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1.
《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2010,(4)
南海表层黏土矿物组合主要包括伊利石、绿泥石、高岭石和蒙皂石,这些矿物在不同地区不同水深有着不同的分布特征,而物源区的不同是导致分布特征存在差异的主要因素。结合在南海西部和北部的工作以及近年来其他学者发表的南海表层黏土矿物资料将其大致分为东南西北4个部分,并确定各自的物源区。台湾和吕宋岛是南海东部表层黏土矿物的主要来源;湄公河、婆罗洲、巽他陆架和印度尼西亚岛弧是南海南部的主要物源区;南海西部表层黏土矿物主要来自红河、湄公河、珠江、台湾、巽他陆架、印度尼西亚岛弧以及婆罗洲;珠江、台湾、长江和吕宋岛则是南海北部的主要来源。 相似文献
2.
对南海西部表层沉积物进行系统取样分析表明,该区黏土矿物总体以伊利石为主,平均含量超过50%,其次为蒙脱石、绿泥石和高岭石含量较低,伊利石和蒙脱石含量变化较大,两者呈负相关关系,而绿泥石和高岭石含量变化较小,两者呈正相关关系。根据黏土矿物组合及其分布特征,南海西部海域大致可以分为A、B、C、D四区,其中A区以高伊利石和低蒙脱石含量为特征,B区伊利石含量明显下降,蒙脱石含量增多,C区以较高蒙脱石含量和低绿泥石、高岭石含量为特征,D区为相对低伊利石,高蒙脱石、绿泥石和高岭石,且往东南方向蒙脱石含量增大,而伊利石含量下降。与邻区黏土矿物组合对比研究表明,高伊利石含量的A区物源,除来自华南大陆的珠江、韩江等大小河流外,可能有相当部分来自东北方向,包括台湾岛及台湾海峡等。越南岸外的陆坡区细粒沉积物与陆架区有明显的继承性,表明其物源主要来自中南半岛,而红河物源对陆坡及深海盆的影响相对较小。南部陆架-陆坡区的物源主要有湄公河和加里曼丹岛,但两者的混合明显。因此,从区域分布来看,来自台湾海峡的细粒沉积物对南海深海盆影响最大,这可能主要是有由于表层环流所致。 相似文献
3.
南海北部陆架表层沉积物重矿物分布特征及物源意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
该文根据2007～2010年间对南海北部陆架采集的292个表层沉积物样品0．063～0．125mm粒级矿物的鉴定和分析结果,研究了该海域表层沉积物重矿物的分布特征和物质来源．结果表明：该海域矿物组成以轻组分矿物为主,平均质量百分数高达98．49％,重组分矿物的含量较低,平均值为1．51％,最高质量百分数仅为10．38％,共发现了60种重矿物．影响南海北部陆架表层沉积物重矿物的含量和分布的首要因素是水动力条件,其次是物质来源,其他因素如沉积环境、矿物自身的变质程度等也在一定程度上影响其分布特征．根据因子分析的因子荷载分布及南海北部陆架的地形地貌,研究区可划分为4个主要矿物组合区和2个亚区．分析结果表明,华南沿海的众多河流特别是珠江的入海泥沙是南海北部陆架表层沉积物的主要物质来源．海南岛东南部海底峡谷区处于相对稳定的沉积环境,胶结于有孔虫壳内的海洋自生黄铁矿含量丰富． 相似文献
4.
南海上升流研究概述 总被引：39，自引：3，他引：39
本文对近40a来南海上升流研究结果进行了概述，重点介绍了南海北部陆架区上升流的时空分布特征，及其消长和形成机制等研究成果．这些研究成果揭示上升沈是整个南海北部陆架区夏季的普遍现象，具有南海海盆的空间尺度．引起南海北部陆架区夏季上升流存在的动力因素是盛行的西南季风．该上升流在空间和时间上的分布是不均一的，海南岛东北和闽、粤边界海域是上升流中心区；台湾浅滩周围的上升流呈多元结构，各上升流区海水的理化性质存在看明显差异；在粤东，上升流的影响可达沿海港湾内部，并支配看这些港湾的夏季水文条件．南海除了在其北部陆架区存在看夏季上升流外，夏季在越南东部沿岸和冬季在吕宋岛沿岸均存在看上升流。 相似文献
5.
