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僵鳗促长饲料养殖日本僵鳗及欧鳗的效果 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
将僵鳗促长饲料分别按１％￣２％比例添加于常规鳗鱼配合饲料中进行了养殖日本僵鳗及欧鳗试验。结果表明,饲料效率日本僵鳗添加组比对照组提高了３１％￣４０％;欧鳗添加组比对照组高出６８．９％￣２５０％。成活率日本僵鳗添加组高于或等于对照组;欧鳗添加组比对照组高出５２％￣６２％。养殖每公斤鳗的饲料成本,日本僵鳗添加组比对照组下降了１３％￣２０％,而欧鳗添加组比对照组下降了３６％￣５４％。证实了用僵鳗促长饲料 相似文献
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本文报道了国产α-淀粉与鱼粉亲和力的试验，以及使用国产a-淀粉与进口α-淀粉的饲料在欧鳗养殖中的对比试验.结果表明国产a-淀粉基本能满足鳗饲料生产对粘弹性的要求；而且，使用国产α-淀粉与进口a-淀粉的饲料，在饲料效率方面没有明显的差别. 相似文献
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本文论述引进欧鳗苗养殖的情况，总结养殖失败的原因及成功者的经验，然后用生态方法对欧鳗黑仔进行养殖。经过２个月养殖，死亡率仅０．１％，平均月增长２倍，饲料效率７５．６９％。 相似文献
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１９９５年分别在邵武欣隆绿色养殖有限公司养殖池和诏安桥东溪雅鳗场对规格１１０ｐ／ｋｇ、７２ｐ／ｋｇ、７２／ｐｋ的欧鳗用我公司开发的欧鳗专用饲料－“海马”牌黑仔７＾＃饲养７１ｄ与６７ｄ的试验。结果表明，投饵率为１．２％－１．８％；成活率为９９％；饵料效率在８２．１％－８４．５％之间。 相似文献
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欧鳗冬季饲料饲养试验报告 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本试验在平均水温１３．３℃的冬季低水温条件下进行,试验期间平均日投饵率为０．７３％,饲料效率达５０％左右。试验结果表明欧鳗在冬季低水温条件下养殖,通过加强饲料是可行的,从而进一步降低加温养殖成本。 相似文献
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研制欧鳗配合饲料是养鳗业之急需。经１９９４年饲喂试验结果饲料系数为１．０１，净增重６６．４％，初获成效。通过两年多在省内外５０多个鳗场推广使用，效果明显。 相似文献
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欧洲鳗鲡膨化颗粒饲料养殖试验 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
本实验用“海马”牌幼鳗膨化颗粒饲料和幼鳗粉状饲料进行了为期４９ｄ的欧洲鳗鲡养殖对比试验,结果表明,膨化颗粒饲料具有良好的适口性和较高的饲料效率（７０．８％）,可保证鳗于的正常摄食和生长,并能降低养殖用饲料成本,减轻对水质的污染,提高鳗鱼生长的均匀度。 相似文献
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本文初步概述饲养欧洲鳗鲡（Anguillaanguilla）的食性特征，对蛋白质的表现消化率和日粮蛋白质的需求量、驯饵、饲料形态、给饲率以及实用的欧鳗配合饲料。建议采用膨化颗粒饲料，制订欧级饲料实验方法和条件的规范。 相似文献
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It is generally believed that size grading in a fish farm improves the total biomass output, because it will minimise the stress imposed by larger individuals over small individuals, resulting in higher feed intake and growth rate. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of size grading on individual growth performance of yellow New Zealand shortfin eel (Anguilla australis). A 109 day trial was conducted in a recirculation aquaculture system (RAS) with 103 eels of similar initial weight (101 ± 12 g). All eels were individually marked by PIT (passive integrated transponder) tags. On day 42, eels were graded to establish the following groups: only small eels (S-graded ≤ 135 g), only large eels (L-graded > 135 g), and small and large eels together (S-ungraded and L-ungraded). The large eels showed better specific growth rate (SGR), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) than the small eels. Nevertheless, no significant differences were found either between L-graded and L-ungraded or between S-graded and S-ungraded. The age of eels was not significantly different between groups. These findings suggest that the individual growth rate performance of the eels is not primarily a consequence of social interaction among tank-mates. 相似文献
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一种新型复合生物制品对大菱鲆生长性能的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
将利用自主技术研发的一种新型复合生物制品作为添加剂添加到大菱鲆的基础饲料中,探讨其对大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximusL.)生长性能的影响。在基础饲料中分别添加不同质量分数的复合生物制品,包括不添加(A组)、1.0%(B组)、2.5%(C组)、5.0%(D组)进行饲喂试验,分别从每组随机抽取鱼体,测定其生长指标和鱼体生化组成。研究发现,B组、C组和D组的试验鱼的成活率、增重率、特定生长率、体长和全长增长率、饲料利用率和肥满度等指标均不同程度地优于A组的;另外,与A组比较,B组、C组和D组鱼体的水分、粗蛋白质量分数有所提高,而粗脂肪、灰分含量小幅下降。结果表明,在大菱鲆生长的配合饲料中,复合生物制品各有效成分组合添加后优势互补,表现出优良的促生长和提高饲料利用率作用,还能够在一定程度上改善鱼体的营养成分和增强肌肉品质,适宜添加量为2.5%。 相似文献
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In order to examine the ecological risks caused by organotin compounds (OTs) in diadromous fish migrating between sea and freshwaters, tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPT) compounds and their breakdown products were determined in the catadromous eel Anguilla japonica, which has sea, estuarine and river life histories, collected in Japanese sea, brackish and freshwaters within the same region. Ontogenic changes in otolith strontium (Sr) and calcium (Ca) concentrations were examined along the life history transect to discriminate the migration type. There were generally three different patterns, which were categorized as ‘sea eels’, ‘estuarine eels’ and ‘river eels’ according to the otolith Sr:Ca ratio. The concentrations of TBT in silver eels (mature eels) were