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黄海夏季水域沉降颗粒物垂直通量的研究 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：12
20 0 2年 8月 ,沿穿过黄海冷水团的青岛至济州岛断面 ,在 4个站位放置沉积物捕获器采集沉降颗粒物。镜检发现无机颗粒物、生物粪球以及混杂聚合体是本断面沉降颗粒物主要类型。测定结果显示沉降颗粒物中的颗粒有机碳 (POC)、颗粒有机氮 (PON)、颗粒碳 (PC)、颗粒氮 (PN)和颗粒磷 (PP)的百分含量均呈现从表层到底层逐渐下降的趋势。采用两个改进的模型对底层颗粒物再悬浮比率进行了计算 ,显示黄海海域夏季底层沉降颗粒物再悬浮比率为 90 %— 96%,表明底层沉降颗粒物主要来源于沉积物的再悬浮。两模型所得结果一致 ,证明用温跃层底部颗粒物沉降通量代表水体中颗粒物净沉降通量的假设是合理的。水体中颗粒物、POC及PON的净沉降通量 (±SE)分别为 ( 1 2 65± 3 5 5 )g/(m2 ·d)、( 0 2 9± 0 0 4 )g/(m2 ·d)和( 0 0 6± 0 0 1 )g/(m2 ·d)。 相似文献
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桑沟湾夏、秋季悬浮颗粒物的沉降通量及再悬浮的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用锚式悬挂沉积物捕捉器法,研究了我国北方重要海水养殖区域桑沟湾悬浮颗粒物沉降通量的分布特征,并通过金属Al标记法,同步测定了沉降颗粒物再悬浮比率。结果表明,桑沟湾的底层悬浮颗粒物(SPM)、颗粒有机碳(POC)、颗粒态总氮(PTN)和颗粒态总磷(PTP)平均表观沉降通量分别为1 511.4g/(m2·d)、20.01g/(m2·d)、1.497g/(m2·d)和0.474g/(m2·d),显著高于我国其他近岸海域,但底层沉降颗粒物再悬浮比率平均值高达92.8%,认为在养殖内湾,受再悬浮程度的影响,测得的底层表观沉降通量是中层的2.7倍,秋季明显大于夏季,海带和扇贝养殖区大于牡蛎养殖区。经再悬浮比率校正后的净沉降通量,仍存在着显著的空间和季节变化,但受控因素发生了根本转变;这主要表现为净沉降颗粒物质主要源于生物代谢活动强烈中上层水体,贝类的排泄作用使牡蛎和扇贝养殖区的净沉降通量显著大于海带养殖区,养殖贝类个体增大、排泄量增加使秋季净沉降通量高于夏季。在我国近岸海域,再悬浮作用的影响,会对该区域悬浮颗粒物沉降通量的估算带来巨大误差,因此该作用不容忽视。 相似文献
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运用时间序列的沉积物捕获器对海岸与陆架海域沉降颗粒物进行采集,估算沉降通量,并运用多学科综合研究手段分析沉降颗粒物的来源、组成、时空变化及控制因素,可以为海岸与陆架沉积动力过程的研究提供新的研究手段。福建罗源湾的实验表明,夏季罗源湾潮下带小潮至中潮期间的沉降通量为133.20~256.18g/(m2·t);由中潮向大潮变化期间单个潮周期的沉降通量明显增大,台风过后的大潮期间的沉降通量为373.99~590.51g/(m2·t);台风显著影响期间的沉降通量为746.34g/(m2·t);粒度分析及水动力观测结果显示,观测期间罗源湾潮下带沉降颗粒物主要来源于海底沉积物的再悬浮。台湾海峡西北部内陆架海域的实验研究表明,该海域近底部悬浮颗粒物沉降通量最大值为13.34g/(m2·d),由小潮向中潮沉降通量逐渐增大,这主要是由于近底部温盐跃层层位上移,近底部垂向混合作用增强,致使底部再悬浮沉积物向上扩散,并最终被沉积物捕获器捕获。沉积物捕获器可以接收到再悬浮沉积物,结合底部边界层过程的观测研究,可以深入认识海底沉积物的侵蚀、沉降及埋藏过程,在研究海岸与陆架区沉积动力学、泥质区沉积记录的形成过程与保存潜力中扮演着十分重要的角色。 相似文献
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234 Th示踪法测定北太平洋西北海域冬季真光层中颗粒态有机碳输出通量 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
讨论了1997年冬季在北太平洋西北海域7个站位的表层至200m水深水柱中溶解及颗粒态234Th,颗粒态有机碳(POC)、氮(PON)及叶绿素a浓度的垂直分布剖面.溶解态、颗粒态及总的234Th的放射性在真光层中显著低于母体238U的放射性,总的234Th放射性在水深大于100m时趋于平衡.利用234Th-238U在海洋表层海水中的放射性不平衡推导出了北太平洋西北海域冬季真光层海水中234Th的平均停留时间和输出通量以及颗粒态有机碳和有机氮的输出通量.在亚北极环流区溶解态234Th的停留时间为40~50d,而在黑潮-亲潮共同影响区为20d左右.颗粒态有机碳和有机氮从真光层的输出通量范围分别为3.8~8.2和0.50~0.98mmol/(m2·d),西部海区高于东部海区,南部海区高于北部海区.在黑潮-亲潮共同影响区较高的颗粒态有机碳输出通量表明光照量及陆源营养盐物质的提供是两个决定生产力的主要因素.叶绿素a的水深分布和POC/PON的值同Redfield的比值的一致性表明这个海区的冬季颗粒物主要由浮游植物构成.北太平洋西北海域在冬季的颗粒有机碳输出通量可高于世界大洋一些海区春、夏季的颗粒有机碳输出通量. 相似文献