南海北部陆架区夏季上升流数值研究 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10
采用三维斜压非线性数值模式并结合卫星遥感资料分析,对南海北部陆架区夏季上升流进行了初步研究.研究结果表明,上升流是南海北部陆架区6-9月的一个规律性现象,而不是个别年份的特殊现象;海南岛东部沿岸及雷州半岛以东广州湾东南部一带海域(琼东上升流区)、汕头沿岸直至福建沿岸南日群岛附近海域(粤东上升流区)夏季表层及次表层海水均表现出明显的低温、高盐、高密等陆架上升流特征;上升流中心主要位于海南岛以东清澜湾至七洲列岛之间111°10'E、19°45'N附近,陵水湾至陵水沿岸110°15'E、18°25'N附近,粤东汕头沿岸116°45'E、22°50'N附近及澎湖列岛以西118°E、23°40'N附近.同时通过对模拟结果与QuikSCAT风场的比较分析发现,沿岸上升流与局地风场有着密切的关系,夏季西南风及风应力旋度对琼东沿岸上升流的形成有着非常积极的作用;而粤东沿岸风应力旋度较小,但夏季西南风仍是诱生粤东沿岸上升流的重要因素之一. 相似文献
6.
应用X射线衍射(XRD)方法对南海北部西侧海域315个表层沉积物<2μm的粘土组分进行分析.结果表明,本研究区粘土矿物有伊利石、绿泥石、蒙脱石和高岭石,其组合特征在不同区域表现出明显的差异.根据粘土矿物的空间分布特征以及研究区的海底地形特征,研究区大致可以分为3个不同区块:A区是珠江口外的大陆架区域;B区是海南岛以东陆架陆坡区域;C区为西沙海槽至西沙群岛附近区域.根据研究区表层粘土矿物分布特征、周围河流供给的主要粘土成分以及洋流搬运作用,发现A区高岭石(平均含量为19%)主要来自珠江,伊利石与绿泥石(平均含量分别为53%和18%)主要由台湾的河流提供,有珠江物质的混合,蒙脱石含量较低(平均含量为10%).B区的高岭石(平均含量为13%)主要由海南岛的河流提供,蒙脱石(平均含量为16%)主要由吕宋岛的河流提供,B区东部的伊利石和绿泥石来自台湾的河流,B区西部伊利石和绿泥石主要来自红河、越南中部河流,海南岛物源亦有贡献.C区高岭石含量较低(平均含量为12%),越南中部河流和红河为C区蒙脱石(平均含量为14%)的主要物源区,C区东部伊利石和绿泥石来自台湾的河流,C区西部伊利石和绿泥石主要来自红河、越南中部河流. 相似文献
7.
《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2016,(6)
对南海北部陆架沉积区244个表层沉积物样品进行了粒度组分、多元统计及输运趋势分析,结果表明:南海北部陆架区共分布9种沉积物类型,粒度组成以砂和粉砂为主,砂含量占绝对优势,沉积物主要粒级为0~8Φ,优势粒级为0~4Φ。研究区东北部粒径较粗,以中砂为主,分选中等-好,负偏,峰态中等-平坦,西南部粒径较细,以粉砂为主,分选较差,正偏,峰态平坦,中间过渡及陆架外缘粒径中等,以细砂为主,分选中等,正偏,峰态尖锐。基于粒度多元统计及输运趋势分析,南海北部陆架划分为3个沉积区:珠江口及粤东近岸沉积区(I区):主要受控于沿岸流,水动力条件较弱,物质来源以珠江、韩江等河流输运物质及近岸基岩风化、岛屿剥蚀作用产物为主,少量东沙群岛海底冲刷剥蚀产物;混合过渡沉积区(II区):受黑潮南海分支、南海暖流及沿岸流共同作用,水动力条件中等,物源复杂多样,为珠江携带陆源物质、台湾浅滩物质以及东沙群岛附近海底剥蚀产物的混合沉积区域;台湾浅滩及珠江古三角洲残留沉积区(III区):受黑潮南海分支、南海暖流、北部九龙江、沿岸流等影响,海洋水动力条件较强,以晚更新世的残留沉积为主,同时可能接受了少量现代沉积物质。 相似文献
8.