significantly higher than that in yellow eels (immature eels), and the percentages of TBT were also higher in silver eels than in yellow eels. A positive correlation was found between TBT concentration and the gonad-somatic index (GSI). It is thus considered that silver eels have a higher risk of contamination by TBT than yellow eels. TBT and TPT concentrations in sea eels were significantly higher than those in river eels, while no significant differences were observed in TBT and TPT concentrations in estuarine eels compared to sea and river eels. These results suggest that sea eels have a higher ecological risk of OT contamination than river eels during their life history, and the risk of OTs in estuarine eels is considered to be intermediate between that of sea and river eels. Positive linear relationships were found between Sr:Ca ratios and the concentrations of TBT and TPT. Therefore, these results suggest that the ecological risk of OTs increase as the sea residence period in the eel becomes longer. TBT and TPT concentrations in sea eels were significantly higher than those in river eels even at the same growth stage. Thus, it is clear that migratory type is the most important factor for OT accumulation during the life history. 相似文献
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European eel (Anguilla anguilla) recruitment is declining dramatically since the 1980s. Causes for this decline are explained by a combination of environmental changes basically affecting oceanic larval stages and a variety of anthropogenic impacts during the continental phase. Today, evidence is growing that poor silver eel quality has a major impact on reproductive success, implying that habitat quality plays a key role in stock decline. Since eels are frequently moving through a variety of different habitats during their life cycle, a better understanding of the implications of individual diadromous behaviour and habitat choice on spawner quality are crucial for management considerations for a stock recovery. The present study tested whether individual migratory behaviour and habitat choice of European eels affect spawner quality. Therefore, the migratory behaviour of 287 European eels from marine, brackish and freshwater stations in the North Sea, the Baltic Sea and from Northern German inland waters was examined by otolith strontium/calcium analysis. All individuals were classified either as freshwater residents, coastal residents, downstream shifters, upstream shifters or interhabitat shifters. As indicators for eel quality, muscle fat content, infection with the introduced swimbladder nematode Anguillicoloides crassus and body length at onset of spawning migration were assessed. Results indicate that individuals that exclusively inhabited freshwaters had significantly lower muscle fat contents and were more seriously infected with A. crassus than eels that never entered freshwaters. Since high fat contents are considered as prerequisites for a successful transoceanic spawning migration and high A. crassus loads have a negative impact on condition, this study outlines the importance of brackish waters as eel habitats in temperate latitudes. Furthermore, it questions the net benefit of stocking programs for the European eel population, since they include the translocation of eels from coastal waters into freshwaters. 相似文献
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《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(1):823-834
Six species of skates were trawled commonly on the continental shelf off the Southern Cape during routine surveys of demersal fish between 1986 and 1990. Raja miraletus is a small skate found principally in shallow (<50 m) water that feeds mainly on small crustaceans, such as mysids and macrurans. The large Raja alba occurs over most of the continental shelf, is a piscivore throughout its life and preys heavily on flatfish, especially Cynoglossus zanzibarensis. R. cf. clavata is ubiquitous on the shelf but most abundant between 50 and 150 m deep. Feeding predominantly on crustaceans, this skate switches from carids, penaeids and mysids when small to brachyurans and small benthic fish when larger. R. pullopunctata is found over a similar depth range but attains a much larger size. It eats small mysids and macrurans when small, but brachyurans and fish