrix fragilis, and lowest in Ophiura ophiura and O. albida. As the infaunal suspension- and deposit-feeding brittle-stars (Amphiura spp.) had the highest proportions of damaged arms and highest AFDW and N contents in their arms in this comparison, it is suggested that selective cropping of arms by demersal fish is the main cause of arm damage on Amphiura spp. in this area. 相似文献
16.
Resource partioning among the planktivorous stages of eight fish species occurring in a Mediterranean coastal lagoon was studied. Five species were migratory mullets that spawned in the sea (Liza ramada, L. aurata, L. saliens, Chelon labrosusandMugil cephalus), while the other three species were resident and spawned in the lagoon (Atherina boyeri, Cyprinus carpioandGambusia holbrooki).Mullet fry exhibited similar diets, based on the consumption of zooplanktonic Crustacea such as copepods and cladocerans, although adult chironomids were also important.Gambusia holbrookiandA. boyerifed on small prey such as copepod nauplii, copepodites and rotifers, whileC. carpioconsumed larger prey preferentially (cladocerans and copepods).According to the trophic overlap and niche width results, seven species pairs could be competing in the estuary, although further experimental evidence is still required. 相似文献
17.
为探究肿瘤易感基因101(简称TSG101)对斑节对虾(Penaeusmonodon)的免疫应答作用,了解在细菌刺激下斑节对虾的机体发生的变化机制,本研究以哈维弧菌(Vibrioharveyi)和金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcusaureus)为实验组,以磷酸缓冲液(PBS)为对照组,通过荧光定量分析展开对斑节对虾对菌刺激的免疫应答作用。结果显示,斑节对虾的TSG101在各组织中均有表达,在肝胰腺中的表达量最高。在金黄色葡萄球菌刺激下,斑节对虾的TSG101在肝胰腺中的表达量与对照组相比呈极显著上调(P0.01),第12小时的TSG101 mRNA的表达量达到最大(为对照组的21.60倍);在鳃中的表达量与对照组相比呈极显著上调(P0.01),第6小时斑节对虾TSG101的表达量达到最大值(为对照组的3.64倍)。在注射哈维弧菌第9小时,肝胰腺中的PmTSG101 mRNA表达量极显著上调(P0.01)且达到最大(为对照组的2.50倍)。实验结果初步表明,斑节TSG101参与斑节对虾的先天免疫反应,在金黄色葡萄球菌和哈维弧菌的刺激的情况下,该基因RNA水平的表达情况发生明显变化。 相似文献
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车轮虫是一类主要寄生于贝类和鱼类体表的缘毛类纤毛虫原生动物。本文对分别寄生于海洋贝类－－虾夷扇贝Mizuhopecten yessoensis，半咸水鱼类－－鲻鱼Mugil cephalus和双色鳗鲡Anguilla bicolor bicolor，以及淡水鱼类－－光唇鱼Acrossocheilus fasciatus鳃表和体表的虾夷扇贝车轮虫Trichodina pectenis，亚卓车轮虫T.jadranica，急尖车轮虫T.acuta和喙状车轮虫T.rostrata，进行了详细的分类学研究。本文第一次报道了虾夷扇贝车轮虫的活体和蛋白银染色后特征，该虫体也是国内新记录种。其它三个车轮虫物种感染的鱼类，均属新纪录宿主。同时，也报道了这四种车轮虫对宿主的感染率和感染强度。 相似文献
19.
The response of primary producer assemblages to mitigation measures to reduce eutrophication in a temperate estuary 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Mondego estuary is a well-described system located on the North Atlantic Ocean, where cultural eutrophication progressed over the last decades of the 20th century. Consequently, and due to a large productivity of Ulva spp., Zostera noltii meadows were severely reduced with a concomitant decrease in environmental quality. In 1998, experimental mitigation measures were implemented, via changes in hydrology to increase circulation and diversion of nutrient-rich freshwater inflow, to reverse the process in the most affected area of the estuary – its South arm.The objective of this study was to assess the differences in response of primary producer assemblages to the implemented measures to reduce eutrophication.Results show that the mean concentrations of DIN suffered a notorious decrease due to a significant reduction in the ammonium concentration in the water column, while DIP increased significantly. Primary producer assemblages showed different responses to these changes: phytoplankton, measured as concentration of chlorophyll a, did not show any significant changes; green macroalgae, mostly Ulva spp., suffered a large reduction in biomass, whereas Gracilaria gracilis and the macrophyte Zostera noltii biomasses increased greatly. Results show that phytoplankton biomass has remained constant and suggest that the reduction in ammonium could have been responsible for the changes in the green macroalgal biomass. Light was the most likely factor in the response of seagrass whereas red macroalgal reaction seemed to be dependent on both light and ammonium. 相似文献
20.
Kazushi Aranami Shuichi Watanabe Shizuo Tsunogai Masato Hayashi Ken Furuya Toshi Nagata 《Journal of Oceanography》2001,57(3):315-322
Dimethylsulfide (DMS), chlorophyll a (Chl-a), accessory pigments (fucoxanthin, peridinin and 19-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin), and bacterial production (BP) were measured in the surface layer (0–100 m) of the subarctic North Pacific, including the Bering Sea, during summer (14 July–5 September, 1997). In surface sewater, the concentrations of DMS and Chl-a varied widely from 1.3 to 13.2 nM (5.1 ± 3.0 nM, mean ± S.D., n = 48) and from 0.1 to 2.4 µg L–1 (0.6 ± 0.6 µg L–1, n = 24), respectively. In the subarctic North Pacific, DMS to Chl-a ratios (DMS/Chl-a) were higher on the eastern side than the western side (p < 0.0001). Below the euphotic zone, DMS/Chl-a ratios were law and the correlation between DMS and Chl-a was relatively strong (r
2 = 0.700, n = 27, p < 0.0001). In the euphotic zone, DMS/Chl-a ratios were higher and the correlation between DMS and Chl-a was weak (r
2 = 0.128, n = 50, p = 0.01). The wide variation in DMS/Chl-a ratios would be at least partially explained by the geographic variation in the taxonomic composition of phytoplankton, because of the negative correlation between DMS/Chl-a and fucoxanthin-to-Chl-a ratios (Fuc/Chl-a) (r
2 = 0.476, n = 26, p = 0.0001). Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between DMS and BP (r
2 = 0.380, n = 19, p = 0.005). This suggests that BP did not represent DMS and dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) removal by bacterial consumption but rather DMSP degradation to DMS by bacterial enzyme. 相似文献