2006年9月南海北部表层温盐场的走航观测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过2006年9月南海北部开放航次的走航观测,得到了该海区多个断面的表层温度、盐度分布曲线.QuikScat海面风场资料显示观测期间处于西南季风向东北季风的转换阶段,走航观测所得的温、盐资料显示出在这一季风转换的特殊阶段该海区表层的水文特征.珠江口冲淡水的扩散范围在季风转向前后有显著的变化,低盐的冲淡水在西南季风阶段向珠江口外海区的东南方延伸较远,而在东北季风阶段则受珠江径流量、南海北部表层环流等因素的影响收缩至珠江口附近.闽南近岸和台湾浅滩南部表层具有低温高盐特征,但CTD资料表明台湾浅滩区域存在上升流,结合风场资料,可证实观测期间此处的上升流由海流-地形因素所造成. 相似文献
9.
为了明确白云凹陷北坡珠江组下段陆架边缘三角洲的形成演化阶段及其主要控制因素,采用地震沉积学、层序地层学的相关理论和方法,结合钻测井数据、地震反射结构特征和均方根振幅属性等资料,在前人研究的基础上对该陆架边缘三角洲的识别特征、演化模式和控制因素进行了重新认识和探讨分析。结果表明:陆架边缘三角洲在顺物源方向具有高角度斜交型前积反射,缺乏顶积层的海岸平原相,其前端发育盆底扇沉积;垂向沉积序列以多期反旋回的前三角洲、席状砂、河口沙坝和水下分流河道的叠置为特征,发育陆坡区常见的生物扰动、泥质条带变形和滑塌、滑动现象;珠江组下段陆架边缘三角洲形成于强制海退体系域时期,并伴随着盆底扇的发育,而低位体系域时期主要发育斜坡扇和低位楔状体;构造活动促使白云凹陷北坡在珠江组下段时期形成稳定分布的陆架坡折带,珠江组下段时期古珠江携带的充沛物源和该时期强烈的海平面下降使碎屑沉积物能够进积至陆架边缘,甚至陆坡地区形成陆架边缘三角洲沉积。 相似文献
10.
《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2016,(2)
对取自南海南部的153个表层沉积物样品,进行了粒度、粒度参数计算和Q型聚类分析,探讨了表层沉积物的粒度分布特征、沉积类型及影响因素。结果表明,研究区沉积物主要粒级组分为黏土和粉砂,底质类型主要为泥,还有粉砂质砂、砂质粉砂和粉砂,平行于等深线基本呈带状分布;结合Q型聚类分析结果,研究区沉积物可分为外陆架及陆架坡折区粗粒沉积物(砂和粉砂)和陆坡区细粒沉积物(泥)两类,500m等深线是两类沉积物的分界线;对比粒度分析结果,判定两类沉积物属于不同成因类型,外陆架及陆架坡折区是现代沉积和残留沉积的混合沉积,陆坡区是现代沉积;影响南海南部表层沉积物粒度分布的主要因素是物源、水动力条件、水深与地形及洋流。 相似文献
11.
Nepheloid layer dynamics in the northern Portuguese shelf 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A. Oliveira J. Vitorino A. Rodrigues J. M. Jouanneau J. A. Dias O. Weber 《Progress in Oceanography》2002,52(2-4)
A general hydrographic and nephelometric survey of the NW Portuguese continental shelf and upper slope was undertaken, under winter and spring conditions. The nepheloid layer dynamics along the shelf during three cruises were controlled, principally by the following factors: (a) the hydrography of the shelf-slope waters, i.e. the nepheloid layers followed isopycnals and water masses; (b) prevalence of upwelling or downwelling circulation over the shelf; (c) dispersion of material by river discharge (mainly the Douro river); (d) resuspension of mid-shelf fine deposits induced by swell; (e) peculiar morphology with the presence of Porto Canyon and outer shelf rock outcrops.The general circulation controls the seaward extension of the nepheloid layers. In winter, under dominant downwelling conditions, an intense bottom nepheloid layer (BNL) was observed on the shelf, due to river borne particle supply and remobilization of mid-shelf muddy sediments (depth ≈100 m). In this period the BNL increased in thickness to the top of the slope, following the isopycnals. Near the shelf-break the BNL detached to form intermediate nepheloid layers (INL). Small INLs appear deeper in some areas of the slope. A surface nepheloid layer (SNL) appears in the surface water over the shelf and slope. In spring, biological particles mainly contribute to the SNL, which is separated from the BNL by a zone of clear water. In winter the SNL is restricted to the inner shelf where there are high inputs of fluvial particles.Downwelling circulation probably induces transport of shelf particles to deeper waters in the BNL. In spring, the predominant circulation was southward (upwelling), the water column was highly stratified, and dispersion of particles in the SNL was offshore. 相似文献
12.