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基于2012年7月对东海的调查,剖析了其水体中各形态碳(pCO2、DIC、DOC、POC)的区域分布特征,估算了海-气界面CO2的交换通量(FCO2),探讨了影响其交换的主要因素,在此基础上,结合历史资料初步分析了近十几年来该海域海-气界面CO2交换通量的变化趋势。结果表明,2012年7月长江口邻近海域相对南部陆架区具有较低的DIC浓度,而DOC与POC的浓度相对较高。调查区域表层水pCO2变化范围为96.28~577.7μatm(1atm为101 325Pa),平均值为297.6μatm,低值区出现在长江冲淡水区(30°~33°N,123°~125°E),高值区主要分布在东海陆架的南部区域。表层水pCO2主要受控于长江冲淡水的输入和混合(盐度)、台湾暖流以及生物生产等。调查海域2012年7月海-气FCO2平均为(-6.410±7.486)mmol/(m2·d),表现东海在夏季是大气CO2的汇区,区域碳汇强度由强到弱依次为:长江冲淡水区(CDW)、黄东海混合水区(YEMW)、陆架咸淡水混合区(SMW)、近岸上升流区(CUW)和台湾暖流区(TWCW),东海夏季每日吸收大气CO2(以C计)约(18.3±19.8)kt。结合历史资料分析发现,近十几年来东海夏季碳汇强度有增强趋势,CDW区的海-气界面CO2通量平均年增速为-0.814mmol/(m2·d),即海水吸收大气二氧化碳每年增加约54.6kt,是夏季东海碳汇增加的最主要贡献者。 相似文献
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三峡截流后长江口秋季TSM、POC和PN的分布特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
基于2004年11—12月长江口56个站位的悬浮体调查资料,分析了长江口区悬浮体总量(TSM)、颗粒有机碳(POC)和颗粒氮(PN)质量浓度的平面分布特征,探讨该区TSM及颗粒有机质的物质来源和三峡截流对长江三角洲的影响。结果表明,表、底层TSM与POC、PN质量浓度之间存在显著的正线性相关关系并都呈现出南高北低的格局,说明了长江悬浮颗粒物入海后主要沿东南方向输运。POC、PN质量分数与POC、PN的质量浓度不同,它们与TSM质量浓度对数有负相关关系。由于河口区底质再悬浮作用显著,TSM和POC、PN质量浓度呈现表层低、底层高的特点。长江口悬浮体主要来自长江径流和底质沉积物的再悬浮。与三峡截流前数据的对比表明,截流对目前长江口区的TSM和POC尚未造成明显的影响。 相似文献
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夏季黄东海颗粒有机碳的分布特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据2006年6～7月对黄东海大面调查的资料,分析研究了黄东海颗粒有机碳(particulate organic carbon,POC)的浓度和分布特征。结果表明,夏季黄东海POC的浓度范围是6.07～2 204.17μg.L-1,平均浓度为147.15μg.L-1。POC整体上呈现近岸浓度较高、远岸浓度较低,北部浓度较高,南部浓较低的分布特点;在长江口外及浙江近岸海区存在POC的高值区,特别是长江口外,表层和底层POC浓度很高,这主要是受到长江陆源输入的重要影响。在垂直分布上,南黄海区POC的浓度分布整体上呈现上层水体浓度较低,下层水体浓度较高的特点,这主要是受底质再悬浮的影响。而东海区呈现近岸POC浓度较高,离岸POC浓度较低的特点,这主要是受长江冲淡水输入的影响。 相似文献
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东海陆架典型断面颗粒态氨基酸的分布及控制因素分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
采用高效液相色谱法,通过现场调查对东海典型PN断面(文中为C断面)的颗粒态氨基酸(Particulate Amino Acids,PAA)进行了分析,并结合叶绿素a(Chla)、颗粒有机碳(POC)、颗粒有机氮(PON)及颗粒态氨基酸的构型特征(D和L型)等参数探讨了该区颗粒有机氮的来源和降解情况。结果表明,在长江口最大浑浊带,受咸淡水混合和生物现场生产双重作用影响,POC、PON以及PAA的总浓度均达到了极大值,其中,受再悬浮作用影响,底层水体中的有机物呈现高度降解的状态;近岸水华区域的颗粒态氨基酸则更多来源于现场生产,而且POC/Chla质量比值与降解因子DI值的负相关特征表明冲淡水向海洋输送的过程中,现场生产力对颗粒有机碳的贡献比重逐渐增大,悬浮颗粒物也变得越来越新鲜。值得关注的是,一些D型氨基酸[如D型天冬氨酸(D-Asp),D型丙氨酸(D-Ala)]与细菌生物量之间存在良好的正相关性,暗示颗粒态氨基酸在受到物理水团和生物现场生产作用控制的同时,还受控于微微型浮游生物以及异养细菌。 相似文献
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根据2004年夏季、2005年夏季和2006年夏季3个航次观测的颗粒有机碳(POC)数据,表层POC含量的分布表现出近岸高、远岸低的特点,表层和次表层POC含量的高值区出现在东山以东以及南澳附近上升流区。沿岸流较强的2005年和2006年航次具有相对丰富的总悬浮颗粒物(TSM)含量。浮游植物是该区POC的主要来源。各航次的POC含量与叶绿素a(Chl a)含量正相关,所有航次统计的Chl a/POC与Chl a呈正相关,上升流区Chl a/POC偏小,上升流较强的航次高Chl a区的Chl a/POC也偏小,反映了上升流与高营养转换效率浮游生物生态在空间和时间上的联系。根据Chl a/POC~Chl a关系图判断,台湾海峡南部海域1988年、1998年和2004年夏季航次的浮游生物营养转换效率受到相对抑制,而在上升流信号较强的2005年和2006年夏季航次,上升流区的浮游生物高营养转换效率状态得以强化。各航次的POC含量和Chl a/POC比值与TSM含量正相关,POC/TSM比值与TSM负相关,沿岸流带来的陆源悬浮颗粒物通量波动,并没明显干扰台湾海峡南部以海洋浮游生物生态主导的颗粒有机碳生物地球化学循环格局。 相似文献
