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旧金山湾卤虫在同安盐田实验池中种群动态的初步分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
美国旧金山湾卤虫于1989年引入同安盐田实验池养殖,1989年10月至1990年3月池内人工养殖卤虫的结果表明,秋、冬两季实验池的水温变化不是影响卤虫种群数量变动的主要原因,卤水盐度的变化对卤虫幼体群体数量有较大的影响,饵料是影响卤虫种群变动的主要因子,使用花生渣饼磨浆后投喂卤虫比使用干鸡粪更有利于卤虫种群的增长。实验证实旧金山湾卤虫能在同安盐田安全越冬. 相似文献
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中国六个盐湖卤虫品系生物学特征的研究 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：15
本文对中国六个盐湖卤虫卵的孵化速率，卵、脱壳卵、无节幼体的生物学测定值，成体的形态及染色体倍性组成进行了研究。结果表明，运城盐湖、工农湖、杭锦旗盐湖卤虫为两性生殖类型，均为二倍体。艾比湖、巴里坤湖、尕海湖卤虫为阪雌生殖类型，除二倍体外还有四倍体，其中巴里坤湖卤虫还有五倍林。两性生殖卤虫间无生殖隔离现象。两性生殖卤虫与阪雌生殖卤虫在生物学特征的诸方面均存在较大差异。 相似文献
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卤虫是鱼、虾、蟹幼苗极为理想的天然饵料.随着水产育苗发展,卤虫及卤虫卵的需求量在不断增加[1].为了更好地开发、利用和保护卤虫资源,其生态学研究近20a以来受到了明显的重视,但具体研究偏重于实验种群方面,如环境因子(如温度、盐度、饵料等)对卤虫生长、存活、生殖特征(如性成熟速度、生殖方式、生殖力)的影响[2~10],而关于卤虫的自然种群研究较少,原因是进行卤虫的野外生态学研究有诸多困难,如卤虫繁殖速度快且次数多,世代之间有重叠:盐湖或盐池的水文特征经常发生剧烈变化[11,12],故迄今只有Petra[13]和Petra等[14]对Mono湖的Artemiamonica,Gene等[17]对法国Giraud的孤雌生殖卤虫的自然种群进行了系统研究. 相似文献
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蔡亚能 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1993,(2)
报导我国一株罕见雄体出现率特别高的孤雌生殖卤虫“海孤1号”(OP1)。其罕见雄体出现率高于以往报导的10～20倍。利用这株卤虫的罕见雄体与两性生殖卤虫(A.sinica)的雌体进行杂交实验获得成功。 相似文献
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从生物学测定、孵化质量、染色体倍性、繁殖方式等方面对产于新疆阿其克库勒湖和青海尕海两品系孤雌生殖卤虫(Artemia spp．)进行了对比研究。结果表明，阿其克库勒湖卤虫的生物学测定值明显高于青海尕海卤虫；两地卤虫加工卵的孵化率和孵化速率没有明显差异；尕海卤虫孵化效率高于阿其克库勒湖卤虫；两地卤虫的染色体倍性均以二倍体为主，其中阿其克库勒湖卤虫有三倍体存在，尕海卤虫有四倍体。两地卤虫的胚后发育速度相近。研究过程中未观察到阿其克库勒湖卤虫进行卵胎生。 相似文献
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对采自新疆鲸鱼湖卤虫 (Artemia sp.)、新疆艾比湖和青海尕海卤虫 (Artemiaparthenogenetica)的 3个品系的生物学进行了测定。研究了温度与孵化率之间的关系 ,以及盐度对鲸鱼湖卤虫孵化率的影响。观察了鲸鱼湖卤虫的染色体倍性组成。除壳厚外 ,鲸鱼湖卤虫卵的生物学测定值均大于另外 2品系卤虫 ;最佳孵化温度范围 :鲸鱼湖、艾比湖卤虫为 2 0℃ ,尕海卤虫为 2 5℃。鲸鱼湖卤虫卵的最佳孵化盐度范围是 2 8。鲸鱼湖卤虫为两性生殖 ,与孤雌生殖的艾比湖和尕海卤虫一样 ,染色体倍性组成为 2 n,染色体数为 2 n=4 2 相似文献
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用石蜡切片法观察了青海尕海(GH)、新疆阿其克库勒湖(AQK)、西藏(XZ,具体产地不明)、新疆鲸鱼湖(JYH)4个卤虫种群休眠胚胎所处的发育期,发现4个种群卤虫休胚胎均处于原肠期;通过压片染色法对4个卤虫种群休眠胚胎的细胞核计数显示,其胚胎细胞数分别为3441±164(GH),3412±171(AQK),3736±212(XZ),3861±155(JYH)个。 相似文献
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研究了拟穴青蟹（Scylla paramam osain）大眼幼体在不同饵料密度和组合条件下对卤虫（Ar-tem iasp.）无节幼体及成体的摄食率、摄食节律等,发现：光照-视觉因素对拟穴青蟹大眼幼体捕食卤虫无节幼体的数量无显著影响,但对捕食卤虫成体的影响显著（p〈0.05）.饵料密度较低（如卤虫无节幼体密度〈10 ind/cm3）时,饵料密度与拟穴青蟹大眼幼体摄食率呈正相关;饵料密度较高时饵料密度变化对拟穴青蟹大眼幼体摄食率的影响不显著（p〉0.05）.禁食后投饵,在高饵料密度（如卤虫无节幼体密度≥10 ind/cm3）下拟穴青蟹大眼幼体的摄食率在短时间（如4 h）较高,随供饵时间的延续摄食率开始下降,较长时间（24 h）摄食率显著较低.以干重计,拟穴青蟹大眼幼体对卤虫成体的摄食率全面高于对卤虫无节幼体;但混合投喂卤虫无节幼体和成体时拟穴青蟹大眼幼体摄食的卤虫成体数量较少,表明在卤虫无节幼体和成体同时存在的情况下拟穴青蟹大眼幼体倾向于放弃卤虫成体捕食无节幼体.拟穴青蟹大眼幼体的摄食行为受到被捕食风险和饵料斑块分布的显著影响.育苗生产中对拟穴青蟹大眼幼体投喂卤虫无节幼体的密度无需高于10 ind/cm3. 相似文献