《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2006,53(8):1423-1438
The distribution of nepheloid layers across the outer shelf and upper continental slope off Namibia was studied during a cruise with R.V. Meteor in late austral summer 2003. Optical measurements, carried out with a transmissometer and a backscattering fluorometer, are correlated with suspended particulate matter (SPM) and particulate organic carbon (POC) values from water sample filtration. Conductivity-temperature-depth and oxygen data are used to relate the nepheloid layers to hydrographic structures. The particle content of surface water at the continental slope is controlled primarily by the offshore extension of highly productive upwelling filaments. A pronounced bottom nepheloid layer (BNL) covers the entire area of study with maximum intensity above the outer shelf and at the shelf break—an area where erosional forces dominate. The detachment of this BNL at the shelf break feeds a major intermediate nepheloid layer (INL) at 25.5°S. This INL is positioned at 250–400 m depth, at the lower boundary of an oxygen minimum zone, and is likely connected to the poleward flow of South Atlantic Central Water (SACW) across the shelf break. Together, these strong subsurface nepheloid layers are indicators of intensive lateral particle transport from the outer shelf towards a depocenter of organic matter on the upper continental slope. 相似文献
13.
High-resolution Chirp profiling and coring reveals an elongated(ca. 400 km) Holocene Zhujiang River(Pearl River)-derived mud area(maximum thickness 20 m) extending from the Zhujiang River Delta, southwestward off the Guangdong coast, to the Leizhou Peninsula. Two depo-centers, one proximal and one distal, are identified. On the continental shelf off the west Guangdong Province, the mud is deposited in water depth shallower than 50 m; while to the southeast of the Zhujiang River Estuary, the mud area can extend to the-120 m isobath. A combined analysis with the stratigraphic sequences of other muddy deposits in the Western Pacific marginal seas(mainly Changjiang(Yangtze) and Huanghe(Yellow) Rivers derived) indicates that the initiation of the Zhujiang River muddy deposit can be further divided into two stages: Stage 1 is before the mid-Holocene sea-level highstand(ca. 7.0 cal. ka BP), the proximal mud was mostly deposited after 9.0 cal. ka BP, when the sea-level rose slowly after the Meltwater Pulse-1C; Stage 2, after the mid-Holocene sealevel highstand, clinoform developed on the continental shelf off the west Guangdong Province, extending ca. 400 km from the Zhujiang River Estuary. The proximal clinoform thins offshore, from ca. 10 m thickness around 5–10 m water depth to less than 1–2 m around 20–30 m water depth. In addition, we also find a developed distal clinoform in the east of the Leizhou Peninsula. 相似文献
14.
于2014年10月和2015年6月对珠江口、南海北部陆坡区域溶解态铝的分布进行观测,探讨影响其分布及季节差异的主要因素,并以其作为示踪因子探讨潜在的陆源物质跨陆架输送途径。研究结果显示,夏、秋季珠江口盐度为0时溶解态铝的浓度分别为690.0 nmol/L和360.0 nmol/L,在淡咸水混合初期溶解态铝迅速自水体清除,夏季的清除率(55.8%)大于秋季(29.7%)。在南海北部陆坡区域,夏季表层溶解态铝浓度表现为沿纬线方向西高东低的分布特点,秋季则相反;夏、秋季底层溶解态铝浓度均呈现出随着离岸距离增加逐渐降低的分布趋势。秋季溶解态铝浓度的分布与盐度呈现显著的负相关关系,表明其行为近乎保守,陆架混合水及黑潮次表层水等水团混合是影响南海北部陆坡区域溶解态铝分布的主要因素。并且以溶解态铝作为示踪因子发现,在21.6~22.2 kg/m^3密度面区间存在自陆架向陆坡方向的跨陆架输送。而夏季陆坡中部受到珠江冲淡水的影响出现低盐水舌,但溶解态铝的浓度相对较低,表现出明显的不保守行为。浮游植物的清除作用是导致夏季陆坡区域溶解态铝分布异常的重要因素。 相似文献
15.
