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1.
我国在南极建有长城和中山两站。长城站建成于1985年2月20日，经1986年、1992年和1996年的几次较大扩建后，目前站区总建筑面积约3400m^2余。中山站建成于1989年2月26日，站区总建筑面积约2700m^2余。两站建筑设施主要包括：生活栋、科研栋、通信栋、气象栋、发电栋、车库、综合库、食品冷冻、冷藏库等。为了保障考察站的正常运行，两站除配备了供电、供水、取暖、通信等系统外，还建有油料储备供应系统、垃圾处理和污水处理设施、水陆交通运输工具和工程机械等。长城站已运转了20年，中山站也已运转了15年，为了能满足我国南极考察事业发展的需要，计划在“十五”期间对南极两站进行逐步实施改建和增建部分建筑和考察设施。 相似文献
2.
厦门潮间带泥滩和虾池小型底栖动物类群的丰度 总被引：16，自引：4，他引：12
１９９６年对厦门三处潮间带和两口虾池的小型底栖动物进行了调查。结果表明，小型底栖动物主要类群自由生活海洋线虫。此外，还有底栖桡足类、多毛类和寡毛类。三处潮间带海洋线虫的平均密度为６０．１３个／ｃｍ＾２，占小型底栖动物平均密度的９４．４６％。除了鸡屿中潮区和低潮区外，其他潮漳带海洋线虫与底栖桡足类丰度比度多在１６．３以下，表明厦大海边和大屿潮间带未受明显污染。刚放虾苗的虾池，小型底栖动物贫乏，随着时 相似文献
3.
虾池小型底栖动物的数量研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
提出１９８７年５月至１０月在黄岛养虾池对虾生长周期内对小型底栖动物数量逐月调查。指出：小型底栖动物总平均密度为１０９２．４ｉｎｄｓ·１０ｃｍ－２，自由生活海洋线虫和底栖桡足类是主要类群，其总平均密度分别为４６６．９和４５７．９ｉｎｄｓ·１０ｃｍ－２。８９．７％的小型底栖动物分布在沉积物表层２ｃｍ内。结果指明小型底栖动物被对虾捕食，并提出了捕食模式。 相似文献
4.
根据北戴河东、西污水处理工程建设的需要，对北戴河沿海及拟建污水处理工程排污口附近沉积物中Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ｐｂ、Ｃｄ、Ｈｇ的现状值进行了调查研究，并就减轻沉积物污染的措施及污水排海的方式提出了建议。 相似文献
5.
从洋浦开发区污水处理工程建设的需要出发，对排污海区海水及沉积物的环境质量现状进行了调查研究，为污水处理工程的设计及洋浦开发区沿海海洋环境的保护提供了基础性研究资料。 相似文献
6.
为研究南黄海小型底栖动物的空间分布格局及其环境影响因素，于2020年8月（夏季）和11月（秋季）对南黄海进行了两个航次的野外观测和采样，对小型底栖动物的类群组成、丰度、生物量、垂直分布、群落结构及其与环境因子的关系进行了研究。结果显示，共鉴定出小型底栖动物类群15个，其中自由生活海洋线虫为最优势类群，在两个航次中分别占小型底栖动物总丰度的75.6%和84.6%。其他较重要的类群还包括底栖桡足类、轮虫类和枝角类等。夏季和秋季小型底栖动物的平均丰度分别为（514.9±32.1）ind./(10 cm2) 和（350.8±30.7）ind./(10 cm2)，平均生物量（干质量）分别为（651.7±98.0）μg/(10 cm2)和（589.2±37.1）μg/(10 cm2)。小型底栖动物在时空分布上存在差异。在季节分布上，小型底栖动物丰度和类群组成存在极显著差异。结合环境因子分析结果可知，沉积物中值粒径是引起差异的主要环境因子。在空间分布上，夏季小型底栖动物丰度和类群组成在不同水深间存在极显著差异，秋季小型底栖动物丰度和类群组成在不同水深间差异不显著。推测黄海冷水团是影响夏季小型底栖动物空间分布差异的主要因素。本研究中小型底栖动物的数量和类群多样性相较于国内其他对南黄海小型底栖动物的研究较低，其中沉积物叶绿素a含量及有机质含量是引起南黄海小型底栖动物丰度变化的重要因素。海洋线虫与桡足类的丰度比值（N/C比值）评估显示秋季该区域存在有机污染，这一结果与应用大型底栖动物对同一区域进行环境评价的结果不一致，对于应用N/C比值评价环境质量还需要进一步的研究。 相似文献
7.