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经济海藻繁育、养殖及综合利用是海洋农牧业及工业的重要组成部分。20世纪经过几代人的努力，我国在海带、紫菜、裙带菜及龙须菜的繁育、养殖关键技术等方面成功取得突破，为这些海藻的产业化提供坚实的保障，为我国成为世界海藻大国奠定了基础。海藻养殖产业为人们提供了食品、藻胶及其它丰富的产品，这包括保健品、功能食品、化妆品及药物等。海藻养殖产业也对人类经济、社会的发展起到重要作用，通过吸收环境中的二氧化碳、氮和磷，为海洋生态环境的改善发挥了重要作用。本文对我国海藻繁育、养殖及综合开发的历程进行简要回顾，对当前我国、中国科学院海洋研究海藻研究与应用进行了总结，对海藻研究发展的未来进行了展望；适应海藻产业从量向质的方向转变，同时兼顾生态环境效益，为我国海藻研发及应用提供参考。 相似文献
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为探究肿瘤易感基因101(简称TSG101)对斑节对虾(Penaeusmonodon)的免疫应答作用,了解在细菌刺激下斑节对虾的机体发生的变化机制,本研究以哈维弧菌(Vibrioharveyi)和金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcusaureus)为实验组,以磷酸缓冲液(PBS)为对照组,通过荧光定量分析展开对斑节对虾对菌刺激的免疫应答作用。结果显示,斑节对虾的TSG101在各组织中均有表达,在肝胰腺中的表达量最高。在金黄色葡萄球菌刺激下,斑节对虾的TSG101在肝胰腺中的表达量与对照组相比呈极显著上调(P0.01),第12小时的TSG101 mRNA的表达量达到最大(为对照组的21.60倍);在鳃中的表达量与对照组相比呈极显著上调(P0.01),第6小时斑节对虾TSG101的表达量达到最大值(为对照组的3.64倍)。在注射哈维弧菌第9小时,肝胰腺中的PmTSG101 mRNA表达量极显著上调(P0.01)且达到最大(为对照组的2.50倍)。实验结果初步表明,斑节TSG101参与斑节对虾的先天免疫反应,在金黄色葡萄球菌和哈维弧菌的刺激的情况下,该基因RNA水平的表达情况发生明显变化。 相似文献
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Eight ophiuroid species, six from the northern Kattegat-eastern Skagerrak and three from the northern Adriatic Sea, were examined for regeneration of arms. The species were separated into groups based upon mode of feeding and habitat. Comparison between groups collected in the northern Kattegat-eastern Skagerrak showed that infaunal suspension- and deposit-feeding species (Amphiura filiformis and A. chiajei) had significantly more scars per arm (mean number 0.78) than epibenthic suspension feeders (Ophiothrix fragilis and Ophiocomina nigra, 0.29) or epibenthic carnivores and deposit feeders (Ophiura ophiura and O. albida, 0.13). Spatial variation in arm regeneration incidence was found between sampling sites in the northern Kattegat-eastern Skagerrak for Amphiura filiformis and in the northern Adriatic Sea for Ophiothrix quinquemaculata. The ash-free dry weight (AFDW) and nitrogen (N) contents were measured in arms of six species of brittle-stars from the northern Kattegat-eastern Skagerrak. Differences between species were found, with highest concentrations of AFDW and N in Amphiura filiformis, intermediate in A. chiajei, Ophiocomina nigra and Ophiothrix fragilis, and lowest in Ophiura ophiura and O. albida. As the infaunal suspension- and deposit-feeding brittle-stars (Amphiura spp.) had the highest proportions of damaged arms and highest AFDW and N contents in their arms in this comparison, it is suggested that selective cropping of arms by demersal fish is the main cause of arm damage on Amphiura spp. in this area. 相似文献
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向水体中添加不同浓度的短小芽孢杆菌CGMCC1004（Bacillus pumilus）和胶红酵母菌CGMCC1013（Rhodotorula mucilaginosa）以研究凡纳滨对虾（Litoenaeus vapznamei）体长、体质量、存活率、胃蛋白酶、肝胰腺淀粉酶和肝胰腺脂肪酶的影响，以及需钠弧菌（Vibrio natriegens）的感染效果。结果表明：向水体中添加10^4CFU／mL短小芽孢杆菌能提高对虾体长、存活率，但结果不显著，但对体质量增长率具有显著提高作用；水体中添加10^4CFU／mL短小芽孢杆菌对提高需钠弧菌感染后对虾成活率有一定的提高作用；水体中添加10^4CFU／mL短小芽孢杆菌能显著提高胃蛋白酶活性，但是对肝胰腺淀粉酶活性有一定抑制作用；添加复合菌剂比添加单一菌种的作用要好；亦证明了向水体中添加细菌的方式对凡纳滨对虾的体长、体质量、存活率以及水质指标影响比较小，但是对消化酶具有一定的提高作用。 相似文献