在珠江口、广东沿岸及南海北部三个航次生物-光学数据的基础上,研究了色素打包效应和色素成分的变化对浮游植物吸收系数的影响,结果表明,两种因素对吸收系数都有较大的贡献,但在不同的水体它们的影响程度各有不同.对网采浮游植物含量较高的珠江口和广东沿岸的水体而言,色素打包效应较强,对675 nm处比吸收系数的贡献平均分别为40%和20%;对微型浮游植物占主导地位的南海北部航次的水体,打包效应较弱,对675 nm处比吸收系数的影响平均仅为6%.采用多元线性回归的方法对吸收光谱进行分析,发现除叶绿素a之外的辅助色素对吸收系数的贡献主要表现在蓝绿光波段,三个航次440 nm波长处对总吸收的贡献平均分别为44%,43%和53%,其中对珠江口和广东沿岸航次的水体主要是光合类胡萝卜素的吸收贡献,而对南海北部航次的水体除了光合类胡萝卜素以外还要受到光保护类胡萝卜素的影响.由于河口、近岸和外海水体藻类粒级结构和辅助色素成分对浮游植物吸收系数的贡献有明显的差异,在南海北部水体建立比较精确的生物光学模型时,需考虑藻类粒级结构及色素成分对浮游植物吸收系数的影响. 相似文献
16.
Data from three cruises conducted in the Zhujiang River (ZR), coastal waters of Guangdong (CWGD) and the northern South China Sea (NSCS) during 2003 and 2004 were examined for assessing the relative importance of pigment composition and packaging effect in modifying the specific absorption coefficients of phytoplankton. The three survey regions differ widely in their phytoplankton community with large cells dominating the ZR and CWGD waters and small cells dominating the NSCS region. Variations in the size structure and the accessory pigments have much effect on the chlorophyll a-specific absorption coefficient of phytoplankton. The size index accounted for about 42% and 33% of the variation of the specific absorption coefficient at 440 and 675 nm, respectively. Using the multiple regression analysis approach, pigment concentrations for each sample were calculated. The accessory pigments other than chlorophyll a contribute to absorption mainly in the blue-to-green region of the spectrum and their absorptions account for about 44%, 43% and 53% on the average of the total phytoplankton absorption at 440 nm for the ZR, CWGD and NSCS regions. Among the accessory pigments, the photosynthetic carotenoids (noted PSC) play a dominant role in the ZR and CWGD waters, while in the NSCS the nonphotosynthetic carotenoids (noted PPC) as well as PSC have important contributions. Because the variations of both the size structure and accessory pigments in algal populations contributed to the variability of the specific absorption coefficient in the study regions, these factors may be considered explicitly in future bio-optical algorithms to derive chlorophyll a concentration more accurately. 相似文献
17.