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海洋有机质的光谱分析方法评述 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
海洋有机质的光谱分析已成为海洋碳循环的研究热点之一。本文从天然有机质吸收光谱和荧光光谱分析的基本原理入手,系统梳理了有机质光谱分析中容易被忽视的基本概念,讨论了过滤与保存方式、p H值、荧光内滤效应等对有机质光谱分析的影响。结合色氨酸、酪氨酸、腐殖酸及大量现场样品的实验结果,对吸收光谱和三维荧光光谱的不同解析方法进行了系统的分析与对比。基于在南海、西菲律宾海获取的现场调查数据,对于文献中常用的荧光指数(FI)、腐殖化指数(HIX)、自生源指数(BIX)等光谱参数的内在含义及其在海洋环境中的适用性进行了评述。此外,还归纳和总结了胶体有机质和颗粒有机质荧光分析的最新进展,并对今后在光谱分析与观测领域有待完善和突破的一些关键领域进行了展望。 相似文献
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当前极端气候事件频发,引起了人们广泛的关注。然而,气候变化对中国典型河流溶解有机物(DOM)的影响尚且未得到充分的认识。2021年11月至2022年10月,每月于珠江下游广州段采集河水样品,并分析其中溶解有机碳(DOC)、发色溶解有机物(CDOM)和荧光溶解有机物(FDOM)的浓度和组成。采样期间, 2022年6月珠江流域遭遇百年一遇的洪水。结果显示,洪水大幅度降低了河水中的DOC和CDOM浓度,并提高了DOM的芳香化程度。尽管洪水对DOM浓度产生了明显的稀释效应,但通过分析FDOM组成,进一步发现FDOM中不同组分对洪水的响应存在较大差异。FDOM短激发波长(230～235nm)处的类蛋白质组分峰值在洪水期间出现高值;与此同时,长激发波长(280～285nm)的类蛋白质组分和激发波长在345nm处的类腐殖质组分峰值在洪水期间出现最低值。此外,与长江下游相比,珠江下游水体中往往具有较高的DOC和CDOM浓度、DOM芳香化程度以及CDOM分子量。研究将有助于进一步了解珠江等世界大河DOM浓度和组成的变化规律和控制机制,以及揭示极端洪水对大河DOM动态变化产生的影响。 相似文献
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太湖水体光学衰减系数的特征及参数化 总被引：34，自引：3，他引：34
利用2001-2002年周年太湖全湖不同湖区湖泊光学及表层水样的实测资料，分析了太湖水体表层光学衰减系数与透明度、无机和有机颗粒物质及叶绿素a的相关关系，建立了表层水光学衰减系数与无机、有机颗粒物质及叶绿素a多元线性回归方程。结果表明，光学衰减系数与透明度的关系为：Kdg0.096 1.852/ST；表层水光学衰减系数与无机、有机颗粒物质及叶绿素a多元线性回归方程为：Kd=0.219 0.0768Ciss 0.214Cdet 0.006Cchl；光学衰减系数变化的主要影响因子是无机及有机颗粒物。 相似文献
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Sources and distribution of organic matter in a river-dominated estuary (Winyah Bay, SC, USA) 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
Miguel A. Goi Maria J. Teixeira David W. Perkey 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2003,57(5-6):1023-1048
The sources and distribution of organic matter (OM) in surface waters and sediments from Winyah Bay (South Carolina, USA) were investigated using a variety of analytical techniques, including elemental, stable isotope and organic biomarker analyses. Several locations along the estuary salinity gradient were sampled during four different periods of contrasting river discharge and tidal range. The dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations of surface waters ranged from 7 mg l−1 in the lower bay stations closest to the ocean to 20 mg l−1 