2007年6月对厦门东海域5个站位和晋江安海湾4个站位进行了小型底栖动物调查，分析了小型底栖动物的类群组成、密度和生物量．结果表明，从这两个海域样品中共鉴定出12个小型底栖动物类群，厦门东海域和安海湾自由生活海洋线虫分别占总数量的84．56％和98．19％．生物量组成和密度组成不同，厦门东海域多毛类（37．80％）、海洋线虫（33．32％）和底栖桡足类（18．64％）共同组成了小型底栖动物的生物量优势类群；安海湾生物量优势类群是由海洋线虫（67．64％）和多毛类（30．46％）组成．厦门东海域小型底栖动物的平均密度为72．67±10．21ind／cm^2，平均生物量为23．01±10．41μg/cm^2；安海湾的平均密度为31．48±45．58ind／cm^2，平均生物量为18．28±25．69μg/cm^2． 相似文献
8.
东寨港红树林小型底栖动物的密度和生物量研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
2012年2月对海南省东寨港红树林滩涂沉积物小型底栖动物进行研究,结果表明,红树林中有六大类小型底栖动物,包括自由生活线虫、桡足类、涡虫、多毛类、寡毛类、海螨.在种类组成上,自由生活线虫为优势类群,在4个采样站位中,分别占小型底栖动物总数量的95.30％,97.02％,96.45％,90.53％.东寨港红树林小型底栖动物的总栖息密度为(1 082.23±563.76)个/(10 cm2),总生物量为(764.06±511.63)μg/(10 cm2).4个采样站位平均多样性指数H'分别为0.26、0.17、0.20、0.45,平均均匀度指数 J 分别为0.13、0.09、0.10、0.23.最小显著极差法(LSR)进行多重比较分析表明,4个采样点小型底栖动物差异明显.海洋线虫与桡足类的数量之比(N/C)显示东寨港红树林受到了有机质污染. 相似文献
9.
本文对南麂列岛国家海洋自然保护区微、小型藻类的种类组成、生态类群、分布特点等进行了较详细的分析研究。经鉴定共有微、小型藻类４５９种，在海水和海洋底栖沉积物中发现的有２８３种；泥滩、沙滩、岩礁潮间带中发现的有２８１种；两者共同出现的有１０５种。其中，硅藻类占７１．２４％，蓝藻类占１３．９４％，甲藻类占１２．６４％，绿藻类和金藻类分别占１．５３％和０．６５％。这些种类大都为本区的新记录，为我国海洋微、小型藻类首次记录的有３０种。根据种类组成、分布特点和温度性质，划分为三个生态类群：广布性类群、暖水性类群、温带性类群。此外，根据生境或生活方式不同，划分为两个生态类群：海洋浮游藻类、海洋底栖藻类或附生藻类；根据盐度的不同，又可划分为：淡水藻类、半咸水藻类、海洋藻类；还可以根据藻类个体大小的不同，划分为两个生态类群：海洋微型藻类、海洋小型藻类。 相似文献
10.
高畦深沟种植水稻、有机蔬菜，沟中施投化粪池污水、生活废水、腐烂瓜果蔬菜、各类粪便、田间杂草、藤蔓秸秆等培养水蚯蚓、福寿螺、小球藻、水蚤等饵料生物，构成良性循环的人工生态系统，通过水生生物和农作物的作用使有机污染物在田间得到衰减和清除。这种立体生产、综合利用集约生产模式，能有利于降低饵料生物生产成本，有助于解决自然耕种收获量较少、成本较高的问题，能使有机垃圾、污水处理工艺简单、费用少，并能变废为宝生 相似文献
11.
《Marine Policy》2017
A value chain analysis is conducted to identify upgrading, that is, improvements in quality and product design that enable producers to gain enhanced value or through diversification in the product lines served. However, a range of data and information of use to managing small-scale fisheries can be also be produced. Eight value chain studies, carried out for specific fish species in different locations around the Philippines, are examined. Policy and management lessons learned and interventions resulting from the value chain analysis for small-scale fisheries management are discussed. Recommendations for using value chain analysis in small-scale fisheries management include stricter regulation on size limits of harvest, monitoring schemes, certification processes, post-harvest facilities, seasonal closures, social enterprises, credit facilities, and habitat protection. 相似文献
12.