Laura Lorenzoni Robert C Thunell Claudia R. Benitez-Nelson David Hollander Nahysa Martinez Eric Tappa Ramón Varela Yrene Astor Frank E. Muller-Karger 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2009,56(12):2249-2262
Optical transmissometer measurements were coupled with particulate organic matter (POM) observations to understand suspended sediment composition and distribution in the eastern Cariaco Basin during the rainy seasons of September 2003 and 2006. Our results suggest that nepheloid layers originating at the mouth of small mountainous rivers discharging into the eastern Basin are a major delivery mechanism of terrigenous sediments to the Basin interior. Intermediate nepheloid layers (INL) were observed near the shelf break (～100 m) and appear to effectively transport terrigenous material laterally from the shelf to deep waters, thereby providing a plausible supply mechanism of the terrestrial material observed in sediment traps. These findings highlight the importance of small, local rivers in the Cariaco Basin as sources of terrestrial material. In contrast, these nepheloid layers contained only limited POM. When this information is combined with published sediment trap POM data, it suggests that nepheloid layers may not be a primary mechanism for delivering terrigenous POM to the deeper waters of the basin during the rainy season. Rather, BNL may redistribute marine-derived POM from shallow waters to the Basin's interior by providing ballast materials, particularly during episodic events driven by wind and precipitation. Though we have determined that nepheloid layers play an important role in the seaward transport of particulate material in the Cariaco Basin, their composition and temporal variability have not been fully characterized. This is critical to understand lateral particle transport, since nepheloid layers constitute a significant source of sediment to the deep Cariaco Basin. 相似文献
18.
Richard A. Feely 《Marine Chemistry》1975,3(2):121-156
During cruises 71-A-12 and 73-A-3 of the R/V “Alaminos” eighty-six samples of suspended matter at eleven near-bottom stations in the Gulf of Mexico and northwestern Caribbean Sea were collected, and simultaneously, values for light scattering were measured. Selected samples of the suspended matter were analyzed for particulate aluminum, silicon, iron, calcium, magnesium, organic carbon and inorganic carbon. The results indicate that a permanent but highly variable near-bottom nepheloid layer exists in the Gulf of Mexico but not in the northwestern Caribbean Sea. Average total-suspended loads in the Gulf of Mexico nepheloid layer are two times higher than in the clear water above the nepheloid layer.Since there is a significant increase in the alumino-silicate fraction and a corresponding decrease in the organic fraction of the suspended matter in the nepheloid layer relative to the overlying water, it appears that sediments are the most probable source of the increased concentrations of suspended matter in the nepheloid layer. This hypothesis is supported by X-ray diffraction analyses on the nepheloid material collected at one station which show the same mineral assemblages as the underlying sediments.Time studies over periods of one week and one and one-half years showed large total-suspended-matter variations which indicate that non steady-state processes, primarily vertical eddy diffusion and possibly advection, are controlling the distribution of suspended matter in the nepheloid layer. 相似文献
19.
Distributional characteristics of grain sizes of surface sediments in the Zhujiang River Estuary 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Distributions of the parameters of sedimentary grain sizes and their correlations were studied to trace the sources of silts and their movement trends in the Zhujiang River Estuary based on the analyses of grain sizes from more than 1080 sedimentary samples. The distributions of the median diameter, public value, quartile deviation, and skewness of sediments were complex in the Zhuiiang River Estuary mainly because of the impact of the matter source regions, distances from the source regions, and hydrodynamic conditions, such as waves, tidal currents, and coastal currents. Analyses of the parameters of the grain sizes for the various types of sediments showed that the distributions of the surface sediments in the Zhujiang River Estuary were controlled by many factors. Their matter sources were mainly the sediments discharged from the runoffs and ebb tidal currents, and from the open sea. The sediments mainly moved by suspension movement. The silts formed a large area of sediments with suspended fine silts in the Zhujiang River Estuary by internal adjustment transportation in the area, and moved toward the western coast of the Zhujiang River Estuary under the effect of Coriolis forces and coastal currents. 相似文献
20.
通过对南海台西南盆地南部海域TS6岩芯沉积物样品稀土元素地球化学特征和黏土矿物组合进行分析,探讨了研究区近19 ka (末次冰消期)以来沉积物物质来源、输运机制及物源变化特征。物源综合分析结果显示,台湾河流是研究区沉积物的主要源区,其中台湾西部河流较东部河流贡献更大,珠江也为研究区输送了部分沉积物。由于各源区物质主要黏土矿物种类及含量存在较大差异,推测研究区沉积物黏土矿物中的伊利石和绿泥石主要由台湾河流提供,高岭石主要由珠江提供,含量较少的蒙脱石由东南部的吕宋岛提供。末次冰消期以来,研究区陆源物质输入量受控于海平面变化而逐渐减少,黏土矿物组合反映的物源变化主要受控于气候和洋流变化,还可能叠加了多种因素的影响。 相似文献