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Four species in the genus Navicula were isolated using the serial dilution method. Based on scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and sequence comparisons of two segments of genes(small ribosomal subunit and large subunit of Rubisco), the species were identified as Navicula perminuta, N. pseudacceptata, N. vara, and N. rhynchocephala. Based on phylogenetic analysis and culture trials, there was a close relationship between N. perminuta and N. vara. Growth of these species was evaluated using measurements of optical density at 680 nm(OD680) under various environmental factors. Results showed that the optimum culture conditions were 25℃, 50–100 μmol photons m-2 s-1, pH 8.0, and salinities from 25 to 30. However, the favorable salinity for N. perminuta was surprisingly high at 35. Nutrient requirement analysis demonstrated that growth of Navicula depended on the availability of SiO32-. Their relative growth rates(RGR) peaked at the highest tested level(0.25 mmol/L). The optimal concentrations of NO3- and PO43- were 3.6 mmol/L and 0.18 mmol/L, respectively. Culture of these Navicula species for abalone or sea cucumber aquaculture should take these factors into consideration. 相似文献
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In order to trace their feeding habits, stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios (delta15N and delta13C), as well as trace metal concentrations (Zn, Cd, Fe, Cu, Se and Hg) were analysed in the tissues of five commercial shark species from the Celtic Sea: the tope shark Galeorhinus galeus, the black-mouthed catshark Galeus melastomus, the starry smooth hound Mustelus asterias, the spiny dogfish Squalus acanthias and the lesser-spotted dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula. Our results were compared to previously described stomach contents and isotopic composition of potential preys. Isotopic ratio delta15N suggested that tope sharks fed at a higher trophic level (16.7 per thousand in the muscle) than the other species, reflecting its piscivorous diet. The lower values of spiny dogfish (11.6 per thousand in the muscle) might be explained, amongst other things, by either its migratory behaviour or its preference for preys from lower trophic levels. Cd and Hg were correlated with isotopic ratios delta13C and delta15N, and were shown to be diet-related whereas Zn, Fe and Cu seemed much more linked to species-specific metabolism. Although this multidisciplinary approach is revealed as a useful tool for the study of shark ecology, the lack of known trophic fractionation suggests that isotopic data be compared to traditional diet analyses. 相似文献