in the river and upper bay samples. There was a general linear relationship between DOC concentrations and salinity in three of the four sampling periods. In contrast, particulate organic carbon (POC) concentrations were significantly lower (0.1–3 mg l−1) and showed no relationship with salinity. The high molecular weight dissolved OM (HMW DOM) isolated from selected water samples collected along the bay displayed atomic carbon:nitrogen ratios ([C/N]a) and stable carbon isotopic compositions of organic carbon (δ13COC) that ranged from 10 to 30 and from −28 to −25‰, respectively. Combined, such compositions indicate that in most HMW DOM samples, the majority of the OM originates from terrigenous sources, with smaller contributions from riverine and estuarine phytoplankton. In contrast, the [C/N]a ratios of particulate OM (POM) samples varied significantly among the collection periods, ranging from low values of 5 to high values of >20. Overall, the trends in [C/N]a ratios indicated that algal sources of POM were most important during the early and late summer, whereas terrigenous sources dominated in the winter and early spring.In Winyah Bay bottom sediments, the concentrations of the mineral-associated OM were positively correlated with sediment surface area. The [C/N]a ratios and δ13COC compositions of the bulk sedimentary OM ranged from 5 to 45 and from −28 to −23‰, respectively. These compositions were consistent with predominant contributions of terrigenous sources and lesser (but significant) inputs of freshwater, estuarine and marine phytoplankton. The highest terrigenous contents were found in sediments from the river and upper bay sites, with smaller contributions to the lower parts of the estuary. The yields of lignin-derived CuO oxidation products from Winyah Bay sediments indicated that the terrigenous OM in these samples was composed of variable mixtures of relatively fresh vascular plant detritus and moderately altered soil OM. Based on the lignin phenol compositions, most of this material appeared to be derived from angiosperm and gymnosperm vascular plant sources similar to those found in the upland coastal forests in this region. A few samples displayed lignin compositions that suggested a more significant contribution from marsh C3 grasses. However, there was no evidence of inputs of Spartina alterniflora (a C4 grass) remains from the salt marshes that surround the lower sections of Winyah Bay. 相似文献
16.