土壤渗滤处理系统设备简单、投资少、操作管理方便、能耗低,净化效果良好,在处理海岛生活污水领域具有广阔的发展前景.根据鼓浪屿目前污水水质、水量的特点,采用土壤渗滤高度水处理技术对污水进行处理,污染物经过土壤的物理、化学和生物作用,出水达到《城市污水再生利用城市杂用水水质》(GB/T18920-2002),具有不产生污泥,运行简单,氮磷去除效率高,无二次污染等特点. 相似文献
13.
Stefano Cannicci Fabrizio Bartolini Farid Dahdouh-Guebas Sara Fratini Carlos Litulo Adriano Macia Elisha J. Mrabu Gil Penha-Lopes Jos Paula 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009,84(3):305
Mangrove forests are known to accomplish crucial ecosystem functions and services. They are nursery areas for fish, prawns and crabs, which provide coastal communities with a variety of food, timber and chemicals, and protect coasts from catastrophic events, such as tsunamis. Recently, a novel ecological service has been proposed for mangrove systems, namely natural wastewater treatment wetlands. This hypothesis was based on experimental data collected mainly in Chinese mangrove systems, which proved that mangrove soils were efficient in absorbing nutrients. Moreover, sewage loading seemed harmless to both plants and benthic communities in these systems. However, before promoting the use of natural mangroves as pollution buffers, or constructed mangrove wetlands as sewage treatment facilities, more data are needed on their overall tolerance to organic loading. Differences in macrobenthos patterns were thus investigated between peri-urban mangroves and sites not affected by sewage disposal in East Africa. We assessed differences in epifaunal assemblages, comprising crabs and molluscs, employing multivariate ACI unbalanced analyses to compare peri-urban mangrove swamps with those characteristic of non-urban mangroves with similar ecological traits. The sampling design was spatially nested, replicates being assessed at equatorial (southern Kenya) and subtropical (southern Mozambique) sites. The results manifested a consistent increase in crab biomass at the peri-urban sites in both Kenya and Mozambique. Moreover, the peri-urban systems were richer than the non-urban mangroves, both in terms of fiddler crabs (Uca spp.) which feed on benthic microalgae and bacteria, and sesarmids, such as Perisesarma guttatum and Neosarmatium meinerti, which feed on both substratum and leaf litter. The abundance of gastropods, in contrast, decreased significantly, especially in Kenya, mainly due to the disappearance of the mud whelk Terebralia palustris. The results thus indicate that, in East African mangrove systems, domestic wastewater has detectable effects on crabs and molluscs, suggesting their usefulness as bioindicators of its effects in mangroves. Transformed benthic patterns at the peri-urban sites indicated the need for further study of the actual potential of natural mangrove forests to absorb pollution in sewage treatment. 相似文献
14.
15.
《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1999,48(1):27-38
A lipid biomarker survey was conducted in Victoria Harbour, Canada, to compare the distribution of sewage-derived organic matter with existing results from bacterial studies. Previous surveys [Miller (1993) Report prepared by Capital Regional District Engineering Department, Victoria, B.C. Canada and Milleret al. (1995) Report prepared by CRD Environmental Services Group and Aquatic Science Consultants Ltd., B.C., Canada] of sewage contamination in the harbour were based principally on infrequent faecal coliform counts. The use of lipid biomarkers to determine time-averaged concentrations of sewage components in sediments may be a more appropriate method for defining areas where sewage is causing environmental or human health risks. 5β-Coprostanol was measured together with other sterols, fatty acids and fatty alcohols. Generally, sewage contamination shown by these lipid biomarkers was coincident with high faecal coliform counts from previous studies. However, this survey suggests, contrary to faecal coliform counts, that Portage Inlet was a region where sewage had accumulated in the sediments, possibly due to nearby overflow facilities or tidal pumping. Although the bacterial counts were low, sewage-derived organic matter was accumulating in the slack areas. In sediments of the Gorge and West Bay there were low faecal biomarker concentrations; this was probably due to the strong tidal currents which do not allow faecal matter to settle in sediments. Faecal coliform counts, however, indicated poor water quality in these same regions but this probably reflects fresh discharges passing through this area without leading to settlement. 相似文献
16.