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The aim of the present study was to investigate seasonal and spatial patterns of soil oxygen consumption, nitrification, denitrification and fluxes of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) in a tidal salt marsh of the Lagoon of Venice, Italy. In the salt marsh, intact soil cores including overlying water were collected monthly at high tide from April to October in salt marsh creeks and in areas covered by the dominant vegetation, Limonium serotinum. In May, cores were also collected in areas with vegetation dominated by Juncus maritimus and Halimione portulacoides. In laboratory incubations at in situ temperature in the dark, flux rates of oxygen and DIN were monitored in the overlying water of the intact cores. 15N-nitrate was added to the overlying water and nitrification and denitrification were measured using isotope-dilution and -pairing techniques. The results show that highest soil oxygen consumption coincided with the highest water temperature in June and July. The highest denitrification rates were recorded in spring and autumn coinciding with the highest nitrate concentrations. Soil oxygen consumption and nitrification rates differed between sampling sites, but denitrification rates were similar among the different vegetation types. The highest rates were recorded in areas covered with L. serotinum. Burrowing soil macrofauna enhanced oxygen consumption, nitrification and denitrification in April and May. The data presented in this study indicate high temporal as well as spatial variations in the flux of oxygen and DIN, and nitrogen transformations in the tidal salt marshes of the Venice lagoon during the growth season. The results identify the salt marshes of the Venice lagoon as being metabolically very active ecosystems with a high capacity to process nitrogen. 相似文献
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Vertical and horizontal distribution of meiofauna in mangrove sediments in Transkei, southern Africa
The depth-distribution profiles of meiofauna in four transects in the Mngazana River, Transkei were studied during summer 1980. Highest densities [±1000(100 cm3)−1] were encountered within the top 10 cm of the sediment. Nematodes dominated (80%) and the remainder was made up of ciliates, oligochaetes, gastrotrichs, and low numbers of polychaetes, copepods, kinorhynchs and various crustacean larvae. Among chemical parameters Eh correlated most consistantly with distribution, particularly at the lower tidal levels. Temperature and pH appeared to be of lesser importance. The maximum estimated depth of penetration was on average 72 cm at the HW levels; 32 at MW and 23 at LW. The mean dry biomass was estimated at 1073 mg m−2; 941 mg m−2 and 196 mg m−2 at these tidal levels respectively. The importance of preliminary studies designed to estimate the depth distribution of meiofauna is discussed. 相似文献