K.L. Kilminster D.I. Walker P.A. Thompson J.A. Raven 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2006,68(3-4):675
Essential nutrients for seagrass growth may be derived from benthic decomposition of organic matter. To test this idea, cores of Halophila ovalis (seagrass-vegetated) and unvegetated sediment (control) were amended with either particulate organic matter (POM) or dissolved organic matter (DOM) to test whether a positive feed-back loop exists, where increased organic matter results in increased seagrass nutrients. POM was added in the form of seagrass wrack (0, 1, 5, 12 g core−1) and DOM was added with sucrose diffusion tubes at the root zone (0, 0.8, 2.4, 5.2 g core−1). Cores were incubated under saturating light conditions (12 h light/12 h dark) at 18 °C, for 4 weeks. Results suggest a complex balance between positive and negative effects of organic matter enrichment. Whilst leaf molar concentrations of N and P of H. ovalis increased (by 15 and 30% respectively), plant growth declined (up to 50% relative to control) for both DOM and POM enrichments. Phosphate was removed from sediment porewater following POM addition and most likely translocated to the leaves. Stressors other than nutrient limitation (e.g. biogeochemical constraints) reduce growth and affect the nutrient dynamics of the seagrass and should be the focus of future work. 相似文献
17.
Potential source and diagenetic signatures of oceanic dissolved and particulate organic matter as distinguished by lipid biomarker distributions 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Potential biogenic sources of ultrafiltered dissolved and suspended particulate organic matter (UDOM and POM, respectively) from the Sargasso Sea (SS) and North Central Pacific (NCP) Ocean were investigated using lipid biomarker compounds. Organic carbon (OC) concentrations were ~ 20–40 times greater in UDOM than POM and decreased with depth. However, total OC-normalized lipid concentrations were 2–3 orders of magnitude higher in POM than in UDOM. Particulate total lipids decreased 3–10-fold with depth, compared to 10–20% for dissolved total lipids. Total fatty acids (FA), the most abundant lipids, showed similar patterns as total lipids, comprising ~ 62–88% of the total lipids analyzed in UDOM and ~ 57–84% in POM.FA were dominated by straight-chain saturated compounds followed by monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, and branched FA. Polyunsaturated FA were enriched in POM vs. UDOM and in surface vs. deep waters for both UDOM and POM, likely reflecting the algal origins and greater reactivity of surface-derived materials. In both UDOM and POM, sterols of planktonic origin dominated, including cholest-5-en-3β-ol (C27Δ5), 24-methylcholesta-5,24(28)E-dien-3β-ol (C28Δ5,24(28)) and 24-ethylcholest-5-3β-ol (C29Δ5), with varying contributions from cholesta-5,22E-3β-ol (C27Δ5,22), 24-methylcholesta-5,22E-3β-ol (C28Δ5,22) and 24-ethylcholesta-5,22E-3β-ol (C29Δ5,22).Factor analysis of lipid biomarkers showed major differences between the UDOM and POM pools and for each pool as a function of depth, but not between the SS and NCP. While UDOM and POM biomarkers were both dominated by autochthonous sources, differences between the two pools suggest potential effects from some combination of source and diagenetic factors. The lipid biomarker data are further evaluated relative to previous studies of radiocarbon (14C) and elemental (C:N:P) characteristics of UDOM and POM in the SS and NCP. 相似文献
18.