本文通过实测资料，分析了黄河清水沟流路入海泥沙淤积在三角洲陆上和滨海以及漂向外海的泥沙分配，统计了三角洲淤积造陆沿岸线的淤积延伸宽度以及泥沙在滨海水下的淤积范围，并对潮流和余流引起的泥沙扩散进行了分析。 相似文献
17.
竹醋对生活污水好氧处理的强化作用初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用在生活污水好氧处理之前投加外源物质的方法 ,研究了竹醋 (Bamboo Vinegar,BV)及其主要有机成分 (乙酸 )对污水好氧处理效果的强化作用。结果表明 :1当 VBV/ V污水 的比值达到1 / 1 0 6时 ,BV对污水 CODcr的去除有极显著的强化作用 :CODcr去除率比不加竹醋的对照组提高1 0 %。但是 ,BV对污水中 NH+ 4 - N,T- P的去除率没有影响。 2乙酸单独使用亦可显著提高污水CODcr去除率 ,当 V乙酸 / V污水 为 1 / 1 0 7时 ,强化效果最好 ,CODcr去除率提高 1 3%。由于乙酸具有与BV相似的作用特点 ,所以认为 BV对污水处理效果的强化作用来自其中的乙酸。为了将 BV应用于污水处理中 ,需要进一步研究确定 BV对活性污泥法、生物膜法处理污水的强化效果 相似文献
18.
Griselda V. Garaffo María L. Jaubet María de los Á. Sánchez María S. Rivero Eduardo A. Vallarino Rodolfo Elías 《Marine Ecology》2012,33(3):272-279
The intertidal zone around Mar del Plata’s sewage discharge (38° S, 57° W) is characterized by the presence of the non-indigenous spionid polychaete Boccardia proboscidea. This species has been classified as tolerant to moderate and high levels of organic contamination. During early stages of colonization this species can reach very high densities without suffering from interspecific competition, building biogenic structures such as reef. The aim of this work was evaluate the recovery time of the reef to a small-scale experimental physical disturbance. Five independent rocks with B. proboscidea reefs on them were selected randomly and a small-scale disturbance was generated by corers (16 cm2). At the beginning of the experiment, six corers were collected in each reef to produce the disturbance. The original density of B. proboscidea in each reef was determined in these corers. The reefs with disturbed corer were sampled on successive days to assess the reef recovery time. The number of larvae, juveniles and adults was quantified. Polychaete reefs had very high densities before the disturbance (mean density: 1,021,250 ind m−2). Boccardia proboscidea reefs had a fast recovery rate after small-scale disturbance. Four days after disturbance the density reached about 50% of the original density and after 5 days the disturbed reefs could not be differentiated from the undisturbed reef. The initial recolonization of disturbed patches occurs as a result of migration which appears to be driven by larvae and juveniles. These reefs can not be seen as biodiversity hotspots and the presence of the species demonstrates great environmental deterioration. 相似文献
19.
Meng Fanping 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2000,30(Z1):215-220
生物强化技术对于改善现有污水处理工艺的效果具有重要作用 。实验研究以生活污水中添加有效微生物群(EM)和单以生活污水两种方式培养活性污泥,然 后分别将其引入SBR反应器,以考察EM对SBR工艺处理生活污水的强化作用。结果表明,在正 常生活污水浓度和最优工艺条件(污水pH6～8,曝气2h,静置沉淀0.5h)下,EM-SBR反应器对 污水CODcr、NH+4-N的平均去除率分别比普通SBR工艺高19.08%和23.17%;且具有较好 的稳定性。此外,EM强化的SBR工艺还具有极强的抗冲击负荷能力,当进水CODcr为2738mg．L-1时,处理3h后,出水CODcr即可达到《污水综合排放标准》的要求,去除率高于96 %,而普通SBR工艺即使处理6h也不能达标。 相似文献
20.
为了提高低温废水处理效果，筛选：和鉴定具有显著低温生活污水降解作用的南极微生物，并对其低温生活污水的处理效果进行了初步研究。实验结果表明，在0～5℃时。南极低温酋群对有机物的降解率显著高于中温菌的去除率，南极耐冷菌对NH3-N及TP均有一定的去除率。从南极低温茼群中筛选到5株蛋白质降解功能菌，4株脂肪降解功能菌，1株淀粉降解功能菌，2株烷烃降解功能菌和1株芳香烃降解菌，并通过16SrDNA序列对它们进行了鉴定，明确其菌属。这为寻求解决低温环境中废水处理的有效方法奠定了基础。 相似文献