become more important in the diet with increasing size of the predator. R. wallacei is most commonly taken at depths of 80–>200 m, feeds initially on small crustaceans, but switches to fish, including eels, as it grows. The small Cruriraja parcomaculata is found at the edge of the continental shelf and over the upper slope; it preys on small crustaceans, including mysids, isopods and macrurans. The distribution pattern of the skates and their prey suggest overlap in prey taken, the overlap being greatest in those species which feed on crustaceans. The large biomass of skates in the area suggests that they are an important component of the demersal faunal assemblage of the continental shelf there, and also that they may have a significant impact on the benthic fauna. 相似文献
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Abstract The density and biomass of fish and crayfish, and the production of eels, was compared among streams in native forest, exotic forest, and pasture. Populations were estimated by multiple‐pass electroshocking at 11 sites in hill‐country streams in the Waikato region, North Island. Three sites were in native forest, four in exotic forest, and four in pasture. Length of stream sampled at each site was 46–94 m (41–246 m2 in area), and catchment areas up stream of the sites ranged from 0.44 to 2.01 km2. A total of 487 fish were caught. The species were longfinned and shortfinned eels, banded kokopu, Cran's and redfinned bullies, and common smelt. Eels were the most abundant fish in all three land‐use types, and shortfinned eels were more abundant at pastoral sites (mean density 1.11 fish m?2) than longfinned eels (mean density 0.129 fish m?2). Banded kokopu were present only at forested sites. Mean fish densities were greater at pastoral sites (1.55 fish m?2) than under either native forest (0.130 fish m?2) or exotic forest (0.229 fish m?2). Mean fish biomass was also greater at pastoral sites (89.7 g m?2) than under native forest (12.8 g m?2) or exotic forest (19.3 g m?2). Longfinned eels made a greater contribution to the fish biomass at all sites than did shortfinned eels. Densities of crayfish were high (0.46–5.40 crayfish m?2), but were not significantly different between land‐use types. Crayfish biomass ranged from 1.79 to 11.2 g m?2. Total eel production was greater at pastoral sites (mean 17.9 g m?2 year1) than at forest sites (mean 2.39 gm?2 year?1). 相似文献
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Influence of Velocity and Types of Beam Trawl Towing on Deep-Sea Demersal Fish and Decapod Crustacean Samples 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The sampling efficiency of two types of beam trawl towed at different velocities was compared when sampling deep-sea demersal
fish and decapod crustaceans. The trawls were a Sigsbee-Agassiz type of 2 m span, and an Oregon type of 3 m span. The different
hauls caught by the Oregon type beam trawl of 3 m span towed at 1.5 knot (3m 1.5 kt), the Oregon type towed at 0.8 knot (3m
0.8 kt) and the Sigsbee-Agassiz type towed at 1.5 knot (2m 1.5 kt) were compared by analysis of variance (ANOVA), the Tukey
test, cluster analysis based on Morisita-Horn index, and correspondence analysis. The minimum viable sample size was determined
by a randomization test. For demersal fish, the type of gear used had more influenced on the samples obtained than the towing
velocity. For decapod crustaceans, no significant difference was detected between different trawls towed at different velocities.
The common idea that if these types of trawl are towed at 1 knot or more, they cannot efficiently sample epifauna, but demersal
fish can be well sampled, should be abandoned. The samples of demersal fish caught by 3m 1.5 kt revealed the greatest consistency
and lowest variation than the others. We recommend using an Oregon type beam trawl of 3 m span towed at 1.5 knot as an ordinary
deep-sea sampling device. Only a single successful haul or a sample size of 52 individuals was sufficient for estimating demersal
fish diversity, but at least two successful hauls or a sample size of 54 individuals were needed for decapod crustaceans.
If possible, seven successful hauls or a sample size of 189 individuals of decapod crustaceans are recommended for community
study.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献