草鱼、鲢鱼和鲤鱼混养池塘中浮游生物和悬浮颗粒物组成变化的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为评估鲢鱼的滤食作用对淡水鱼混养池塘中浮游生物和悬浮颗粒物组成的影响,2009年在山东省淡水养殖研究所采用围隔将淡水养殖池塘进行分隔,对不同放养比例的草鱼、鲢鱼和鲤鱼混养围隔内的浮游生物和悬浮颗粒物的组成进行研究。结果显示,草-鲢和草-鲢-鲤混养组中隐藻门的隐藻与硅藻门的小环藻、冠盘藻或针杆藻等交替演变,浮游植物的粒级趋于小型化,<5、5～20和>20μm的浮游植物分别占浮游植物生物量的69%、24%和7%;同时浮游动物也趋于小型化,个体较小的原生动物和轮虫生物量占有相对优势,导致浮游动物生物量降低;草-鲤混养组发生了蓝藻水华,色球藻和螺旋藻大量发生,<5、5～20和>20μm的各粒级对浮游植物生物量的贡献率分别在30%左右。实验中悬浮颗粒物(SPM)范围为18.89～116.27mg/L,平均值为52.49mg/L,颗粒有机物(POM)与SPM含量之比的平均值为50.08%,POM与SPM呈显著正相关(R2=0.188,P<0.01)。 相似文献
19.
Christopher L. Dupont James. W. Moffett Robert R. Bidigare Beth A. Ahner 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2006,53(12):1961-1974
Dissolved and particulate concentrations of the biogenic thiols cysteine (Cys), arginine–cysteine (Arg–Cys), glutamine–cysteine (Gln–Cys), γ-glutamate–cysteine (γ-Glu–Cys) and glutathione (GSH) were measured in the subartic Pacific Ocean in the summer of 2003 using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with precolumn derivatization as reported in previous work. In this study, a preconcentration protocol for the derivatized thiols was utilized to extend detection limits of dissolved thiols to picomolar levels. The measured concentrations of particulate and dissolved thiols were uncoupled, with distinctive depth profiles and large differences in the particulate to dissolved ratios between individual compounds. Glutathione was the most abundant particulate thiol whereas the most abundant dissolved thiol was γ-Glu–Cys, with concentrations as high as 15 nM. Given the relatively small pool of intracellular γ-Glu–Cys and the very low dissolved concentrations of GSH, we hypothesize that glutathione released from cells is rapidly converted to the potentially degradation resistant γ-Glu–Cys outside the cell. The relatively high concentrations of other dissolved thiols compared to particulate concentrations implies both biological exudation and slow degradation rates. Some thiols appear to vary with changes in nutrient availability but this effect is difficult to decouple from changes in community structure inferred from pigment analyses. Dissolved thiol concentrations also exceed typical metal concentrations in the subartic Pacific, supporting previous arguments that they may be important in metal speciation. 相似文献
20.
G. Figueres J.M. Martin M. Meybeck P. Seyler 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1985,20(2):183-203
Concentrations of mercury were determined for the waters, suspended matter and sediments of the Tagus and of major French estuaries.The Tagus estuary is one of the most contaminated by mercury derived from the outfalls of a chloralkali plant and from other industrial sources. In deposited sediments the median level, 1·0 μg Hg g?1, is twenty times higher than the natural background and Hg contents depend on the sediment grain-size, age and the distance from waste-outfalls. Suspended matter is more regularly and highly contaminated (median value: 4·5 μg Hg g?1). In the French estuaries Hg levels in the suspended material decrease with salinity due to dilution and/or remobilization processes. In June 1982, in the Loire estuary, high values of Hg are observed in the middle estuary and attributed to urban and industrial sources.In the Tagus estuary, the general distribution of total dissolved Hg confirms the contamination: it increases seaward from 10 ng 1?1 in the river to 80 ng 1?1 in the estuary outlet. The dissolved Hg is almost totally organic in the river, inorganic in the middle estuary due to inorganic Hg effluents and again organic in the lower estuary. This variation is related to the dissolved organic carbon values. The dissolved Hg levels in the Loire Estuary (5–300 ng 1?1) are much higher than in the Gironde estuary (3–6 ng 1?1) and of the same order as those observed in the Tagus estuary. 相似文献